Exchange Rate Volatility and World TradeInternational Monetary Fund, 1984年7月8日 - 69 頁 In View of the continuation of substantial movements in exchange rate relationships among major currencies, the recent increase in protectionist pressures, and the disappointing performance of world trade, renewed concern has been expressed about the possible adverse effects of exchange rate variability on trade. Against the background of this concern, the following decision was reached at the ministerial meeting of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in November 1982. |
內容
CHARTS | 2 |
Measuring Exchange Rate Variability | 8 |
TABLES | 11 |
Volume and Pattern of World Trade | 16 |
Structure of Output and Investment | 23 |
Appendices | 41 |
II | 51 |
常見字詞
1983 Percent Percent 25 25 DEVIATIONS adverse effects aggregate Appendix bilateral trade flows Canadian dollar Chart competitiveness demand depreciation DEVIATIONS FROM TREND domestic effect of exchange Effective Exchange Rates effects on trade equations evidence exchange rate fluctuations exchange rate move exchange rate movements exchange rate uncertainty exchange rate variability exchange rate volatility exports factors Federal Republic firms floating exchange rates foreign exchange greater gross domestic product Hooper and Kohlhagen impact of exchange important increase inflation International Monetary Fund Japan major currencies Major Industrial Countries manufacturing measure of exchange ment monthly nomic Nominal Effective Exchange nominal exchange rates nontraded offset paper Percent Percent 25 price level production protectionist protectionist pressures quarterly rate of growth real effective exchange real exchange rates relative prices sector short-term significant stability statistical survey systematic tend Thursby tion trade policy transactions U.S. dollar United Kingdom variability on trade volume world trade