The Jews of Kaifeng, China: History, Culture, and Religion

1489 inscription 1512 inscription 1663 inscription ancestors ancient Asia became Chen Chinese cities Chinese Jews Chinese society Chinese-Hebrew Memorial Book Christian city of Kaifeng city's clan Confucian culture faith families foreign gogue Gozani Hebrew honor house of worship Hui Hui Ibid imperial examinations Israel Jesuit Jewish descendants Jewish merchants Jewry Jews in China Jews in Old Jews of Kaifeng Judaism Judeo-Persian Kaifeng community Kaifeng Jewish community Kaifeng Jews Kehillah Kublin Leslie lived Mandarins Matteo Ricci Ming missionaries Mongols munity Muslims names Nanjing Ningpo Old China passed the imperial period Persian Pollak prayer Qing rabbi rebuild religion religious Ricci ritual says Scriptures seventeenth century Shanghai Shapiro Silk Road Song dynasty Song emperor Spring and Autumn stele surnames Survival syna synagogue tablet Tang temple Tien tion Torah scrolls trade tradition visited Kaifeng Wang Yisha Xi'an Yangzhou Yellow River Yellow River flood Yuan Zhao Zhao Yingcheng