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remembered the fact, but misconstrued the | to cupping. It is not surprising that explanation, and, therefore, oddly fancied they should attempt to set a broken arm, that the work was done through the medium for even untutored Indians in North of the circulating system. They tell us America have been able to do as much; plainly that the heart sends one artery to but they have a substitute for the splints, the kidneys, another to the liver, and a which does great credit to their taste and third to the spleen; but there they stop, we ingenuity. It is a sort of bracelet made see no vessels issuing from them, to carry by fastening thin slips of bamboo together. the blood back to its fountain, or to dis- After the divided ends of the bone have perse it to any other part of the body. Six been brought into a happy juxtaposition veins or arteries run from each hand to a bandage is wound round to keep them the trunk, and as many from each foot to in that state. As a further protection either the trunk or the head, where they this bracelet of bamboo slips is put about dip down below the surface, but how they the limb, and makes so good a figure that contrive to reach the heart or any of its it looks as if it were worn not from necespartners in the business of circulating the sity, but for ornament. The Chinese blood we are not informed. Besides they never ventured to remove a diseased memtell us many wonderful things about these ber by amputation, but they seem to have vessels, without condescending to illus- a prevailing fancy for cutting and pricktrate their views with anything like an ing the surface of the body. This is appeal to what is familiar or within the what we mean by scarification and acureach of our senses. They represent some puncture. When the nature of the case of these vessels as conveying light, partial admitted they laid a small pile of southor complete; and others as carrying dark-ernwood upon the affected part and set it ness either total, or with a certain mixture of light. An acquaintance with their natural, metaphysical, and astrological philosophy enables us to guess at the meaning of these expressions, but, at the best, it is only a conjecture which is sadly encumbered by many a shadowy doubt and perplexity.

The windpipe is believed to pass directly through the lungs into the heart, so that the air does not diffuse itself to meet the blood in the mazy windings of the pulmonary cells, but descends at once to the heart, and there mingles itself with the blood, which is supposed to carry this ethereal principle along with it to all the parts of the body. What keeps the blood from escaping by a passage so large and obvious is not stated. But perhaps the larynx, or that curious apparatus which is placed at the top of the windpipe, was reckoned as adequate to fulfil this office. A melancholy circumstance suggested this remark, for a man essayed to kill himself by cutting out his tongue, thinking that he should thus open the valve which kept the vital fluid in its place. As the windpipe terminates at the base of the tongue, the larynx was deemed a part of it. There are many other curious notions entertained by the Chinese, but a detail of them would hardly be compatible with a work intended for general reading.

The surgery of the Chinese was confined, in its most flourishing stage, to the adjusting of fractured bones, to dislocations, acupuncture and scarification, and

For

on fire; this is what is intended by the
moxa in our medical works, which is a
corruption of mookasa, a term for the
plant among the Japanese, of whom we
learned the practice. If the burning pile
was not deemed appropriate, recourse was
had to the needle or the lancet.
these two instruments appear to have
been considered as twins among the na-
tive practitioners. Nine sorts of "needle,"
including lancets, are mentioned under a
common name, which we will, for the
convenience of speech and memory, call
the "nine scarificators." When a sur-
geon in this part of the world unrolls his
case or opens his box of glittering knives
we feel an involuntary shudder, but a
Chinese doctor, with his nine dwarfish
tools, his burning moxa, and his large
assortment of caustic substances, could
give us as much smart, and make us feel
that terrible remedies are not always the
least merciful. The writer has witnessed
some frightful illustrations of this remark.
Chinese medicine is founded upon a false
conception of the human system, and
therefore essentially wrong in principle.
But the apothecary has a variety of reme-
dies little known in this country, and the
physician has written so much about dis-
eases, with many of which we are but
partially acquainted, that the whole sub-
ject deserves to be studied deeply, as it
will not fail to give us much valuable in-
formation, both as to the maladies inci-
dent to man, and to the remedies which
ought to be used for their alleviation.

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Should it please that good Being, who loveth the stranger in giving him food and raiment, (Deut. x. 18,) to grant us full access to that interesting country, it would probably present a fine field for research to enterprising and scientific men of the medical profession. The Chinese divide their diseases into two classes in reference to the cause from which they are supposed to arise. One class is occasioned by a disturbance of the equilibrium within, as by irregularity in diet, excessive passions, care, wearisomeness, etc. The other from some external injury, as from cold, noxious vapour, and so on. The rice-grounds, from their marshy character, are the occasion of many distempers which belong to the latter division.

COMMON SAYINGS.

No. XVIII.

GRATITUDE AND INGRATITUDE.

L.

"ONE good turn deserves another;" "ay, and often gets it too," observed my grandfather. "Interest is but a poor motive; but if people had only sense enough to look to their own interest, they would more frequently than is commondo as they would be done by.' He was led to make these remarks from the circumstance of a family in the neighbourhood, which excited general interest. A respectable couple, whose children had left them and gone abroad, took a nursechild, partly with a view to help out their little income; but perhaps chiefly for the sake of its company, for they wanted something to cheer their solitary dwelling. After some time the pay of the child ceased; nor had they the means of tracing any responsible person. About the same time their own scanty resources were diminished; and they were advised no longer to burden themselves with the maintenance of the child, but to turn it over to the parish' and sometimes, when provisions were very dear, and their means very scanty, they feared they should be compelled to do so. But when it came to the point, a hesitation always arose "We should not like a child of ours to be sent to the workhouse; we will try a little longer." Many were their straits and struggles, yet the child continued to share their scanty pittance. In time she became really useful, and her assistance was found more than equivalent to her expenses. Those who had

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formerly been most forward in advising her protectors to cast her off as a burden, were then most ready to suggest to her that she ought to be doing something for herself, and not to bestow her time and labour on the old people who were unable to pay her. No," she replied, "one good turn deserves another: they took care of me, and worked hard to provide for me when I was a helpless child; and it is but fair, now they are getting feeble and I am getting strong, that I should work for their comfort, and find pleasure in doing it." She persevered in doing so; and was for several years the chief support of the aged couple. After a protracted war, by which hundreds of British families were separated, and, in many instances, ignorant of what had befallen their divided members, peace unexpectedly brought back many a weary wounded wanderer. Among others, both the father of this young female, and the children of her benefactors made their appearance, much to the joy of those who had long given over the hope of seeing them. The former possessed the means of liberally requiting the kindness shown to his child by strangers; the latter testified to having, on several occasions, and in seemingly desperate exigences, received from strangers kindness akin to that which their own parents were bestowing upon the child of others. "Acts of kindness," said my grandfather, "often meet an ample reward in the grateful returns of those who have received them; but they are oftener still requited in an unexpected way by interpositions of Providence, in raising up friends, or inclining the hearts of strangers to help in time of need. God is never unrighteous to forget the work of faith and labour of love of his people; and every act of kindness to a fellowcreature performed from motives of obedience and love to Him, is property laid up on the best security, perhaps forgotten by the depositor, but always remembered by the Trustee, and liberally rendered back in due time, with accumulated interest. 'He that hath a bountiful eye shall be blessed,' The liberal soul shall be made fat: and he that watereth, shall be watered also himself.' 'He that hath pity upon the poor, lendeth unto the Lord: and that which he hath given will he pay him again,' Prov. xxii. 9 xi. 25; xix. 17. Happy is the man,' said bishop Hall, that may be a creditor to his Maker! Heaven and earth

must be empty before he shall want a royal payment!'"

My grandfather had strong claims on the gratitude of many, for he who is kind to all, deserves well of all." He was not one who looked for returns; for he loved to do good, and often did it, "hoping for nothing again." But no man was more delighted than he with the spontaneous expression, or the smallest tribute of gratitude. The most trifling offering thus received, became valuable in his esteem. "I think more of the kindness than the value of the gift," was a saying which he alike applied on the receipt of a handsome piece of plate, presented in acknowledgment of some service he had rendered to Sir Henry, and on that of the poor widow's plate of gooseberries, (though he had plenty in his own garden,) or the rush mat from the basket-maker's boy, to both of whom he had been a kind friend in time of sickness. "Gratitude in a poor man would be generosity in a rich one," and "He that gives to a grateful man, puts out his money to compound interest. There is a saying about giving "an egg for an """ If the egg, said my grandfather, "be given with a selfish design to get an ox in return, it is detestable; but if an egg be given as the genuine expression of gratitude by him who can do no more, it is no despicable return, even the smaller for the greater benefit."

OX.

There were two candidates for a medical office in an establishment in which my grandfather had considerable influence. Both the applicants were strangers to him; and he was anxious only to ascertain which would be most likely to promote the interests of the institution, and the health of its inmates. He examined all the testimonials, and received the solicitations of the friends of both parties; but he made no engagement to support either. On the day of election he had not come to a positive decision. As he rode along, a poor man touched his hat, and seemed desirous of speaking; and the following conversation took place:

"Ah, Thomas, is it you? Somebody told me you had left E. and gone to live at W."

"No, sir, I never intended to leave the place; but I went to W. to do a job of thatching; and there I fell desperately ill, and was not able to come home. So my poor wife came up there to nurse me, and-poor creature in a few days was

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Well, I will think of you if any thing should occur; but you say you had your illness at W- Do you happen to know anything of a medical gentleman who lives there, of the name of P. ?"

"What Doctor P., sir? Know him! Why he is the very gentleman that shewed us such kindness. When first I was taken ill, I went to his shop and asked him if he could give me some little matter that would set me to rights. I thought, perhaps, that a little medicine, or a bleeding might do, without much expense, and without giving over work. But he said directly, that I must go to bed, and he would come and attend me; and attend me he did, sure enough, and my poor wife, too. If we had been the greatest people in the land, and had paid him a guinea a visit, he could not have done more for us. For a long time we knew nothing about his kindness; for we were, both of us, quite light-headed; but, when we came to our senses, the people at the house where we lodged, told us what he had done for us. And then we were afraid there would be such a heavy bill that we should never be able to pay it. He saw there was something that preyed on our minds, and that we were ashamed, like, when he called to see us and so he told us not to make ourselves at all uneasy about that, for what he had done had been for the pleasure of doing good, and he was very thankful that it had pleased God to bless his endeavours, but he never intended to charge us a farthing. Why, sir, this very kindness made us get better; and, then, when the good doctor thought we wanted nourishing food, which he knew very well we could not get, by reason of having been so many weeks out of work, he often sent us a meal from his own table; and he spoke to some of his friends, and they helped us too. So we had everything we needed while we were there-and our lodgings were paid-and our journey home-and something left in hand to keep us till we got up our strength to work. I am sure we are bound to pray, day and night, that God would

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ANECDOTE-LIGHT OF TRUTH.

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Why, they are going to elect an apothecary for the, and your friend, Mr. P., is one of the candidates. It is natural and right for you to speak well of the bridge that has carried you safe over.' I think with the saying, 'You may believe the good report of a grateful man,' and if those who are competent to judge, think as highly of Mr. P.'s professional skill as you have reason to do of his kindness and humanity, he shall certainly have my vote and interest."

"And may God grant success!" exclaimed the poor man, with tears in his eyes; "for Mr. P. will surely be a blessing to all that come under his care."

The incident decided my grandfather: his decision influenced others, and the election terminated in Mr. P.'s favour, the result of which fully justified the representations made by a grateful man. A good action," said my grandfather, when relating the circumstance, "is its own reward, and 'By courtesy to the meanest more is gained than lost.'"

Some people oppress the gratitude of those whom they have in any way served, or think they have served. Whoever may forget their good actions, they are never forgotten by themselves. They seem to fancy that they have laid the recipients of their favours under interminable obligations to surrender their free agency, and comply with the most unreasonable requirements. Or they will confer an obligation with the ungenerous purpose of extorting something in return which they imagine the gratitude of the person will forbid him to refuse. Or they will treat him with contumely, which, being under obligations to them, they think he will not dare to resent. Such people often got a sharp rebuke from my grandfather. "Don't," he would say, "upbraid the poor man with what you did for him, anno domini one hundred and one. They are mean folks who 'give a dog a bone to hold in his mouth, that they may give him a kick and he be unable to bite them.'

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ANECDOTE.

THE late M. Lafitte came to Paris in

1778, when the extent of his ambition was to find a situation in a bankinghouse, and to attain this object he called on M. Perregaux, the rich Swiss banker, to whom he had a letter of recommendation. This gentleman had just taken possession of the hotel of Mdl. Gurmard, which had been put up to lottery by that lady. He was introduced into a boudoir of the danseuse, then become the cabinet of the fortunate banker, and, having modestly stated the object of his visit, was told that the establishment was full, and advised to seek elsewhere. With a disappointed heart the young aspirant left the office, and while, with a downcast look, he traversed the court-yard, he stooped to pick up a pin which lay in his path, and which he carefully stuck in the lappel of his coat. Little did he think that this trivial action was to decide his future fate, but so it was. From the window of his cabinet, M. Perregaux had observed the action of the young man. The Swiss banker was one of those keen observers who estimate the value of circumstances apparently trifling, and in this simple action he saw the revelation of a character; it was a guarantee of a love of order and economy, a certain pledge of all the qualities which should be possessed by a good financier. In the evening of the same day, M. Lafitte received the following note from M. Perregaux:-"A place is made for you in my office, which you may take possession of to-morrow morning." The anticipations of the banker were not deceived. The young Lafitte possessed every desirable quality, and even more than was at first expected. From simple clerk, he soon rose to be cashier, then partner, then head of the first bankinghouse in Paris, and afterwards, in rapid succession, a deputy and president of the council of ministers, the highest point to which a citizen can aspire.—Gentleman's Magazine.

THE LIGHT OF TRUTH.

THE same light which shows the way for being eternally saved, lets men also see an exact and infallible method in all their concerns within time, and for such a conduct as they may "walk surely," by rule, and not at an adventure, for this end, the slighting whereof hath caused many with sore toil to "sow the wind" unto themselves.-Fleming.

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ENGLISH HISTORY.

QUEEN ANNE.

Blenheim House.

THE accession of queen Anne removed several points of difficulty, and gave satisfaction to many. Her father, James II., was dead. Some of his supporters doubted whether the pretender was in reality his son; and no oath of allegiance to him had been taken, and Anne was the next in succession to the crown. Even those who believed in the legitimacy of his birth, considered that Anne was not likely to leave any children, and that she would probably make his succession easier. All those who opposed James, and the pretender after him, admitted Anne's title, as a Protestant, to the throne. The death of William caused rejoicings at Paris and Rome, from the idea that the great stay of the Protestant cause was removed; but that cause had a Supporter far above any earthly monarch.

Anne was thirty-seven years of age when she came to the throne, good tempered, and popular in her manners, but weak minded and easily led. At that time, and long afterwards, she was enslaved by lady Marlborough. By a recent act, the parliament continued sitting; and the queen took the earliest opportunity, three days after her accession, on March 11th, 1702, of declaring her in

tention to pursue the same policy as king William, whom she spoke of as "the great support, not only of these kingdoms, but of all Europe." This was under the influence of the duke of Marlborough, who was sent to Holland to take the command of the English forces, to sign treaties of alliance, and plan for the campaign. His mission checked the regret at first manifested at the Hague, when the death of William was known. Louis attempted in vain to induce the States to give up their alliance with England.

The queen formed her ministry chiefly of tories: Rochester, her uncle, Nottingham, Godolphin, and others. Her husband, prince George of Denmark, was made high admiral. She was strongly prejudiced against the whigs. Marlborough did not care with which party he ranked, so that he had the power; and he supported the war, from which he expected to gain wealth and honour. Rochester cared not for the war; but if it proceeded, he desired naval rather than military operations, and pressed violent measures at home which were found impracticable. This ended in his speedy retirement; the high-church party regarding him as a martyr to their cause, which was supported by the majority of the parliament.

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