with the common implements of husbandry. The Virginia Indians, once so numerous, are reduced to thirty or forty of the Notaway nation, who reside on the river of the same name, and about the same number of the Pamunkey tribe, who live on that branch of York river. Both are of a very dark complexion.

Of the Indians who inhabit different parts of the Country lying to the East of the Mississippi, and North of the Ohio Rivers.-By the treaty of Greenville, concluded in 1795, the general boundary line between the lands of the United States and those of the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanese, Ottawas, Chippeways, Pottawatamies, Miamis, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankashaws, and Kaskaskias, ran as follows: 1. From the mouth of the Cayahoga river, and up this stream to the portage between it and the Tuscarawa branch of the Muskingum, and down that branch to the crossing place above Fort Lawrence. 2. Thence westerly to a fork of the great branch of the Miami river running into the Ohio, where commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio and St Mary's river, a branch of the Miami, which runs into Lake Erie; thence westerly to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash; then south-westerly in a direct line so as to intersect that river opposite the mouth of the Kentucke or Cuttawa river. By this treaty these tribes agreed to sell their lands to the United States only, to seek no other protection; and having relinquished certain tracts of lands, manufactured goods to the value of 20,000 dollars were delivered to them, and they were ever after to receive similar articles to the amount of 9500 dollars yearly; to the

first seven tribes 1000 each; to each of the others 500; and the price of the goods was not to exceed the first cost in the port or place of the United States where they were procured. By a subsequent treaty executed in 1805, at Fort Industry, on the Miami of the lake, this boundary was extended. Wyandots.--In the year 1809 two tracts of country in the Michigan territory were laid off for the use of the Wyandots for the term of fifty years, and without power to transfer. One of them, including the village called Brownsten, of twenty-five houses, the other, that of Niguega, of nineteen houses. This tribe, which reckons about 1000 in number, including 300 warriors, having espoused the American cause during the last war, were obliged to retreat to Zanesville and Urbana, where they found protection and support. They have since returned to their villages. Shawanese.-This tribe, defeated by their implacable enemy, the Cherokees, and reduced to 300 warriors, or 800 persons, retired to the rivers La Glaise and Wabash, where they established their residence with the permission of the real proprietors of the soil, the Miamis and Wyandots. Influenced by the prediction of an Indian prophet, they took arms against the Americans in the late war, and shared the fate of the English army with whom they fought. Their chief town, called Kathtippecamunk, situated near the mouth of Tippacanoe river, had been destroyed by General Wilkinson in 1791. It contained 120 houses, 80 of which were covered with wooden tiles. The town of the celebrated prophet, at a small distance from the former, was destroy

ed by General Harrison in 1811, and has been since rebuilt. Pottawatamies.-Before the late war, this tribe resided chiefly near Fort St Joseph, situated on a river of the same name, which runs into Lake Michigan, on the south-eastern side. The number of persons was about 1200, of whom 350 were warriors. The Pottawatamies are the most numerous tribe in the state of Indiana, and now reside on the rivers St Joseph, Chicago, Kernomisi, and Theakiki. On the Elk Hart branch of the first they have five villages. By a treaty, concluded at Detroit in 1807, the Pottawatamies, in conjunction with the Ottaways, Chippeways, and Wyandots, ceded a considerable tract of country, lying to the west and north of the river Miami of Lake Erie; and principally within the limits of the Michigan territory. In virtue of this cession, the contracting Indian nations were to receive 10,000 dollars in money, goods, domestic animals, or implements of husbandry, and 2400 dollars, as a perpetual annuity. They were also to enjoy the privileges of hunting and fishing on the ceded lands, as long as they should remain in the possession of the United States; and to have the assistance of two blacksmiths, during ten years;-the one to reside with the Chippeways at Saguina, the other with the Ottaways at the Miami. Some farther cessions were made by a subsequent treaty, concluded in 1808, at Brownstown in the territory of Michigan. After the late war, the remains of the Pottawatamie tribe or nation, residing on the river Illinois, made a

*Western Gazetteer, p. 72.

treaty of peace and friendship with the United States, by which all former treaties, contracts, and agreements, were established and confirmed; and prisoners reciprocally delivered up. This treaty was signed the 18th July 1815. There is some affinity between the language of this tribe and that of the Chippewas. Delawares.-This nation, about 50 years ago, established themselves on the upper branches of White river, a branch of the Wabash, in the territory of Indiana, with the consent of the original proprietors of this country, the Miamis and Wyandots.. The Delawares are now reduced to about 1000, of whom 300 are warriors. * By a treaty executed at Vincennes in 1804, they relinquished to the United States all their right and title to the part of country situated between the Ohio and Wabash, and below the lands ceded by the treaty of Fort Wayne, and the road leading from Vincennes to the falls of Ohio. For this cession they were to receive an additional annuity of 300 dollars, and 300 annually for five years, to be exclusively appropriated for the purpose of ameliorating their condition by instructing them in agricultural and domestic arts. For this purpose, draft horses, cattle, hogs, and implements of husbandry, were also given to them, to the amount of 400 dollars.

The Miamis, Weas, and Eel rivers, reside on the borders of the Wabash, the Miami of the lakes, the

*The author of the Western Gazetteer says, p. 71, that he had no data for stating their numbers with accuracy, they are not

numerous.

The

little St Joseph, and the head branches of Black river, which is considered as a common territory. number of each, before the late war, was thus estimated: Miamis 1000, of whom 250 are warriors; Eel river 500, warriors 175; Weas 50, warriors 175. They are now reduced to 1100. Four of their towns, situated at the forks of the Wabash, were burnt by the troops under General Harrison in September 1813.* By the treaty of 1805, signed at Grouseland, these tribes ceded certain lands to the United States; and by a subsequent treaty, concluded at Fort Wayne in 1809, the Miami and Eel river tribes, with the consent of their allies, the Delawares and Pottawatamies, made further cessions, for which the Miamis received, as a compensation, an annuity of 700 dollars, domestic animals, to the amount of 500 dollars for three years, and the use of an armoury, established at Fort Wayne. The Weas received a permanent annuity of 300 dollars; and the Eels 350. At the commencement of the late war, these tribes had made considerable progress in agriculture; which they then abandoned for the chance of plunder among the neighbouring whites. These tribes have the same language.

Kickapoos.-This tribe, consisting of about 1000 persons, including 400 warriors, inhabit the country on the west side of the Wabash river, above Tippacanoe, and the head waters of the Illinois. † In 1809 they approved, by treaty, the cession of lands made to the United States the same year at Fort Wayne, in

* Western Gazetteer, p. 71. + Western Gazetteer, p. 71.

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