ANGLE of Inclination (Opticks) is the angle made by a ray of incidence, and the axis of incidence.. ANGLE of Reflection (in Opticks) is an angle formed by the reflected ray, at the point of reflection, with the other part of the tangent line. ANHELO'SE (anbelofus, L.) fetching breath quick and short; puffing and blowing. AN'IL, the plant from which Indigo is procured. ANI'LENESS (anilitas, L.) the being a very old woman. ANIMA, the breath; alfo the principle of life in the rational, fenfitive or vegetative foul, L. ANIMA Mundi, called by Plate Juxn rio, the foul of the world or of the universe, with Naturalifts) is a certain pure, ANGLE refracted (in Opticks) is an angle between the refracted ray and the perpen-ethereal fubftance or fpirit, which is diffused dicular. ANGLE of Refraction (Opticks) is an angle made by the ray of incidence, extended through another medium (as out of the air in to the water) and the ray of refraction.⚫ Optick (in Opticks) is an angle ANGLE Visual included between two rays, drawn from the two extreme points in an object to the center of the pupil, as ABC, which is comprehended between the rays AB and BC. B C ANGLE (in Sciagraphy, i. e. Dialling) an angle that is made by the ftrait line, proceeding from the fun to the dial plane. AN'GLER (of angel, Sax.) one who fifhes with an angle. ANGUIGENOUS (anguigenus, L.) ingendered or begotten of ferpents. ANGUINEAL (anguineus, L.) pertaining to an eel. through the mafs of the world, which informs, actuates and unites the divers parts of it into one great, perfect, organical or vital body. The modern Platonifts explain the anima mundi to be a certain ethereal, univerfal fpirit; which exists perfectly pure in the heavens, but pervading elementary bodies on earth, and intimately mixing with all the minute atoms of it, affumes somewhat of their nature, and thence becomes of a peculiar kind. Some again define it to be a certain ignifick virtue or vivifick heat, infufed into the chaos and diffeminated through the whole frame of it, for the confervation, nutrition and vivification of it. AN'IMABLENESS (of animabilis, L.) the having life. ANIMADVER'SIVENESS (of animus and advertere, L.) the animadverfive faculty. ANIMAL, i. e. a living creature, is by fome defined to be a being, which befides the power of growing, increafing and producing its like (which vegetables also have) is further endowed with fenfation and spontaneous motion. ANIMAL (animalis, L.) 1. That which ANGUINEAL Hyperbola, an hyperbola belongs or relates to animals. 2. Animal of an eel-like figure, which cuts its affymp-functions, diftinguished from natural and vital," tote with contrary flexions, and is produced are the lower powers of the mind, as, the both ways into contrary legs. the will, memory, and imagination. A. simal life is oppofed, on one fide, to intellec tual, and on the other, to vegetable. 4. Animal is ufed in oppofition to fpiritual of AN'GULARNESS (of angulaire, F. angularis, L.) having corners. ANGULAR Motion (Mechanicks) a compound fort of motion, wherein the movea-rational; as the animal nature. ble both flides and revolves at the fame time. ANGULAR Motion (with Aftronomers, is the increase of the diftance of any two planets, revolving round any body, as the common center of motion. ANGULOSITY (with Pbilofophers) the quality of that which has several or many angles. ANGUST'NESS (of anguftus, L.) narrownefs, ftraitness. ANGUSTITY (of anguflitos, L.) ftraitnefs or narrowness of place; alfo straitness of circumftances, poverty, &c. ANHALTINA (with Phyficians) medicines that promote refpiration. ANHELA TION, a painting, a difficulty of breathing; fhortnels of breath. 3. ANIMALCULE (animalculum, L.) a fmall animal; particularly those that are in their first and small state. ANIMALITY (from animal) The state of animal existence. To ANIMATE (animo, L.) To quicken; to make alive; to give life to; as, the foul animates the body; man must have been animated by a higher power. 2. To give powers to; to heighten the powers or effect of any thing. 3. To encourage; to incite. ANIMATE (from to animate) alive; poffeffing animal life. ANIMATED (from animate) lively; vigorous. ANIMATENESS (from animate) The state of being animated, ANIMATION ANIMATION (from animare) The act | of animating or enlivening. 2. The state of being enlivened. ANIMATIVE (from animate) That which has the power of giving life; or ani mating. ANIMATOR (from animate) that which gives life; that which implants a principle of life. ANIMOSE (animofitas, L.) full of spirit; hot; vehement. ANIMOSENESS (from animofe) fpirit; heat; vehemence of Temper. due to him from an abbot or prior for any of his chaplains, used to demand it, &c. ANNUAL Equation (Aftronomy) is the equation of the mean motion of the fun and moon, and of the apogee and nodes. ANNUALS (with Botanifts) plants that are to be raised year by year; fuch as die in the winter. ANNUITY (of annuus, L. yearly) a yearly income or rent that is to be paid for term of life; an annuity is different from a rent only in this, that the former only charges the granter or his heirs, whereas a rent is payable out of land. ANIMOSITY (from animofitas, L.) vehemence of hatred; paffionate malignity. Dr. Halley, in his obfervations on the BrefIt implies rather, the difpofition to break outlaw bills of mortality, fhews that it is 80 to into outrages, than the outrage itself. 1 a perfon of 25 years of age does not die in a AN JOUR and WAST (Law term) a year; that it is 5 and a half to one that a forfeiture when a man has committed petry man of 40 lives 7 years; and that one of 30 treafon and felony, and has lands held of fome may reafonably expect to live 27 or 28 years: common perfon, which shall be feized for So great a difference there is between the life the king, and remain in his hands a year and a of man at different ages; that it is 100 to 1 day, next after the attainder, and then theif one of 20 lives out a year; and but 38 to trees fhall be pulled up, the houses razed and to I, that one of 50 does fo. pull'd down, and the pafture and meadows ploughed up; except he, to whom the lands fhould come by efcheat or forfeiture, redeem it of the king. ANISCALPTOR, i. e. the Arfe ANISCALP/TORIS Mufculi par ANNALS, hiftories or chronicles of things done, from year to year. L. To ANNEX (annefto, anneftum, L. an. neger, F.) 1. To unite to at the end; as, he annexed a codicil to his will. 2. To unite, at, a fmaller thing to a greater; as, he annexed a province to his kingdom. 3. To unite à pofteriori; annexion always pre-fup-pofing fomething; thus, we may fay, punishment is annexed to guilt; but not guilt to punishment. When and from some other observations he has conftructed the following tables, fhewing the value of annuities from every 5th year of life to the 70th. -- a ring. ANNULAR Ligament (Anatomy) a strong ligament encompaffing the Carpus or wrift, after the manner of a bracelet. ANOI'SANCE (of nuifance, F.) any NOI'SANCE injury, damage or hurt NU'SANCE done to a publick place, bridge, highway, &c. or to a private one by ANNEX (from to annex) The thing an-encroachment, by laying in it any thing that nexed; additamentum. may breed infection, &c. ANNEXATION (from annex) 1. Conjunction; addition. 2. Union; coalition; conjunction. ANNEXION (from annex) the art of annexion, addition. ANNEXMENT (from annex) 1. The art of annexing. 2. The thing annexed. ANNOISANCE (in Law) nufance, a hurt or offence either to a publick place, as a high way, bridge or common river, or to a private one, by laying any thing that may breed infection; by encroaching or the like. ANNOISANCE, the name of a writ brought upon this tranfgreffion. ANNUAL Penfion (in Law) a writ by which the king, having an annual penfion ANOMALISTICAL Year (Aftronomy) is the space of time wherein the earth paffes through her orbit. ANOMALY (in Aftronomy) the distance of a planet from the Aphelion or Apogee; or an irregularity in the motion of a planet, whereby it deviates from the Aphelion or Apogee. ANOMALY of a Planet mean or equal (in the New Aftronomy) is the Area, which is contained under a certain line drawn from the fun to the planet. Mean ANOMALY of the Sun or Planet (with Aftronomers) is an arch of the ecliptick, between the mean place of it, and its apogee. In In the modern Aftronomy it is the time where- [ in the planet moves from the Aphelion to the mean place or point of its orbit. The true ANOMALY of the center (Aftronomy) an arch of the zodiack, bounded by the true motion of the center; in the new Afronomy it is an arch of the eccentrick circle, included between the Aphelion and a right line, drawn through the center of the planet perpendicular to the line of the Apfides. ANTANACLASIS (lavanλar, of all and dugxxá∞, to strike back again, Gr.ja reflecting or bearing back. ANTAPO'DOSIS (alators, of dili against) drò from, and Nido, Gr. to give a returning er paying on the other fide, or by turns. ANTARES (with Aftronomers) the forpicn's heart, a fixt ftar of the first magnitude in the conftellation Scorpio, in longitude 45 degrees 13 minutes, latitude 4 deg. 27 min. ANTARTHRITICKS (of and deg ANOMALY of the Eccentrick (New Aftronomy) an arch of the eccentrick circle in-rids, Gr.) remedies good against the gout, cluded between the Aphelion, and a right line drawn thro' the center of the planet perpendicular to the line of the Apfider. True or equated ANOMALY (Aftronomy) is the angle at the fun which a planet's diftance from the Aphelium appears under; or it is the angle at the Area taken porportional to the time in which the planet moves from the mean place to its Aphelion. ANTASTHMATICKS(of avli and OpaTixè;, Gr.) remedies against the phthifick or fhortnefs of breath. ANTECEDENCE (antecedens, L.) a going before, L. ANT'ECE'DENT Decree, a decree preceeding fome other decree, or fome action of the creature, or the provifion of that action. To ANSWER (the etymology is uncer- ANTECEDENTS of the Ratio (with Ma tain) 1. To speak in return to a question.thematicians) is the first term of comparison 2. To fpeak in oppofition. 3. To be ac- in a proportion, or that which is compared to countable for. 4. To vindicate, to give a another. Thus if the ratio or propertion fatisfactory account of. 5. To give an ac- were of B to C, er 18 to 16, B or 8 is the count. 6. To correfpond to, to fuit with. antecedent, and Cor 16 the confequent. 7. To be equivalent to; to stand for fomething else. 8. To fatisfy any claim or peti- | tion. 9. To act reciprocally upon. 10. To itand as opposite, or correlative to fomething elle. 11. To bear proportion to. 12. To perform what is endeavoured or intended by the agent. 13. To comply with. 14. To fucceed, to produce the wifhed event. 15. To appear to any call, or authoritative summons. 16. To be over-against any thing. ANSWER (from to answer) 1. That which is faid, whether in fpeech or writing, in return to a question, or position. 2. In Law, a confutation of a charge exhibited a. gainst a perfon. ANTECEDENTIA (Aftronomy) when a planet appears to move weftward contrary to the order or courfe of the figns, it is faid to move in Antecedentia. AN'TECHAMBER 7 of ante camera, L. ANTICHAMBER an outer chamber of an apartment, where fervants wait, and ftrargers fty, till the perfon is at leifure to whom they would fpeak. ANTEMUN'DANÈ (of ante and mundoas, L.) before the beginning or creation of the world. ANTERIOUR, fomething before another, efpecially in respect of place. ANTHELMIN'THICKS (of dit and u, Gr. a worm) medicines which destroy worms in human bodies. ANSWERABLE (from anfaver) 1. That to which a Reply may be made, that which may be answered; as, the argument, though AN'THEM (antbema, Ital. q. of diůvμ fubtle, is yet anferable. 2. Obliged to give Gr. a church fong, performed in a cathedral, an account, or ftand the trial of an accufa-e. by the chorifters, divided into two tion. 3. Correfpondent. 4. Proportionate. chorus's, who fing alternately. 5. Suitable; fuited. 6. Equal. 7. Relative; correlative. ANSWERABLY (from answerable) in due proportion; with proper correfpondence; fuitably. ANSWERABLENESS (from answerable) the quality of being answerable. ANSWERER (from answer) 1. He that anfwers; he that speaks in return to what another has fpoken. 2. He that manages the controverfy against one that has written firft. ANTAGONIST 2 (with Anatomifts ANTAGONISTAS a mufcle that has an opposite fituation to another or a contrary function, as the Abductor of the Cabitus, which ferves to pull the arm back, and the Abductor that stretches it our. St. ANTHONY's Fire. See Erysipelas. ANTHRACOTHE l'OSALENTRUM, (of area, a cole, Seo, fulphur, að‹, falt, and, virgo, nitre, Gr.) all the ingredients of gunpowder. ANTHOPOGRAPHY (of Avgan, 2 man, and ypan, Gr. defcription) a phyfiological difcourfe or treatife of all the component parts of a human body. ANTHROPOLOGY (in Theology) a way of Speaking of God after the manner of men, by attributing to him human parts, as hands, eyes, &c. ANTHROPOPHAGY, the act of eating man's or human flesh. ANTHYPNOTICS (of dil and izve, Gr. fleep) medicines that prevent fleep. ANTHY. ANTHYPOCHONDRI'ACA (of 21royagi, Gr.) medicines good against difeafes of the hypochondria. ANTICHAMBER. See Antechamber. ANTICHRE'SIS (in the Civil Law) a covenant or convention between the debtor and the creditor, as to a lone of money upon a mortgage or pawn. nefs to the doctrine of Christ, or the principles, &c. of Chriftians. ANTICH'THONES, thofe people which inhabit countries oppofite to each other the fame as Antipodes. characters of a real metal, except malleability; and may be called a femi-metal, being a fotfile glebe of fome undetermined metal, combined with a fulphurous and ftony substance. Mines of all metals afford it; but chiefly thofe of filver and lead; that in gold mines is reck: ned beft. It has its own mines in Hungary, Ger many, and France. It is found in clods or ANTICHRIST (AĤixeiç©, of a:lì, a- ftones, of feveral fizes, bearing a near regainft, and Xecas, Chrift, Gr.) a name which femblance to black lead, only lighter and St. Paul gives, by way of eminence, to the harder. Its texture is full of little thining min of fin and fon of perdition, who, as is pro- veins or threads, like needles; brittle as phefied in the facred fcriptures, fhall appear glass. Sometimes veins of a red or golden remarkably in oppofition to Chriftianity at the colour are intermixed, which is called mate latter end of the world. antimony; that without them being denomiANTICHRISTIANITY 7 oppofite-nated female antimony. It fufes in the fire, ANTICHRISTIANNESS though with fome difficulty; and diffolves more eafily in water. When dug out of the earth, it is put into large crucibles, fufed by a violent fire, and then poured into cones, which make the crude antimony of the shops. Of thefe cones the top is the pureft part, and the bafe the fouleft. It deftroys and diffipates all metals fufed with it, except gold; and is therefore useful in refining. It is a common Ingredient in fpeculums, or burning concaves, ferving to give them a finer polifh. It makes a part in bell-metal, and renders the found more clear. It is mingled with tia, to make it more hard, white, and found; and with lead, in the cafting of printers letters, to fender them more smooth and firm. It is a geral help in the melting of metals, and especialin cafting cannon balls. In pharmacy it is v'ed under varicos forms, and with various intentions, chiefly as an emetick. ANTIMONY (Chym. Writers) is expreffed by one of thefe characters. ; now To ANTICIPATE (anticipo, L.) 1. To take fomething fooner than another, fo as to prevent him that comes after. 2. To take up before the time, at which any thing might be regularly had. 3. To fore-tafte, or take an impreffion of fomething which is not yet, as if it really was. 4. To prevent any thing by crouding in before it; to preclude. ANTICIPATION (from anticipate) 1. The act of taking up fomething before its time. 2. Fore- tafte. 3. Opinion implanted before the reasons of that opinion can be known. ANTICOR (from anti, agaiuft, and cor, the heart.) A preternatural-fwelling of a round figure, eccafioned by a fanguine and bilious humor, and appearing in a horfe's breaft oppofite to his heart; which may kill him, unlefs brought to a fuppuration, by good remedies. and ANTILOPE, a mungrel creature, engendered by a hart and a goat. ANTIMETASTASIS (of a Macari, Gr.) a mutation) a tranflat.ng or changing to the contrary part. ANTIMONAR CHICALNESS (of a Calx of ANTIMONY 7 isa white powCerufe of ANTIMONY der produced of the regulus, diftilled with fpirits of nitre in a fand furnace. Cinnabar of ANTIMONY, is prepared of a mixture of fulphur, mercury and antimony,' fublimed in a luted bolt head, and a naked fire. Crocus of ANTIMONY 7 See Crocus Me- Butter of ANTIMONY, a white gummous liquor, prepared either of crude, or regulas of antimony, and corrofive. fublimate, pulverized, mixt and difti.led by a gentle heat. } pared Golden fulphur of ANTIMONY is prePrecipitate of ANTIMONY from the feoria arifing in preparing the res and age, Gr.) the being against govern-gulus, by boiling, filtration, and adding dif ment in a fingle perfon. ANTIMONIALS, preparations of antimony, or fuch medicines wherein antimony is the bafix or principal ingredient. ANTIMONY is a mineral fubftance, of metalline nature, having all the feeming tilled vinegar. Magiftery of ANTIMONY, is a yellowish powder prepared from crude antimony, digefted in aqua regia, which becomes an infipid matter, by many repeated ablutions in water Crude Crude ANTIMONY, is the native mine-half of the fame meridian, and walk with ral antimony, melted down and cast in cones: their feet directly oppofite one to another. called alfo Antimony in fubftance. ANTIPYRETICUM (of dvrì and wugeris, a fiery heat) a medicine that allays the heat of fevers. Prepared ANTIMONY, is that which has paft under fome chymical procefs, by which the nature and powers of it have been altered and abated. Regulus of ANTIMONY, a ponderous, metallick powder, which, upon fufing fome of that mineral in its crude ftate, finks to the bottom, leaving the fcoria or impurities) on the top. ANTIQUATEDNESS (of antiquatus, L.) the being grown out of ufe or date. ANTIQUE (antiquus, L.) ancient. Antique is chiefly ufed by architects, carvers, painters, S.. ANTISPASIS (from alì, againft, and TAW, to draw, Gr.) the revulfion of any Glafs of ANTIMONY, is the crude anti-humour into another part. mony, and calcined by a very vehement fire in an earthen crucible, till it leaves off fum-rigter, the breaft) the back-bone. ing, and then vitrified in a wind furnace. ANTISTER'NON (of avli, oppofite to, and ANTITHENAR (of a and Sivag, Gr.) one of the mufcles which extend the thumb: it is also a muscle of the great toe, arifing from the inferior part of the third Os cuneiforme, ana paffing obliquely is inferted into Offa Seffamoidea. ANTITYPICmL (of antitypum, L. diliTUTOV, Gr.) pertaining to an antitype. ANTIVENE'REALNESS (of a, Gr. and venereus, L.) the being useful against venereal distempers. Flowers of ANTIMONY, are the volatile parts that stick to the fubliming pot, after having been pulverized and fublimed in aludels. ANTINOUS (Aftronomy) a part of the constellation, named aquila or the eagle. ANTIPATHETICALNESS, the having an antipathy, or antipathetical quality. ANTIPATHY (antipathia, L. of almadtíz, of avlí against, and w, the paffion) fome fay the reafon of antipathy between animals, is, that by the fight of fuch objects certain impreffions are tranfmitted thro' the fibres of the nerves into the brains, which convey the animal Spirits into the nerves; which, upon the blood being rarified after another manner than is ufual, fends into the brains those spirits, which are adapted to the fomenting or cherishing of terror. And a-gainst his heart. gain, as effluvia and fpirituous fteams proceed from the bodies of all creatures, fome of which difagree with others, they do excite anger and hatred in each other. ANTIPENDIUM (with the Romanifts) a filver fkreen, which covers the front of an alter, which is hanged on with fcrews upon a feftival day. ANTIPERISTASIS (from and wigrauai, Gr. to ftand round) the oppofition of a contrary quality, by which the quality it oppofes becomes heightened or intended; or the action by which a body attacked by another collects itself, and becomes ftronger by fuch oppofition or an intention of the activity of one quality caufed by the oppofition of another. Thus quick lime is fet on fire by the affufion of cold water; fo water becomes warmer in winter than in fummer; and thunder and lightening are excited in the middle region of the air, which is continually cold, and all by antiperaftafis. This is an exploded principle in the peripatetick philofophy. ANTIPHRASIS (from alì, against, and pacis, Gr. a form of speech) the use of words in a sense oppofite to their proper meaning. ANTIPODES (in Geography) fuch inhabitants of the earth, who dwelt in oppofite parallels of latitude, and under the oppofite | Bees ANTLER, the ftart or branch next above the brow antler. Brow ANTLER, the start or branch next the head. AN'TOCOW (with Horse-doctors) a sound fwelling about halt as big as a man's fift, break. ing out in the breaft of a horfe directly a ANT, an emmet, a pifmire, a small infect well known. ANTS (Hieroglyphically) were used by the ancients to reprefent laborious perfons, diligent and induftrious in their callings. For ants are very laborious, industrious creatures, and alfo ready to give affiftance to their fel lows. ANVIL (anfile, Sax.) a maffy iron inftrument on which fmiths, &c. hammer their work. A Rijing ANVIL, an anvil having two nooks or corners for rounding any piece of metal. 1. Trouble ANXIETY (anxietas, L.) of mind about fome future event; fufpenfe with uneasiness; perplexity; folicitude. 2. In the medical language, depreffion; lownels of fpirits. 2. Care ANXIOUS (anxius, L.) disturbed about fome uncertain event; folicitous. ful; full of inquietude; unquiet. 3. Careful, as of a thing of great importance. 4. It has generally for or about before the object, but fometimes of. ANXIOUSLY (from anxious) in an anxious manner; folicitously; unquietly; carefully. ANXIOUSNESS (from anxious) the quality of being anxious; fufceptibility anxiety. ANY t 1 |