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overclouded evening to perform a secret circuit sans habillement, around the field. For this purpose she slipped out of the lodge in the evening, unobserved, to some obscure nook, where she completely disrobed. Then, taking her matchecota, or principal garment, in one hand, she dragged it around the field. This was thought to ensure a prolific crop, and to prevent the assaults of insects and worms upon the grain. It was supposed they could not creep over the charmed line."-Oneóta, p. 83.

With his prisoner-string he bound him.-PAGE 374.

"These cords," says Mr. Tanner, "are made of the bark of the elm-tree, by boiling and then immersing it in cold water. . . . . . The leader of a war party commonly carries several fastened about his waist, and if, in the course of the fight, any one of his young men takes a prisoner, it is his duty to bring him immediately to the chief, to be tied, and the latter is responsible for his safe-keeping."-Narrative of Captivity and Adventures, p. 412.

Wagemin, the thief of cornfields!

Paimosaid, the skulking robber !-PAGE 376.

"If one of the young female huskers finds a red ear of corn, it is typical of a brave admirer, and is regarded as a fitting present to some young warrior. But if the ear be crooked, and tapering to a point, no matter what colour, the whole circle is set in a roar, and wa-ge-min is the word shouted aloud. It is the symbol of a thief in the corn-field. It is considered as the image of an old man stooping as he enters the lot. Had the chisel of Praxiteles been employed to produce this image, it could not more vividly bring to the minds of the merry group the idea of a pilferer of their favourite mondámin. . . ...

"The literal meaning of the term is, a mass, or crooked ear of grain; but the ear of corn so called is a conventional type of a little old man pilfering ears of corn in a cornfield. It is in this manner that a single word or term, in these curious languages, becomes the fruitful parent of many ideas. And we can thus perceive why it is that the word wagemin is alone competent to excite merriment in the husking circle.

"This term is taken as the basis of the cereal chorus, or corn-song, as sung by the Northern Algonquin tribes. It is coupled with the phrase Paimosaid, -a permutative form of the Indian substantive, made from the verb pimosa, to walk. Its literal meaning is, he who walks, or the walker; but the ideas conveyed by it are, he who walks by night to pilfer corn. It offers, therefore, a kind of parallelism in expression to the preceding term."-Oneótu, p. 254.

Pugasaing, with thirteen pieces.-PAGE 386.

This game of the Bowl is the principal game of hazard among the Northern tribes of Indians. Mr. Schoolcraft gives a particular account of it in Oneóta, p. 85. "This

game, " he says, "is very fascinating to some portions of the Indians. They stake at it their ornaments, weapons, clothing, canoes, horses, everything in fact they possess and have been known, it is said, to set up their wives and children, and even to forfeit their own liberty. Of such desperate stakes I have seen no examples, nor do I think the game itself in common use. It is rather confined to certain persons, who hold the relative rank of gamblers in Indian society,-men who are not noted as hunters or warriors, or steady providers for their families. Among these are persons who bear the term of Ienadizze-wug, that is, wanderers about the country, braggadocios, or fops. It can hardly be classed with the popular games of amusement, by which skill and dexterity are acquired. I have generally found the chiefs and graver men of the tribes, who encouraged the young men to play ball, and are sure to be present at the customary sports, to witness, and sanction, and applaud them, speak lightly and disparagingly of this game of hazard. Yet it cannot be denied, that some of the chiefs, distinguished in war and the chase, at the West, can be referred to as lending their example to its fascinating power."

See also his History, Condition, ani Prospects of the Indian Tribes, part ii. p. 72.

To the Pictured Rocks of sandstone.-PAGE 397.

The reader will find a long description of the Pictured Rocks in Foster and Whitney's Report on the Geology of the Lake Superior Land District, part ii. p. 124. From this I make the following extract :

"The Pictured Rocks may be described, in general terms, as a series of sandstone bluffs extending along the shore of Lake Superior for about five miles, and rising, in most places, vertically from the water, without any beach at the base, to a height varying from fifty to nearly two hundred feet. Were they simply a line of cliffs, they

might not, so far as relates to height or extent, be worthy of a rank among great natural curiosities, although such an assemblage of rocky strata, washed by the waves of the great lake, would not, under any circumstances, be destitute of grandeur. To the voyager, coasting along their base in his frail canoe, they would, at all times, be an object of dread; the recoil of the surf, the rock-bound coast, affording, for miles, no place of refuge,-the lowering sky, the rising wind,-all these would excite his apprehension, and induce him to ply a vigorous oar until the dreaded wall was passed. But in the Pictured Rocks there are two features which communicate to the scenery a wonderful and almost unique character. These are

first, the curious manner in which the cliffs have been excavated, and worn away by the action of the lake, which, for centuries, has dashed an ocean-like surf against their base; and, second, the equally curious manner in which large portions of the surface have been coloured by bands of brilliant hues.

"It is from the latter circumstance that the name by which these cliffs are known to the American traveller, is derived; while that applied to them by the French voyageurs (Les Portails ') is derived from the former, and by far the most striking peculiarity.

"The term Pictured Rocks has been in use for a great length of time; but when it was first applied, we have been unable to discover. It would seem that the first travellers were more impressed with the novel and striking distribution of colours on the surface, than with the astonishing variety of form into which the cliffs themselves have been worn.

"Our voyageurs had many legends to relate of the pranks of the Mennibojou in these caverns, and, in answer to our inquiries, seemed disposed to fabricate stories, without end, of the achievements of this Indian deity."

Toward the sun his hands were lifted.-PAGE 416.

In this manner, and with such salutations, was Father Marquette received by the Illinois. See his Voyages et Découvertes, section v.

TRANSLATIONS.

The Feast of the Leafy Pavilions.—PAGE 424.

The Feast of the Tabernacles; in Swedish, Löjhyddohögtiden, the Leaf-huts'high-tide.

Round the altar-piece painted by Hörberg.-PAGE 425.

The peasant-painter of Sweden. He is known chiefly by his altar-pieces in the village churches.

Of the sublime Wallin.-PAGE 425.

A distinguished pulpit-orator and poet. He is particularly remarkable for the beauty and sublimity of his psalms.

COPLAS DE MANRIQUE-PAGE 435.

This poem of Manrique is a great favourite in Spain. No less than four poetic Glosses, or running commentaries, upon it have been published, no one of which, however, possesses great poetic merit. That of the Carthusian monk, Rodrigo de Valdepenas, is the best. It is known as the Glosa del Cartujo. There is also a prose Commentary by Luis de Aranda.

The following stanzas of the poem were found in the author's pocket after his death on the field of battle:

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"Our days are covered o'er with grief,
And sorrows neither few nor brief
Veil all in gloom;

Left desolate of real good,
Within this cheerless solitude

No pleasures bloom.

"Thy pilgrimage begins in tears,

And ends in bitter doubts and fears,

Or dark despair;

Midway so many toils appear,

That he who lingers longest here
Knows most of care.

"Thy goods are bought with many a groan,

By the hot sweat of toil alone,

And weary hearts;

Fleet-footed is the approach of woe,

But with a lingering step and slow
Its form departs."

Of Denmark's Juel who can defy the power?-PAGE 455.

Nils Juel was a celebrated Danish Admiral, and Peder Wessel, a Vice-Admiral, who for his great prowess received the popular title of Tordenskield, or Thundershield. In childhood he was a tailor's apprentice, and rose to his high rank before the age of twenty-eight, when he was killed in a duel.

VOCABULARY TO HIAWATHA.

ADJIDAU'MO, the red squirrel.

Ahdeek, the reindeer.

Ahmeek', the beaver.

Annemee'kee, the thunder.

Apuk'wa, a bulrush.

Baim-wa'wa, the sound of the thunder.

Bemah gut, the grape-vine.

Big-Sea-Water, Lake Superior.
Cheemaun', a birch-canoe.
Chetowaik', the plover.

Chibia bos, a musician; friend of Hiawatha; ruler in the Land of Spirits. Dahin'da, the bull-frog.

Dush-kwo-ne'-she, or Kwo-ne'-she, the dragon-fly.

Esa, shame upon you. Ewa-yea', lullaby.

Gitch'e Gu'mee, the Big-Sea-Water, Lake Superior.

Gitch'e Man'ito, the Great Spirit, the Master of Life.

Gushkewau', the darkness.

Hiawatha, the Prophet, the Teacher; son

of Mudjekeewis, the West-Wind, and Wenonah, daughter of Nokomis.

Ia'goo, a great boaster and story-teller. Inin'ewug, men, or pawns in the Game of the Bowl.

Ishkoodah', fire; a comet.

Jee bi, a ghost, a spirit.

Joss'akeed, a prophet.

Kabibonok ka, the North-Wind.
Ka'go, do not.

Kahgahgee', the raren.

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dragon-fly.

or

Dush-kwo-ne'-she, the

Mahnahbe zee, the swan.
Mahng, the loon.

Mahn-go-tay'see, loon-hearted, brave.
Mahnomo'nee, wild rice.
Ma'ma, the woodpecker.
Maskeno'zha, the pike.
Me'da, a medicine-man.
Meena hga, the blueberry.

Megissog won, the great Pearl-Feather, a
magician, and the Manito of Wealth.
Meshinau'wa, a pipe-bearer.
Minjekah'wun, Hiawatha's mittens.
Minnehaha, Laughing Water; a waterfall
on a stream running into the Mississippi,
between Fort Snelling and the Falls of St.
Anthony.

Minneha ha, Laughing Water; wife of Hiawatha.

Minne-wa wa, a pleasant sound, as of the wind in the trees.

Misn'e-Mokwa, the Great Bear.
Mish'e-Nah ma, the Great Sturgeon.

Miskodeed, the Spring-Beauty, the Claytonia Virginica.

Monda'min, Indian corn.

Moon of Bright Nights, April.

Moon of Leaves, May.

Moon of Strawberries, June.

Moon of the Falling Leaves, September, Moon of Snow-shoes, November. Mudjekee'wis, the West-Wind; father of Hiawatha.

Mudway-aush'ka, sound of waves on a shore.

Mushkoda'sa, the grouse.
Nahma, the sturgeon.
Nah'ma-wusk, spearmint.

Nagow Wudjoo, the Sand Dunes of Lake
Superior.

Nee-ba-naw-baigs, water-spirits.
Nenemoo'sha, sweetheart.

Nepah win, sleep.

Noko'mis, a grandmother; mother of

Wenonah.

No'sa, my father.

Nush ka, look! look!

Odah'min, the strawberry.

Okahah wis, the fresh-water herring.

Ome me, the pigeon.

Ona 'gon, a bowl.

Onaway, awake.

Opechee', the robin.

Osse'o, Son of the Evening Star.

Owais'sa, the blue bird.

Oweenee', wife of Osseo.

Ozawa beek, a round piece of brass or copper

in the Game of the Bowl.

Pah-puk-kee'na, the grasshopper.
Pau'guk, death.

Pau-Puk-Kee'wis, the handsome Yenadizze,
the Storm Fool.
Pe'boan, Winter.

Pem'ican, meat of the deer or buffalo dried and pounded. Pezhekee', the bison.

Pishnekuh', the brant.
Ponemah', hereafter.

Puggawau gun, a war-club.

Puk-Wudjies, Puk-Wudg-Inin'ees, littl
wild men of the woods; pigmies.
Sah-sah-je'-wun, rapids.
Sah'wa, the perch.
Segwun', Spring.
Sha'da, the pelican.

Shahbo'min, the gooseberry.
Shah-shah, long ago.
Shaugoda'ya, a coward.
Shawgashee, the craw-fish.
Shawonda'see, the South-Wind.
Shaw-shaw, the swallow.

Shesh'ebwug, ducks; pieces in the Game of the Bowl.

Shin'gebis, the diver or greebe.
Showain'neme'shin, pity me.
Shuh-shuh'-gah, the blue heron.
Soan-ge-ta ha, strong-hearted.
Subbeka'she, the spider.
Sugge'ma, the mosquito.

To tem, family coat-of-arms.
Ugh, yes.

Ugudwash', the sun-fish.
Unktahee', the God of Water.

Wabas'so, the rabbit; the North.

Wabe'no, a magician, a juggler.
Wabe'no-wusk, yarrow.

Wabun, the East-Wind

Wa'bun An'nung, the star of the East, th Morning Star.

Wahono'win, a cry of lamentation.

Wah-wah-tay'see, the fire-fly.

Waubewy'on, a white skin wrapper.

Wa'wa, the wild-goose.

Waw beek, a rock.

Waw-be-wa'wa, the white goose.
Wawonais'sa, the whip-poor-will.
Way-muk-kwa'na, the caterpillar.

Weno nah, the eldest daughter; Hiawathe's
mother daughter of Nokomis.
Yenadiz'ze, an idler and gambler; an
Indian dandy.

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