An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsCosimo, Inc., 2007年11月1日 - 512 頁 Adam Smith revolutionized economic theory with his 1776 work An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. He proposed rules governing labor, supply, and demand; and describes division of labor, stockpiling of wealth, lending, and interest. Smith also discusses how economies lead to opulence. Wealth of Nations also offers a defense for free-market capitalism. Any student of economics should be familiar with the concepts and laws that Smith developed, as much of economic theory is still based upon his work. Volume I of this two-volume set contains Book I, Book II, and Book III of the original manuscript. Scottish economist and philosopher ADAM SMITH (1723-1790) helped set standards in the fields of political economics and moral philosophy, playing a key role in the early development of the scholarship of economics. His other writings include Essays on Philosophical Subjects. |
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第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 17 筆
第 頁
... with all the bread and beer which he has immediate occasion for . No exchange can , in this case , be made between them . -from Chapter 4 : " Of the Origin and Use of Money " CONTENTS FIRST OF ΤΗΣ VOLUM E. NTRODUCTION AND PLAN OF.
... with all the bread and beer which he has immediate occasion for . No exchange can , in this case , be made between them . -from Chapter 4 : " Of the Origin and Use of Money " CONTENTS FIRST OF ΤΗΣ VOLUM E. NTRODUCTION AND PLAN OF.
第 頁
... with all the bread and beer which he has immediate occasion for. No exchange can, in this case, be made between them. • — from Chapter 4: "Of the Origin and Use of Money" CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. 1 NrnooucTroN and Plan of.
... with all the bread and beer which he has immediate occasion for. No exchange can, in this case, be made between them. • — from Chapter 4: "Of the Origin and Use of Money" CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. 1 NrnooucTroN and Plan of.
第 1 頁
... occasion , But this proportion must in every nation be regulated by two different circumstances ; first , by the skill , dexterity , and judgment with which VOL . I. B its Introduct . its labour is generally applied ; and , NTRODUCTION ...
... occasion , But this proportion must in every nation be regulated by two different circumstances ; first , by the skill , dexterity , and judgment with which VOL . I. B its Introduct . its labour is generally applied ; and , NTRODUCTION ...
第 26 頁
... occasion to the divifion of labour , fo the extent of this divifion must always be limited by the extent of that power , or , in other words , by the extent of the market . When the market is very fimall , no perfon can have any ...
... occasion to the divifion of labour , fo the extent of this divifion must always be limited by the extent of that power , or , in other words , by the extent of the market . When the market is very fimall , no perfon can have any ...
第 36 頁
... occasion for . These rude bars , therefore , performed at this time the function of money . THE use of metals in this rude state was at- tended with two very confiderable inconvenien- cies ; first , with the trouble of weighing ; and ...
... occasion for . These rude bars , therefore , performed at this time the function of money . THE use of metals in this rude state was at- tended with two very confiderable inconvenien- cies ; first , with the trouble of weighing ; and ...
內容
1 | |
19 | |
33 | |
43 | |
70 | |
82 | |
96 | |
CHA P IX | 113 |
Of the Variations in the Propor | 273 |
Second Period | 299 |
Variations in the Proportion between the | 330 |
19 | 338 |
First Sort Page | 340 |
Third Sort | 359 |
Conclufion of the Digreffion concerning the | 375 |
Effects of the Progreſs of Improvement upon | 384 |
Of the Profits of Stock | 133 |
CHA P X | 145 |
Of Wages and Profit in the different Employ | 151 |
Of the Produce of Land which | 227 |
Of the Produce of Land which | 252 |
Conclufion of the Chapter | 392 |
BOOK II | 407 |
Of Money confidered as a particular Branch | 423 |
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afford almoſt annual bank becauſe BOOK buſineſs butcher's-meat cafe capital cauſe CHAP circulation commodities commonly confequence confiderable confifts cultivation demand employed employment England equal eſtabliſhed Europe exchange expence faid fame manner fcarcity feems feldom fervants feven fhillings fhould filk firſt fociety fome fometimes fomewhat foon frequently ftatute ftill ftock fubfiftence fuch fufficient fuperior fupply fuppofed gold and filver greater quantity himſelf improvement increaſe induſtry intereft itſelf land landlord leaſt lefs leſs mafters manufactures meaſure metals mines money price moſt muft muſt natural natural price neceffarily neceffary occafion ounce pence perfon Peru pound weight pounds prefent price of corn produce profit proportion purchaſe purpoſe quantity of filver quantity of labour raiſe reaſonable regulated rent rife Scotland ſeems ſmall ſmaller ſome ſtate ſtill ſtock themſelves theſe thofe thoſe tion trade turally uſe value of filver wages of labour wheat whole workmen
熱門章節
第 125 頁 - A plentiful subsistence increases the bodily strength of the labourer, and the comfortable hope of bettering his condition, and of ending his days perhaps in ease and plenty, animates him to exert that strength to the utmost. Where wages are high, accordingly, we shall always find the workmen more active, diligent, and expeditious than where they are low: in England, for example, than in Scotland; in the neighbourhood of great towns than in remote country places.
第 49 頁 - Labour alone, therefore, never varying in its own value, is alone the ultimate and real standard by which the value of all commodities can at all times and places be estimated and compared.
第 43 頁 - The things which have the greatest value in use have frequently little or no value in exchange; and on the contrary, those which have the greatest value in exchange have frequently little or no value in use. Nothing is more useful than water: but it will purchase scarce anything; scarce anything can be had in exchange for it.
第 189 頁 - The property which every man has in his own labour, as it is the original foundation of all other property, so it is the most sacred and inviolable. The patrimony of a poor man lies in the strength and dexterity of his hands; and to hinder him from employing this strength and dexterity in what manner he thinks proper without injury to his neighbour, is a plain violation of this most sacred property.
第 84 頁 - When the price of any commodity is neither more nor less than what is sufficient to pay the rent of the land, the wages of the labour, and the profits of the stock employed in raising, preparing, and bringing it to market, according to their natural rates, the commodity is then sold for what may be called its natural price.
第 23 頁 - ... for them. The greater part of his occasional wants are supplied in the same manner as those of other people, by treaty, by barter, and by purchase. With the money which one man gives him he purchases food. The old cloaths which another bestows upon him he exchanges for other old cloaths which suit him better, or for lodging, or for food, or for money, with which he can buy either food, cloaths, or lodging, as he has occasion.
第 45 頁 - The value of any commodity, therefore, to the person who possesses it, and who means not to use or consume it himself, but to exchange it for other commodities, is equal to the quantity of labour which it enables him to purchase or command. Labour, therefore, is the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities.
第 8 頁 - ... could scarce, perhaps, with his utmost industry make one pin in a day, and certainly could not make twenty. But in the way in which this business is now carried on, not only the whole work is a peculiar trade, but it is divided into a number of branches, of which the greater part are likewise peculiar trades. One man draws out the wire, another...
第 24 頁 - When the market is very small, no person can have any encouragement to dedicate himself entirely to one employment, for want of the power to exchange all that surplus part of the produce of his own labour which is over and above his own consumption for such parts of the produce of other men's labour as he has occasion for.
第 226 頁 - ... Such parts only of the produce of land can commonly be brought to market, of which the ordinary price is sufficient to replace the stock which must be employed in bringing them thither, together with its ordinary profits. If the ordinary price is more than this, the surplus part of it will naturally go to the rent of the land. If it is not more, though the commodity may be brought to market, it can afford no rent to the landlord. Whether the price is, or is not more, depends upon the demand.