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VIGNAUD PAMPHLETS

Asia Minor

Baikie, James.

The cradle of civilization.

Benloew, Louis.

De la Nationalité des Troyens.

Berger, Ph.

La Phénicie pour faire suite a l'ecriture et les inscriptions Sémitiques.

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Lenormant, Francois.

La légende de Cadmus et les établissements
Phéniciens en Grèce.

Luschan, Felix v.

The early inhabitants of Western Asia.

Perrot, George.

La civilisation Mycénienne.

Réville, Albert.

(2 Parts)

La religion des Phéniciens, d'après des recherches récentes en Hollande.

Soury, Jules.

L'Asie-Mineure d'après les nouvelles découvertes archéologiques.

Thirlwall.

Les anciens Pélasges.

Texier, Ch.

Les populations de L'Asie Mineure.

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EUROPE DID NOT GIVE RISE TO A SINGLE SPECIES OF MAN

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Mr. Osborn's conclusions are stated tentatively that is, scientifically strong probabilities, not certainties. They are as follows, and they represent the conclusions which are in accord with our present knowledge.

From the earliest Paleolithic to Neolithic times western Europe was never a center of human evolution. It did not give rise to a single species of man, nor did there occur therein any marked evolution or transformation of human types. The main racial evolution took place to the eastward, whence at first primitive and afterward modern types of men found their way westward.

Of all the races of Paleolithic man

which appeared in Europe, no one was ancestral to any other; they all successively arrived fully formed. Therefore the family trees or lines of descent of the number of entirely separate branches, races of the Old Stone Age consist of a which had been completely developed in the eastern mass of the great Eurasiatic continent.

The sudden appearance in Europe, some 25,000 years ago, of a human race with a high order of brain was not a local leap forward, but the result of a long process of evolution elsewhere. Throughout the whole period there was a long, slow process of checkered progress, marked by the rise and fall of races, of cultures, and of industries. It is a fascinating subject, and no one has dealt with it as ably as Mr. Osborn.

THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION

The Historic Lands Along the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers Where Briton Is Fighting Turk

BY JAMES BAIKIE

AUTHOR OF "SEA KINGS OF CRETE" AND "THE RESURRECTION OF ANCIENT EGYPT" IN THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE

I

N THE southwestern corner of the great continent of Asia, between the Persian Gulf and the border of that great elbow known as Asia Minor, which the continent thrusts out westward, there lies a land whose influence upon the history of the human race it would scarcely be possible to overestimate.

This is the place which is generally recognized to have been the original home of the human race, where, in dim and misty ages before history began, men first attempted to form themselves into organized communities, where the Hebrew race found its origin, and whence their first leader, Abraham, went out in search of the land which he should afterward receive for an inheritance.

It is a long and comparatively narrow stretch of country, running up from the Persian Gulf toward the Taurus Mountains and that lofty tableland which we now know as Armenia. On its northern

and northeastern side it is bordered by a fringe of mountains, gradually sloping up toward the great northern ranges. On the southern and southwestern side it fades away into the great Arabian desert (see map, page 216).

SOURCE OF MESOPOTAMIA'S FERTILITY

Far up in the tableland of Armenia, about 800 miles in a straight line from the gulf, rise two great rivers-the Tigris and the Euphrates. The former breaks through the mountain wall of the tableland on its eastern flank and flows in a southeasterly direction throughout almost its entire course.

The latter breaks through on the western flank and flows at first westward, as though making for the Mediterranean. It then turns south and flows directly southward for awhile; then sweeps around in a great bend to the southeast

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