and Western Africa; their avenues of trade and articles of commerce; the present state of the slave-trade; the influence of colònies on that traffic, and on efforts to enlighten and elevate the native tribes; the modes of life, superstitions, forms of trial and punishment, and religious rites and usages of the natives. The fact, that most writers on the Navy of the United States have been so connected with that branch of service as to cause some delicacy and restraint in speaking freely of existing abuses, has led the author to attempt, in a kind, but faithful manner, to present such defects as attracted his own attention, and have also caused deep regret to wise and good men who have been long in the Navy. In speaking of the vices of common seamen, the author has wished in some degree to disabuse the public mind of those impressions, that have been made by inflated and injudicious eulogies on the noble traits of seamen, which have lessened and misdirected public sympathy in their behalf, by wholly or in part concealing the deep moral degradation which often marks their character, and presenting them, rather as objects of admiration and envy, than of commiseration and relief. Many of those most actively engaged in benevolent efforts for the good of common seamen, have, in a great degree, failed of securing the confidence and respect of intelligent shipmasters, and others familiar with this class of men, by the false and distorted views of their character, which, through ignorance or from interested motives, have been industriously urged upon the public. It is as true in morals as in medicine, that he who would rightly prescribe for any malady, should fully understand its nature and malignity, that thus the antidotes administered may be wisely adapted to the evil to be remedied. And now, gentle reader, wilt thou go with me in my wanderings, with the hope, that, thus doing, our companionship may be like that of the poet and his author, of which he thus speaks. “He travels and expatiates; as the bee From flower to flower, so he from land to land; Pay contribution to the store he gleans. He sucks intelligence from every clime, And spreads the honey of his deep research, FEBRUARY, 1842. CONTENTS. CHAPTER 1. VOYAGE FROM BOSTON TO GIBRALTAR. Paga First Impressions of a Man-of-War.- Vastness of the Ocean. - A Storm. A Hurricane. - Power of the Ocean. - Sail from Boston. Feelings thus excited.-Poetry.-Sea Sickness. A Wet Ship.Greenhorns. Marines. - A Commander of a Ship. - Peril at Sea. -The Ship strikes. Scene below. -Scene on Deck. - Narrow Escape. - Public Worship. - Golden Mist.-Speak a Ship.—"Land ho!"-Arrive at Gibraltar. 1 the Rock. - CHAPTER II. GIBRALTAR AND MAHON. Rock of Gibraltar.-Moorish Castle.-Visit to the Town.- Feelings thus excited.-Fortifications. United States Consul.- Strife of Tongues. Various Nations.-Jews. Visit a Synagogue.— Ascend Pleasant Companions. - Excavations. Meet a Friend. -St. Michael's Cave.-Signal House. - O'Hara's Folly.- Reflections. Exciting Scenes.- Sabbath at Sea. - Grandeur and Beauty of the Sea. Evening Scene. - Arrive at Mahon. -- Cholera. —— Quarantine. Rev. Mr. Jones. - Harbour of Mahon. - Fortifications. -Georgetown. - Mahon. Education. The Sabbath. Houses. -The Catholic Clergy. Geology of the Island. - Stone Walls.-Early and Latter Rain.-Famine.-Food for the Poor.- Great Suffering. Climate.- Scenery.Languages. A Spanish Friend. - Epistle of Severus. Early Conversion of Jews in Mahon.- Relics of St. Stephen.-Orosius.-Miracles. Persecution. - Results. Traces of the Moors. Agricultural Implements.-Smoking.- Butter and Cheese.-Catholic Bulls. Antidote to the Cholera. Visit to Mount Toro. - Donkeys.— Peasants. Dress and Manners. - Convent. - Friars. - Their Mode of Life. Neglect of Duty. - Morals of Friars. 18 36 CHAPTER IV. Few Changes in Spain. - Church and State. Policy of the Popes.- The Inquisition. - Traces of its Influence. - Chuetas, or New Chris- tians. Saracens and Moors. - Languages of Southern Europe. - of the Clergy. - Their Number. - Towns and Cities. Suburbs. - Saracens. Barcelona.- Its Founder. - Buildings. --Public Garden. Birds. Scenery around. Beauties of Spring. - Poetry. The Priests. Spain. - Face of the Country.- Sheep.--Condition of the People. - Inquisition. — Bribery. — Oppression. Scene at Sea. - Beggars; their Mode of Life, Sufferings, and Character. - Ecclesias- tical Reform. The Jesuits. Suppression of Convents. — Salaries. Number of the Clergy; their Income. - Lazaroni; their Number, Character, and Mode of Life; treatment of them by the French. - Hospitals. Maccaroni. Massaniello. -- A Night Scene.-- National Workhouse; its Form, and Expense of erecting it. --Internal Police. Schools. - Trades. - Catholics; their Doctrines, Ignorance, Re- ligious Rites, Books, Holydays, Bigotry, Law of Marriage. - Persecu. tion at Gibraltar. The English; their Character. Lord W.- Mr. F. Occurrence at Sienna. -- English Chaplains. Rev. Mr. Val- lette, Rev. Mr. Paxton. -Street Preaching. — Churches. - Scenery around Naples. - Street of Toledo. Clergy; their Dress. - Corpus Natural Scenery.-Vines. - Horses. - Bells.- Beggars. — La Cava. — Salerno. Buffaloes. - Pæstum. - Banditti. - Crosses Murders in - 82 |