islands, it is navigable for boats almost the whole of its winding course of 200 miles, forty of which it traverses the Michigan territory. Its outlet is 200 yards wide. 2. Black river, the next to St Joseph's, rises near the sources of the Miami of the lakes, enters fourteen miles north of the former, with which it runs parallel about seventy miles. It is boatable nearly to its source, and has a communication with the St Joseph's, Raisin, and Grand rivers. 3. The next, which enters ten miles north of the former, runs a western course of about forty-five miles, and its outlet forms a capacious bay. 4. Barbue, which falls in a few miles north of the former, is nearly similar in its dimensions and course. 5. Raisin river, so called by the French on account of the great quantity of grapes produced on its borders, runs a western course of fifty miles, and discharges its waters into a bay sixteen miles north of the former. 6. Grand river, the largest stream which falls into Lake Michigan, issues from small lakes in the south-east corner of the territory, and runs in a west-north-west course into the lake, twenty miles north of the former. In high water, boats pass from one lake into the other. Judge Woodward, in his plan of internal navigation, recommends the formation of a canal, which might be executed at a small expence, between this and the Saganaum river of Lake Huron, with which it interlocks. 7. The Mastigon river has its source in ponds and marshes near the centre of the territory, and takes a westerly course into a bay of the lake, twenty miles north of the mouth of Grand river. The next three streams are White,

Rocky, and Beauvais rivers, which also run in a short westerly course to the lake, at the distance of from ten to fifteen miles apart. 11. St Nicholas, fifty miles long and fifty yards wide, enters the lake about half way between Michillimackinac and St Joseph's. 12. Marguerite, a fine boatable river, interlocks with branches of the Saganaum, St Nicholas, and Grand rivers. The other rivers are Monistic, Aux Sables, Lasiette, and Grand Traverse; small streams, which enter the lake between the straits and Michillimackinac. The last

forms a bay, twelve miles in length, and four or five in breadth, which stretches in a southerly direction from the upper extremity of Lake Michigan. Most of the rivers above described form basins at their mouths of two or three miles in diameter, of a circular shape, behind mounds of sand raised by the opposing force of the rivers and the surf.

Rivers of Lake Huron.-Chagahagun river has its outlet thirty-five miles east of the straits of Michillimackinac. 2. Thunder river falls into the bay of the same name. 3. Sandy river into Saganaum bay. 4. Saganaum river is boatable twenty-five miles, and runs from the centre of the territory into the bay of the same name, which is forty miles long, and from eight to twelve broad. Sugar river and other small streams empty themselves into the lake between Saganaum and the straits, or river of St Clair. This river is the outlet of Lake Huron, and is twenty-six miles long, and three quarters of a mile in width. It embraces several islands, and is navigable for vessels of twenty guns, except near its mouth, at St Clair, where

a sand bar leaves but six feet and a half of water. The river St Clair receives on the American side Belle rivière, or the Fine river, which rises near the sources of the Saganaum, and enters the lake nine miles below the strait. The river Huron, which rises near the source of the St Joseph's, and discharges its waters, fourteen miles lower down, into the same lake, is from sixty to seventy miles in length, and is navigable to a considerable distance. Eight or ten miles below Huron is Buttermilk creek, Tremblet, and other small streams. The Detroit river or strait, which is the channel of the waters discharged into Lake Erie from Lake St Clair, takes a south-westerly course of twentyeight miles. It is three miles in width near its mouth, and half a mile near its source, and encircles some islands. The current runs with a velocity of three miles an hour, but the channel is navigable throughout for large vessels. This strait receives1. The river Rouge, or Red river, which rises near the sources of the Huron river, forty miles north-west of Detroit, and runs in an eastern course to its outlet, five miles below this place; it is 600 yards in width, and forms a considerable bay. It is navigable to the distance of five miles for vessels of 150 tons, and for canoes and light boats thirty-five miles. 2. The river Ecorce, or Bark river, falls into the strait three miles below the mouth of the former. 3. Maguaga creek falls in opposite Grosse Isle, about a mile below the village of the same name. 4. Brownston creek enters opposite Malden, behind Bois Blanc Island. 5. Between Brownston village and the mouth of the Miami

Its ge

of the lakes are Little Huron river, which rises near the source of Grand river, and enters the lake seven miles south of Malden. It is said that canoes pass between these two rivers through a chain of ponds and marshes. Six miles farther south is Swan creek, or river Aux Cygnes; three miles from this is La Rivière aux Rochers, which furnishes several millstreams; and two miles lower the river Aux Sables, or Sandy creek, which runs into a bay of the lake. A few miles lower is the river Raisin, which is fortyfive yards wide at its mouth, and boatable to within a few miles of a branch of Black river. Fifteen miles from its mouth it receives the river Macon. Its neral course is nearly south-east; its branches interlock with those of Black river and the St Joseph of the Miami. The distance from the river Raisin to the mouth of the Miami of the lakes is eighteen miles, in which space several streams run into the lake. Le Loutre, or Otter creek, four miles from the former, on which mill-machinery is erected. Wappo creek, which enters about two miles north of the Miami bay. Swan creek, which rises near the source of Otter creek, falls into the Miami of the lakes, or Maurice river, four miles from its mouth. Miami bay, into which this river runs, resembles a lake, and is eighteen miles in circumference.

Extent of Navigable Waters.-Lake Michigan navigable 260 miles; Lake Huron, 250; Lake St Clair and Straits, 56; Detroit river, 26; Lake Erie, 72; Rivers running into Lake Erie, 175; Do. entering the Straits of Detroit, and St Clair river and Lake

100; streams running into the Huron, 150; streams running into the Michigan, 700. In all, 1789.

Islands. Among the numerous islands of the lakes and rivers of this territory is that of Michillimackinac, of an elliptical form, and seven miles in circumference, situated between Lakes Michigan and Huron, in the strait of the same name, which is fifteen miles long, and six broad. It has a deep and safe harbour. The fort stands on a ground 100 yards from the shore, and 150 feet above the level of the lake. This island is the place of rendezvous for the north-west traders. The winter here is very severe, and lasts during five months. 2. Grosse Isle, in the river Detroit, is five miles long, and from one to two wide.

Minerals.-The banks of Rocky creek, and other streams, are calcareous. On two branches of the Saganaum river there are salt springs, which, it is believed, will be sufficient for the use of the territory, and all the settlements on the upper lakes.

Forest Frees.-Apple, (crab-tree,) ash, prickly, white and swamp, basswood, beech, buck-eye, butternut, cedar, cherry-tree, cucumber-tree, elm, hickery, locust, black and honey species, maple, white and sugar, oak of different kinds, pine of every American kind, plane-tree, plum tree, poplar black, aspen; sycamore, white-thorn, black walnut, white-wood. Near the straits of St Clair are fine groves of white pine.

Or Great Turtle, from the fancied resemblance to this animal, as the island rises gradually from the circumference to the