NEW JERSEY.-Continued.

School-houses in, may be used for other than school pur-
poses, 61.

School month, length of, in, 80.

Corporal punishment forbidden in, 131.

NEW YORK.

Private boarding-school is not such a school as is exempt
in, 29.

District or neighborhood meeting, when not invalid for
want of notice, 65.

Trustees cannot employ relatives without approval of
voters, 68.

School month, length of, in, 79.

NORMAL SCHOOLS.

Establishment of, upheld by United States Circuit Court,
Eighth Circuit, 20.

Failure to mention in State Constitution does not amount
to a prohibition of, 22.

Оно.

Mere occupation is not occupation for literary purposes, 28.
School month, length of, in, 80.

PENNSYLVANIA.

School month, length of, in, 80.

POWER TO TAX FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES.

(See TAXATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS; HIGH SCHOOLS;
NORMAL SCHOOLS.)

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Provision made for, in Scotland, in 1616, 10.

Actually established in Scotland in 1696, 10.
Effect of law establishing, in Scotland, 11.

Some system of, in every great civilized nation, 12.
Objections to, 12.

Are powerful to uphold the law and protect the rights of
property, 12, 13.

Lord Brougham's opinion, 13.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.-Continued.

Daniel Webster's opinion, 14.
Definition of, 14.

Synonymous with "Common Schools," 14.
Fit object of taxation, 14, 15.

No restriction as to instruction in, 16.
History of, reviewed, in Michigan, 16.
Power to tax for, liberally construed, 18.
Provision for, in Massachusetts, in 1636, 18.

Provision for, in Puritan colonies in 1647, 19.

Remarks of Mr. Bancroft on the public schools of New
England, 19.

Not within national cognizance, 21.

Importance of, opinion of U. S. Circuit Court, Eighth Cir-
cuit, 20.

Exempt from taxation, 23.

"Public school-house," to be exempt in Illinois, must be
under immediate control of the school district, 30.
Ground for, may be condemned, 32.

Are a public necessity, 32.

Exercise of eminent domain for, is justifiable, 32.

(See USE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY.)

REGULATIONS.

By whom made, 89, 90.

By whom enforced, 90, 91.

Regulations as to admission, 91-94.
Admission to graded schools, 91.
Children of non-residents, 91.
Discrimination as to race, 92-94.
Regulations as to attendance, 94-102.

Regulations as to use of Bible, etc., 102–110.

Regulations as to studies, 111-113.

Regulations as to conduct, etc., 113–115.
General principle, 115-118.

SCHOOL DISTRICT MEETINGS.

Notice, time, place and objects of, 63-65.

SCHOOL OFFICERS.

(See UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION;
STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION;
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT; DIRECTORS, TRUSTEES,
ETC.; TREASURER; VACANCIES.).

SCHOOL PROPERTY.

(See USE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY.)

SCHOOL REGULATIONS,

(See REGULATIONS.)

SITES FOR SCHOOL-HOUSES.

May be condemned, 32.

School yard may be condemned, 32.

School districts are empowered by law to hold property for
school purposes, 32.

May be acquired by purchase, 32.

Contracts for, may be enforced, 33.

Officers cannot purchase, without direction of the district,
33.

Where acquired by deed or grant, great care should be
exercised in naming the grantee, 33.

STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Is highest officer in common school system, 43.

TAXATION FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Its origin and history, 9-14.

Measures for, in Scotland, in 1616, 10.

Is the most effective means of upholding the law, 12.
The source of the authority to tax, 14.

Is for a public use and purpose, 14.

Is constitutional, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22.

There can be no taxation in aid of a private school oper-

ated for individual profit, 15.

The policy of the law of Michigan reviewed, 16.
Grammar schools, high schools, and higher institutions
are proper objects of taxation, 16-22.

Power to tax for public schools liberally construed, 18.
(See HIGH SCHOOLS; NORMAL SCHOOLS.)

TAXATION, EXEMPTIONS FROM.

(See EXEMPTION OF PROPERTY USED FOR EDUCATIONAL
PURPOSES.)

TEACHERS.

Employment of, 66–88.

Parties to the contract, 66-70.

Directors or trustees act for the district, 66.

Contract extending beyond trustee's term of office, 67.
Who can contract to teach, 67.

A minor can contract when, 68.

Effect of minor's emancipation, 68.

Minor may put an end to contract, 69.

Minor may recover proportional compensation where
contract is put at an end, 69.

Minor's claim liable to set-off, 69.

No suit against minor for breach of contract, 69.
Married women cannot contract at common law, 69.
Married women enabled by statute to contract, 69.
Married women can contract in what States, 69, n. 3.
Directors' employment of each other void, 69.

Director's employment as teacher, where valid, vacates
the office, 69, 70.

Duties of teacher and director are incompatible, 70.
A certificate prerequisite, 70-73.

Circumstances cannot supersede necessity of certificate,
70.

In Tennessee commissioners indictable, etc., 70.

Certificate obtained first day, whether timely, 70.
Certificate made, but not delivered, 71.
Statement of good moral character, 71.
Certificate of a majority not acting together, 71.
Certificate issued without examination, 71.
Contract with teacher not having certificate, 72.
Where examiner refuses to examine teacher, 72.
School district cannot waive certificate, 72.

Citizen may enjoin teacher without certificate, 72.
County superintendent not entitled to an injunction to re-
strain teacher, 72.

TEACHERS.-Continued.

Spirit of the requirement of certificate, 73.

Certificate is prima facie evidence, 73.
Character of the contract, 74, 75.

Usually in writing, 74.

Where no written contract, teacher entitled to reasonable

compensation, 74.

Ratification of parole contract, 74.

Written contract presumed to contain all, 74.

Conditions of the contract, 75–81.

What the contract is, 75.

Contract is for personal services, 75.

Cannot substitute proxy, 75.

Abilities requisite, 75.

Industry requisite, 75.

Contract subject to statutes, 75, 76.

Clause reserving right to discharge, 76.

Stipulation that teacher will quit if school is not satis-

factory, 77.

Continuance in school after discharge, 77.

Power to discharge teacher, 77.

The word "month," how construed, 78, 79.

"School month" what is, 79, 80.

Holidays, what are, 80.

Holidays, whether counted, 80.

Contract to teach does not require the teacher to do

Janitorial work, 80.

Breach of the contract, 81, 82.

Effect of breach, 81.

What constitutes a breach of the contract, 81, 82.

Closing the school on account of contagious disease, 82.

What act of God excuses performance, 82.

Remedies, 83-85.

Remedy of board is dismissal, 83.

Teacher's remedies, 83.

Suit must be against corporation, 84.

Directors not individually liable, 84.

Teacher entitled to reasonable value where no contract, 84.
Reinstated, when, 85.