Hanna, Elizabeth, ancestor of M. A.
Hanna, 2.
Hanna, H. Melville, younger brother

of M. A. Hanna, 13, 14, 15, 34, 43;
service in navy during Civil War, 44;
buys M. A. Hanna's refinery and sells
out to Standard Oil Company, 51;
introduction of steel vessels on the
Great Lakes by, 61; quoted, 100;
on McKinley's tact and attractive
personality, 175-176; with M. A.
Hanna in his last illness, 454.
Hanna, James B., nephew of M. A.
Hanna, 88.

Hanna, Joshua, uncle of M. A. Hanna,
5, 10-11, 12, 32.

Hanna, Kersey, uncle of M. A. Hanna,
3 n., 4, 10, 14, 18.

Hanna, L. G., manager of Cleveland
Opera House, 73.

takes

Hanna, Leonard, father of M. A.
Hanna, 5-6, 11, 17, 18; marriage
to Samantha Converse, 6;
prominent part in temperance and
political movements in Ohio, 13-15;
removal from New Lisbon to Cleve-
land, 32; illness and death of, 42.
Hanna, Leonard C., brother of M. A.
Hanna, 41; a member of Rhodes &
Co., 60 n.; quoted, 85, 101, 102;
becomes head of M. A. Hanna & Co.
on withdrawal of M. A. Hanna, 173–
174.

Hanna, Levi, uncle of M. A. Hanna,
3 n., 11.

Hanna, Marcus Alonzo, birth of (Sept.
24, 1837), 1, 7; ancestry, 2-7;
boyhood home and school life, 17 ff.;
religious trend of father and mother,
18; personal appearance, 19; activ-
ities in debating club and in mimic
warfare, 23-27; as a leader among
boys, 27, 38-39; removal with
parents to Cleveland, 32; engage-
ment to Mary Ann McLain, 32-33;
schooldays in Cleveland and at
Western Reserve College, 36-39;
attitude toward book education and
education of real life, 39; entrance
into business of Hanna, Garretson
& Co. (1857), 39-41; roustabout,
purser, and commercial traveller,
40-41; active social life led by, 41-
42; effect on, of death of father
in 1862, 42-43; a member of firm of
Robert Hanna & Co., 43-44; in the
Civil War, 44-46; descriptions of,
as a soldier, 46; love affair with and

marriage to Miss C. Augusta
Rhodes, 47-48; vicissitudes of early
married life, 48-50; becomes a
member of firm of Rhodes & Co., 50;
refinery previously owned by, sold
to Standard Oil Company, 51;
speculation on effects on career of,
had he joined the Rockefellers, 51-52;
energies put into Rhodes & Co. make
him its leading member, 52-53;
success of Rhodes & Co. and M. A
Hanna & Co. due to nature of
management initiated by, 63-64;
business ventures outside of his
special line, 65 ff.; experiences as
proprietor of the Cleveland Herald,
66-70; false impression of person-
ality of, resulting from contest
with the Leader, 68; the answer
to accusation of being a boss, 70;
organization of Union National
Bank by, 70-72; Cleveland Opera
House purchased and managed
under direction of, 72-75; acquaint-
ance among actors, 75; street
railway affiliations of, 76-83; atti-
tude toward corruption in Cleve-
land politics, 80-83; relation be-
tween his employees and, 84 ff.;
street railway men and, 86-89; ex-
periences with labor difficulties, 89-
95; generally broad and humane
treatment of employees by, 95;
characteristics of, in business, 96 ff.;
his initiative, 96-97; capacity for
hard work, 97-98; success as
salesman, 98; aptitude for me-
chanics, 98-99; control of business
campaigns by, 99-101; mixture of
balance and prudence in business
policy of, 101-103; success as an
organizer, 103; absolute integrity
the keystone of his business struc-
ture, 103-104; a shrewd judge of
people, 105-106; manner in dealing
with business associates, 106-107;
can be summed up as a business
man who carried over into the period
of industrial expansion the best
characteristics of the pioneer, 107-
108, 465 ff.; mistake of viewing
him as essentially a money-maker,
108-109; beginnings as a politician,
110; interest in politics antedated
street railway connection, 112-113;
partriotic motives at the base of his
interest in political matters, 113-
114; early opposition to and subse-

quent coöperation with the bosses,
114-115; essential features of creed
of, regarding politics, 115; the
Garfield campaign in 1880, 116-117;
broadening of political interests after
Garfield's election, 117-118; mem-
ber of state Republican committee,
118; the experimental period of his
political career, 118-119; plunge
into national politics with election
as delegate to National Convention
of 1884, 120 ff.; close relations
between James B. Foraker and, 124-
126; activities in electing Foraker
Governor and in Cleveland munici-
pal politics, 126-127; backed by
important business men rather than
professional politicians, 127; rup-
ture between Foraker and, and
causes, 128-137; constant support
of John Sherman for the Presidency,
129-137; appointed director of
Union Pacific R. R., 131; at the
National Convention of 1888, 133-
136; permanent hostility of Foraker
and, and effect on Mr. Hanna's
career and on Ohio politics, 138-139;
McKinley definitely replaces Sher-
man in mind of, as a Presidential
possibility, 140-141; increased in-
terest in national politics due to the
tariff issue, 143; as a campaign
fund contributor and successful
solicitor of campaign contributions,
145-147; his assistance of Mc-
Kinley and Kimberly in money ways,
146-147; visit to Washington in
1889 to help McKinley's fight for
Speakership, 150; open hostility
to Foraker in latter's candidacy for
Governorship in 1889, 152-153;
open dislike and lack of recognition
of, by President Harrison, 153-154;
controversy with Congressman
Burton over the Cleveland post-
mastership 154; growing friend-
ship with Sherman, McKinley, and
Butterworth, 154; letters of Butter-
worth to, 154-156; McKinley's
cautious letters to, 156-158; success-
ful efforts by, to elect McKinley as
Governor and Sherman as Senator
(1891), 158-162; grateful letter
from Sherman to, but total neglect
of mention of in Sherman's "Rem-
iniscences," 162-163; work for
McKinley at Minneapolis in 1891,
165-166; offered Treasurership of

National Committee by Benjamin
Harrison but declines in order to
leave hands free to work for Mc-
Kinley (1891), 165; great help
given to McKinley during latter's
financial ruin, 170; importance of
McKinley's brilliant reëlection in
1893 appreciated by and made full
use of, 171; decision of, to with-
draw from direction of M. A. Hanna
& Co. to give time to politics, and
reasons for decision, 172-174; rents
house in Georgia to help McKinley's
cause in the South, 175-176;
management of McKinley's cam-
paign for the nomination in 1896,
175 ff.; cost of McKinley's cam-
paign for nomination in 1896
paid by, 183-184; strict objections
of, to illegitimate use of money by
his lieutenants, 184-185; reasons
traced for success of his ambition
for McKinley, 188-189; attitude of,
favorable to a gold standard, 194;
letter to A. K. McClure concerning
St. Louis Convention, 198-199;
recognition of services of, and speech
by, on nomination of McKinley,
205; made Chairman of National
Committee, 206; ovation to and
speeches by, on return to Cleveland,
207-208; masterly generalship dis-
played by, in managing campaign of
1896, 209-227; amount of money
raised by, for election expenses,
218-221; defence of his methods of
meeting campaign expenses, 221-
223; made the victim of malignant
personal attacks, 223-225; popular
approval of and interest in, after
McKinley's triumph, 228; declines
Cabinet position (Postmaster-Gen-
eralship) offered by McKinley,
229-230; reasons, 230-231; ambi-
tion to become Senator, 231–232; his-
tory of appointment of, to Sherman's
seat in Senate, 232-241; reason for
desirability of seeking election to
Senate, to preserve personal prestige,
242; story of confirmation of his
title to Senatorship by the people
and Legislature, 242-271; first
stump speaking by, 243-247; bri-
bery charge against, 259-263; re-
jection of corrupt methods by,
263-264; speech to supporters in the
Legislature, 266; letter to David K.
Watson concerning attack on Stand-

ard Oil Co. by, discussed, 266–271;
first three years of, in the Senate
viewed as a transition period,
272 ff.; handicapped by prominence
as a friend of the President and as
Chairman of the National Com-
mittee, 273; work in connection
with the Dingley Law, 275-276;
committees on which he served,
276; attitude on public questions
as indicated by his votes, 277;
attitude on the Spanish War, 278-
279; as an Imperialist, 279-280;
his ship-subsidy bill, 280, 344 ff.;
interest in the Gathmann Torpedo,
280-281; votes against seating M.
S. Quay, 283; takes active part in
armor-plate debate, 286-288; Sen-
ator Pettigrew's attack on, and
Mr. Hanna's defence, 288-290;
part taken by, in Ohio politics in
1898 and 1899, 291-296; skill dis-
played by, in distribution of patron-
age, 297-298; rules laid down by,
on appointments, 299-301; prepa-
rations of, for Convention of 1900,
302 ff.; the trust issue, 305-307;
opposes Roosevelt's nomination for
Vice-President, 310; forced to ac-
quiesce in the nomination of Roose-
velt for Vice-President, 315-317;
McKinley's hesitation in selecting
Mr. Hanna to manage campaign of
1900, 320-321; eminent skill dis-
played by, in conducting the cam-
paign, on receiving appointment to
Chairmanship of National Com-
mittee, 321-322; irritation over
certain attitudes taken by McKinley,
329-330; his stump-speaking tour
in the Northwest, 331-340; resent-
ment of, over McKinley's attempted
interference, 333-334; overwhelm-
ing success of tour, 340; prestige
of, after McKinley's reëlection,
342-344; ship-subsidy legislation
urged by, 344-354; failure of, to
control his party's politics in Cleve-
land, 355; at Buffalo at time of the
President's assassination, 358-360;
exchanges pledges as to mutual
behavior with Roosevelt, on death
of McKinley, 360-362; comparisons
and contrasts drawn between Mc-
Kinley and, 363-368; change in
public sentiment toward, following
McKinley's death, 369; the Gridiron
Club dinner and address, 369-371;

continued influence of, at the White
House and friendship with Roose-
velt, 371-372; takes part in debates
on Department of Commerce and
Labor, Chinese Exclusion Act, Penn-
sylvania R. R. station in Washing-
ton, Cuban reciprocity, etc., 374-
375; position in the government
in 1901-1902 analogous to that of a
German Imperial Chancellor, 375-
376; great importance of work of, in
behalf of Panama Canal, 376 ff.;
becomes leader in the Senate of pro-
Panama route party, 380; exhaus-
tive investigation by, of advantages
and disadvantages of different canal
routes, 381-382; speech of, in behalf
of Panama route (June 5 and 6,
1902), 382-384; interest aroused in
capital and labor problem, 386 ff.;
publicly identifies himself with
work of National Civic Federation,
391-392; chairman of Industrial
Department, Civic Federation, 391-
392; work of, to settle anthracite
coal miners' strike of 1902, 393-400;
settlement of various labor disputes
by, 401-402; description of official life
of, at Washington, 412-413; proba-
bility of election to Presidency, in case
McKinley had lived, 413; numerous
advocates of Mr. Hanna's nomina-
tion in 1904, 414-415, 416-417, 420;
effect on relations with Roosevelt of
efforts of friends in behalf of nomina-
tion, 422-423; cornered on Roose-
velt nomination question by the
Foraker faction, 423-425; indorse-
ment of, by Ohio state convention
of 1903, 429; celebration by, of
marriage of his daughter Ruth, 429-
430; efforts put forth by, in state
election of 1903, 430-433; reëlec-
tion by a large majority in 1903,
433; letters of congratulation to,
from widespread sources, 434; re-
newed efforts by supporters to boom
him for the Presidency, 435; sup-
posed motives of, for not coming
out decisively for Roosevelt's re-
nomination, 442-444; question if
he could have been persuaded to
accept nomination had health per-
mitted, 444-446; personal habits
relative to eating, smoking, and
exercise, 447-448; premonitions of
physical breakdown in 1903, 449-
450; visit to Europe, 450; last