correspondence, where we discover, on all occasions, not merely great freedom and mutual confidence, but an indication that their friendship was far stricter and more intimate than would seem to be implied in their language. "We long to see you here," says the Earl, in 1679," and hope you. have almost ended your travels. Somersetshire, no doubt, will perfect your breeding; after France and Oxford, you could not go to a more proper place. My wife finds you profit much there, for you have recovered your skill in Chedder cheese, and for a demonstration have sent us one of the best we have seen. I thank you for your care about my grandchild, but having wearied myself with consideration every way, I resolve to have him in my house; I long to speak with you about it. For news we have little, only our government here are so truly zealous for the advancement of the Protestant religion, as it is established in the Church of England, that they are sending the Common Prayer-book the second time into Scotland. No doubt but my Lord Lauderdale knows it will agree with their present constitution; but surely he was much mistaken when he administered the Covenant to England; but we shall see how the tripodes and the holy altar will agree. My Lord of Ormond is said to be dying, so that you have Irish and Scotch news; and for English, you make as much at Bristol as in any part

of England. Thus recommending you to the protection of the Bishop of Bath and Wells, (whose strong beer is the only spiritual thing any Somersetshire gentleman knows,) I rest your very affectionate and assured friend."

Locke had from the beginning been afflicted with ill health; but in 1675 his asthma grew so troublesome, that it was judged necessary he should remove to a warmer and less changeable climate. He therefore crossed over into France; and on the way to Montpellier, which had been fixed on for his residence, kept a journal, in which he very minutely described whatever he considered worthy of notice. Some portions of this journal, after it had lain upwards of a century and a half in obscurity, Lord King has communicated to the public; and notwithstanding, nay, perhaps, in consequence of the extraordinary changes which have taken place in France, the interest of these specimens is so great that few, we believe, can fail to regret the not being put in possession of the whole.

From several parts of this journal it is abundantly apparent, that in all his travels nothing so deeply interested Locke as what concerned religion generally. Into the condition of the Protestants in France, exposed to the oppression of a persecuting government, and the wanton insults of an ignorant and bigoted populace, he also inquired

with persevering sympathy, and has recorded many curious facts, which ought not to be overlooked in a history of the church. It must at the same time be confessed, that even the Huguenots themselves were not wholly free from the persecuting spirit; for not long before Locke's arrival, an Arian was apprehended, seemingly at their instigation; and had he not, upon his trial at Toulouse, denied the truth of the accusation, and made profession of orthodoxy, would have been burnt alive.

The early opening of spring in the south, where he experienced considerable warmth even in January, seems to have afforded our philosopher very particular pleasure. Picturesque descriptions of external nature were not at that time in fashion; but his concise allusion to the beautiful orange-groves of Hyeres forcibly reminds us of the far more luxuriant paradises of Rosetta and the Land of Goshen, where the banana, the citron, the lime, and the orange, intermingle in charming confusion with the graceful palm and the majestic sycamore. "Below the town," says he, "the side of the hill is covered with orange-gardens; ripe China oranges in incredible plenty, sometimes nine or ten in a bunch. These gardens form the most delightful wood I had ever seen; there are little rivulets conveyed through it to water the trees in summer, without which there would be but little fruit."

Having remained fourteen months in the south of France, Locke proceeded, in March, 1677, to visit Paris, where he was treated with much distinction by the learned and the great. Here he continued until the July of the following year, when he again returned to the south; but, after a brief stay, finally quitted it for England; having been recalled, it is supposed, by his friend Shaftesbury, then at the head of the administration. However this may be, he arrived in London on the 8th of May, 1679, and for some time resided in Thanet-House, Aldersgate Street.

But that troublesome complaint which, in 1675, had been the cause of his leaving England, soon compelled him to quit London, and the ensuing winter was spent partly at Oxford, and partly in Somersetshire. Locke now entered deeply into the politics of the times, and being invariably ranged on the popular side, became exceedingly obnoxious to the court. Liberty, however, was unprosperous; and Argyle, Russell, and Sydney fell victims to their exertions in its cause; but Shaftesbury, after a very narrow escape, towards the close of 1682, took refuge in Holland, where shortly after his arrival he died. His body was conveyed back to England, and interred at St. Giles's in Dorsetshire, "where Locke attended the funeral of his patron and friend." In the August following, conceiving that he was no longer safe

in Great Britain, he also went into voluntary exile in Holland.

By an illegal order of the king, and the servility of the dean and chapter,-for the university itself seems to stand acquitted,-Locke was in 1684 deprived of his studentship at Christ-church. But this wretched display of authority could by no means appease the resentment of his majesty. Shelton, the English envoy at the Hague, was instructed to demand that Locke, with several other refugees, who were described as traitors and miscreants, should be given up to the royal vengeance; so that the author of the Essay on the Human Understanding was by day compelled to conceal himself like a brigand, and only venture forth for air and exercise under the cover of darkness. During this period he was engaged in writing his Letter on Toleration, a subject which had for many years occupied his thoughts.

In the meantime William Penn, and the Earl of Pembroke the same to whom the Essay on the Human Understanding was afterwards dedicatedexerted their influence to soften the rancour of James II., against the friend of Shaftesbury; but Locke was much too prudent to rely on the seeming forgiveness of a Stuart, and remained in Holland until the Revolution of 1688 rendered his return safe. He arrived in England in the same fleet that brought over the Princess of Orange; and was