tile at common pressure. A portion was cooled in its tube to o°; it remained fluid. The tube was then opened, when a part immediately flew off, leaving the rest so cooled by the evaporation as to remain a fluid under the atmospheric pressure. The temperature could not have been higher than 40° in this case; as Sir Humphry Davy has shown that dry chlorine does not condense at that temperature under common pressure. Another tube was opened at a temperature of 50°; a part of the chlorine volatilised, and cooled the tube so much as to condense the atmospheric vapour on it as ice.

A tube having the water at one end and the chlorine at the other was weighed, and then cut in two; the chlorine immediately flew off, and the loss being ascertained was found to be 1.6 grains: the water left was examined and found to contain some chlorine: its weight was ascertained to be 5.4 grains. These proportions, however, must not be considered as indicative of the true composition of hydrate of chlorine; for, from the mildness of the weather during the time when these experiments were made, it was impossible to collect the crystals of hydrate, press, and transfer them, without losing much chlorine; and it is also impossible to separate the chlorine and water in the tube perfectly, or keep them separate, as the atmosphere within will combine with the water, and gradually reform the hydrate.

Before cutting the tube, another tube had been prepared exactly like it in form and size, and a portion of water introduced into it, as near as the eye could judge, of the same bulk as the fluid chlorine: this water was found to weigh 1.2 grains; a result, which, if it may be trusted, would give the specific gravity of fluid chlorine as 1.33; and from its appearance in, and on water, this cannot be far wrong.

CLEOPATRA LANDING AT TARSUS

By Gelee (Claude Lorraine), 1700-1782. Louvre, Paris.

C

LAUDE OF LORRAINE, or CLAUDE GELEE, was born at the village of Chamagne in Lorraine. His parents were poor, he made no progress at school, and at the age of twelve went to live with his elder brother, Jean Gelee, who was a wood-carver, and under him learned to design arabesques and foliage. He next went to Rome to seek alivelihood, but failing to obtain permanent employment on account of his clownishness and ignorance of the language, went to Naples to study landscape painting under Godfery Waals, a painter of much repute. He remained here two years and then returned to Rome, and was domesticated until 1625 with another landscape painter, Augustin Tassi, who hired him to grind his colors and do all the household drudgery. Hoping to make Claude useful in some of his greatest works, his master advanced him in the rules of perspective and elements of design. Under this tuition Claude's mind began to expand. For the purpose of examining nature, he made his studies in the open fields from sunrise until sunset. After leaving Tassi he made a tour in Italy, France, and Germany, returning to Rome in 1627. Here he painted two pictures for Cardinal Bentivoglio, which earned him the protection of Pope Urban VIII. His life as an artist may be said to begin at this time, but he was nearly forty years old before his general popularity was established. It was said by one of his most severe critics that "he first put the sun into the heavens." He was undoubtedly the greatest landscape painter of his time, but was so poor at figure painting that he usually got some other artist to put the figures in for him. He never married, and lived only for his art. He died at Rome in 1682.