Senators and representatives are privileged from arrest, except in cases of treason, felony, or breach of the peace.

Bills may originate in either house, but may be altered, amended, or rejected by the other. Except revenue bills, must originate in the house of representatives, subject to amendment or rejection by the senate. Every bill must be read on three different days in each house, unless in case of urgency three-fourths of the house where it is pending shall see fit to dispense with this rule.

The style of the laws is, "Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly."

The house of representatives has the sole power of impeachment, to be tried by the senate.

Every bill which has passed both houses must be signed by the speakers of the respective houses.

By section 19 of article 3, page 323, it is provided: "The governor, for the time being, and the judges of the supreme court, or a major part of them, together with the governor, shall be and are hereby constituted a council to revise all bills about to be passed into laws by the general assembly; and for that purpose shall assemble themselves from time to time when the general assembly shall be convened; for which, nevertheless, they shall not receive any salary or consideration, under any pretence whatever; and all bills which have passed the senate and house of representatives, shall, before they become laws, be presented to the said council for their revisal and consideration; and if upon such revisal and consideration, it should appear improper to the said council, or a majority of them, that the bill should become a law of this state, they shall return the same, together with their objections thereto, in writing, to the senate or house of representatives, (in whichsoever the

same shall have originated,) who shall enter the objections set down by the council, at large, in their minutes, and proceed to reconsider the said bill. But if, after such reconsideration, the said senate or house of representatives shall, notwithstanding the said objections, agree to pass the same, by a majority of the whole number of members elected, it shall, together with the said objections, be sent to the other branch of the general assembly, where it shall also be reconsidered; and if approved by a majority of all the members elected, it shall become a law. If any bill shall not be returned within ten days after it shall have been presented, the same shall be law; unless the general assembly shall, by their adjournment, render a return of the said bill, in ten days, impracticable; in which case the said bill shall be returned on the first day of the meeting of the general assembly after the expiration of the said ten days, or be a law."

Section 1 of article 6 provides:

"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall hereafter be introduced into this state, otherwise than for the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted; nor shall any male person, arrived at the age of twenty-one years, nor female person arrived at the age of eighteen years, be held to serve any person as a servant, under any indenture hereafter made, unless such person shall enter into such indenture while in a state of perfect freedom, and on condition of a bona fide consideration, received, or to be received, for their service. Nor shall any indenture of any negro or mulatto hereafter made and executed out of this state, or, if made in this state, where the term of service exceeds one year, be of the least validity, except those given in cases of apprenticeship."

§ 111. Art. 1 of the constitution of Alabama contains a declaration of rights, as follows;

"That the general, great and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established, we declare

"That all freemen, when they form a social compact, are equal in rights; and that no man, or set of men, are entitled to exclusive, separate public emoluments or privileges, but in consideration of public services.

"All political power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority and instituted for their benefit; and, therefore, they have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform, or abolish their form of government, in such manner as they may think expedient.

"No person within this state shall, upon any pretence, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in the manner most agreeable to his own conscience; nor be compelled to attend any place of worship; nor shall any one ever be obliged to pay any tithes, taxes, or other rate, for the building or repairing any place of worship, or for the maintenance of any minister or ministry.

“No human authority ought, in any case whatever, to control or interfere with the rights of conscience.

"No person shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his religious profession, sentiments, or persuasions, provided he does not disturb others in their religious worship.

"The civil rights, privileges, or capacities of any citizen, shall in no way be diminished, or enlarged, on account of his religious principles.

"There shall be no establishment of religion by law; no preference shall ever be given by law to any religious sect, society, denomination, or mode of worship: and no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under this state.

"Every citizen may freely speak, write and publish

his sentiments on all subjects; being responsible for the abuse of that liberty.

"The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and possessions, from unreasonable seizures or searches; and no warrant to search any place, or to seize any person or thing, shall issue without describing them as nearly as may be, nor without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation.

"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused has a right to be heard by himself and counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and have a copy thereof: to be confronted by the witnesses against him: to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and in all prosecutions, by indictment or information, a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offence shall have been committed: he shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself, nor shall he be deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by due course of law.

"No person shall be accused, arrested or detained, except in cases ascertained by law, and according to the forms which the same has prescribed; and no person shall be punished but in virtue of a law established and promulgated prior to the offence, and legally applied.

"No person shall, for any indictable offence, be proceeded against criminally by information, except in cases arising in the land and naval forces, or the militia, when in actual service, or by leave of the court, for oppression or misdemeanor in office.

"No person shall, for the same offence, be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall any person's property be taken or applied to public use unless just compensation be made therefor.

"All courts shall be open, and every person for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person, or repu

tation, shall have remedy by due course of law; and right and justice administered without sale, denial, or delay.

"No power of suspending laws shall be exercised except by the general assembly or its authority.

"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel punishments inflicted.

"All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient securities, except for capital offences, when the proof is evident, or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

"The person of a debtor, where there is not strong presumption of fraud, shall not be detained in prison after delivering up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.

"No ex post facto law, nor law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall be made.

"No person shall be attainted of treason or felony by the general assembly. No attainder shall work corruption of blood, nor forfeiture of estate.

"The estates of suicides shall descend or vest as in cases of natural death; if any person shall be killed by casualty there shall be no forfeiture by reason thereof.

"The citizens have a right, in a peaceable manner, to assemble together for their common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of government for redress of grievances, or other proper purposes, by petition, address, or remonstrance.

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Every citizen has a right to bear arms in defence of himself and the state.

"No standing army shall be kept up without the consent of the general assembly; and, in that case, no appropriation of money for its support shall be for a longer