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Cohobation.

Amalgama

tion.

cipitate of their own accord, but oftener by the Affiftance of fome other Liquor added to the Menftruum. As Bodies can't be fuftain'd, till they are render'd specifically lighter than the Menftruum in which they are diffolv'd, fo, on the contrary, if any Menftruum be made lighter than the faid diffolv'd Particles, 'tis plain they can't be fuftain'd or fufpended any longer, but muft fall to the Bottom. This is the Reason of Precipitation, and is effected two ways, viz. by dropping into the Menftruum a Liquor specifically lighter or heavier; the firft renders the Menstruum lighter than before, and therefore unable any longer to fufpend the diffolv'd Body; and the heavier Liquor, what with the Weight of its Particles, and the Impetus they acquire in their Defcent, carry down and fink all the folid Particles they meet with in their way. In the first Cafe, the Spirit of Sal Ammoniac will plentifully precipitate the Filings of Metals diffolv'd in acid Mentruums; and in the latter, Water alone will precipitate Tinctures of Vegetables extracted by Spirit of Wine.

COHOBATION is a Sort of repeated Diftillation, or fuch wherein the Liquor first drawn off, is (inftead of fresh Water, &c.) again return'd upon the Subject to be drawn of a fecond Time, which is again cohobated, or pour'd on the Subject in the Still, and fo is continued or repeated feveral Times; the Intention of which is to open and feparate mix'd Bodies, to extract their Virtues more effentially, to volatilize Spirits, &c.

AMALGAMATION is a Procefs employ'd about Metals, and confifts in mixing Mercury with them when fufed or melted, in order to fit them to be extended on fome Works, as Gold; or elfe to reduce it to a very fubtil Powder,

Powder, by evaporating the Mercury. No Iron or Copper can by any means be amalgamated.

THE INSTRUMENTS used in Chemistry are of Chemical of three several Kinds, viz. Inftruments. FIRST, the ELEMENTS; as (1.) Fire, on Elements. whofe Agency all the Art depends, for 'tis by Fire the Particles of Bodies are forced apart, and put into Motion; as in Distillation, Sublimation, Fufion of Metals, &c. (2.) Water, whofe Ufe is general and well known in Chemical Operations. (3.) Air; this is confider'd by Chemists as an almoft univerfal Diffolvent, and as fuch properly belongs to the next Head. (4.) Earth, which is of various and frequent Ufe in this Art; as in Lutings, Sand-Heats, &c.

SECONDLY, MENSTRUUMS; which are any Menftruums. Kind of Diffolvents, or Liquids, which by steeping or digesting Bodies in them, do by Degrees diffolve or difunite the Particles of thofe Bodies, and fo change them from a folid to a fluid State. And of this Sort of Inftruments are Air, Water, Spirit, Mercury, and various others both Natural and Chemical Preparations, especially of the Acid Tribe.

THIRDLY, VESSELS or Utenfils of divers Utenfils. Sorts; as Furnaces of feveral Forms and Kinds, Alembics and Stills, Retorts, Receivers, Cucurbits, Matraffes, Crucibles, Lingots, Coppels, Aludels, Cranes, &c. all which to defcribe here would answer but little Purpofe; fince a juft Idea of their Forms and Ufes is only to be obtain'd either by large Prints, or an actual View of them in the Laboratories of the Chemists.

Of

Of PHYSIC; or the THEORY of
MEDICINE and DISEASES.

22EDICINE, or, as it is com- MEDICINE monly call'd, PHYSIC, con- or PHYSIC fifts in the Knowledge of thofe defined. Things, by the Application of

M

which the Health of Bodies is

preferved or reftored, by remov

ing Difeafes. The Object therefore of Medicine Its Objec. is the Life, Health, Disease, and Death of Mankind; the Caufes whence they arife, and the Means by which they are governed.

Phyfiology,

THIS Art is divided into five great Parts, Medicine viz. (1.) Phyfiology, in a ftrict Senfe fo call'd, divided into which refpects the Nature of the Human Body. Five Parts; (2.) Pathology, or the Doctrine of Difeafes. Pathology, (3.) Semeiotics, which relates to the Signs and In- Semeiotics, dications of Difeafes. (4.) Hygieina, or that which Hygieina, prescribes Rules for the Conferyation of Life and Health. (5.) Therapeutics, which treats of the Therapeutics.

Materia Medica, and Cure of Diseases.

PHYSIOLOGY, the first and most philo- Of Phyfiology, fophical Part of Medicine, explicates (1.) The and what it Nature, Structure, and Parts of the Human teaches. Body, with their Ufe in the whole Animal Oeconomy. (2.) What Life is, and wherein it doth confift. (3.) What the true Notion of Sanity or Health is: And, (4.) The various Effects of Life and Health, or a good State of the Animal Conftitution: All which Particulars are call'd the Res Naturales, or Things according to Nature.

THE

The Animal

Oeconomy.

THE Structure or Conftitution of the Human

Structure and Body, and the Ufe of the Parts in its Oeconomy. hath been already explain'd in the Chapter of Anatomy, and is thence to be learn'd.

Life, what.

Health,

Whence it proceeds.

The Balance of Nature.

LIFE is faid to be that Condition of an Animal Body, which, both with refpect to the fold and fluid Parts, is abfolutely requifite, that there might fubfift a mutual Union and Commerce between the Body and Mind, in fome certain Manner; or which, when impair'd, may be fome how reftor'd without neceffarily deftroying the fame.

HEALTH or Sanity is that Affection of Life which arifes from that due Structure, Conformation, Temperament, and Oeconomy of an Animal Body, whereby all the Parts thereof are in a proper Condition to exert all their Natural Actions and Functions of Life, with a requifite Degree of Facility, Delight, and Conftancy. Or, Health is a right Exercife of the Actions of the Solids and Fluids according to the Laws of Nature, whereby the Circulation of the Blood is maintained thro' the minutest Arteries without Obftruction. And this Difpofition of the Parts, and the Juftness of their Actions, which is the Foundation of Health, proceeds from, or is the Effect of what is call'd the Equilibrium Natura, or Balance of Nature; which is defined to be that equal Temperature of the Solids and Fluids wherein the Blood is capable of circulating freely; the feveral Secretions are made therefrom in the exacteft Proportions, and the Excrements excern'd, by all the different Emundtories, without the leaft Obftruction,

THIS BALANCE of NATURE itself arifes from that proper Tone, Tenfity, Springiness, or Contractile Power of the Fibres of the Solids, as effects a due Circulation, Liquidity, and requifite

Secretions

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