The Psychology of Reading: An Experimental Study of the Reading Pauses and Movements of the EyeColumbia University Contributions to Philosophy and Psychology, 1906 - 134 頁 |
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常見字詞
accuracy Admiralty angular displacement apparatus apperceptive attention average duration average number beginning Chart comparison cornea corrective movements denote differences Dodge domineering letters edge eral evidence experiments exposure extent of movement eye movements factors fixa fixation pauses horizontal Huey inaccuracy interfixation movements larger number length of line letters lines Sp Rg long line longer line ment method motor habit motor innervation move newspaper column noted number of fixations number of lines number of pauses number of refixations number of words occur pauses per line peculiarities perception peripheral Petersburg phrases rapid readers rate of reading read per fixation reading pause records regressive movements return movement return sweep second fixation second reading short line arrangement short words spring pendulum steadiness subject H subject matter Table tachistoscope telegra tion uniform unsteadiness velocity vertical plane vibrations Vigo in order weao werq wopi words per fixation
熱門章節
第 46 頁 - ... from the end of one line to the beginning of the next, but writes them just below the rest of the word and draws a loop around them.
第 98 頁 - a wider 'spanning' of attention," shown in the frequency of long pauses at the line's beginning and in the fewer fixations per line, is found to be characteristic of the more rapid readers. "The slow readers have a narrower span or working extent of attention, and a greater total arc of movement." Both my own experiments and those of Dr. Dearborn indicate that there can usually be much improvement in the rate of reading. There seems to be a rhythm into which each reader ordinarily falls in ordinary...
第 37 頁 - if I could sing like that, how happy I should be!'' So he bowed low to the grasshopper, and said, " Kind friend, what food do you eat to make your voice so sweet?" "I drink the evening dew,
第 80 頁 - ... Finally, this expanding of the field of attention is made more frequently and with greater ease in the short line." In general, Dr. Dearborn thinks that differences in the rate of reading in the same individual and between different individuals depend "largely, when other conditions are constant, upon the ease with which a regular, rhythmical movement can be established and sustained.
第 25 頁 - The latter determinations were made on eight subjects and showed that "on an average consciousness can at one time grasp four numbers, three to four letters, two words, or a sentence composed of four words. The letters are slightly more difficult to grasp than the numbers, every combination of numbers making a number that gives 'sense.
第 73 頁 - ... evolutionary progress or vital motion, and (2) the origination or multiplication of species. The 'origin' of a species is not more evolutionary than any other stage in its history. The causes of the subdivision of species are not causes of vital motion; the two processes are quite distinct. The separation of two species is not a focus of the evolutionary problem ; it is a mere incident of developmental history. Segregation is the principle or active cause of the multiplication of species, but...
第 77 頁 - There was between them and my castle the creek, which I mentioned often at the first part of my story, when I landed my cargoes out of the ship ; and this I knew he must necessarily swim over, or the poor wretch would be taken there: but when the savage escaping came thither, he made nothing of it, though the tide was then up; but plunging in, swam through in about thirty strokes, or thereabouts, landed, and ran on with exceeding strength and swiftness. When the three pursuers came to the creek,...
第 71 頁 - ... apperceptive unit would place it now here and now there; however, Dearborn holds that this is by no means always the case, for the exact location may "in part depend on the more or less artificial peculiarities of spacing, punctuation, and the forms of letters in printing," and in part on the fact that "within certain limits the eye can regulate its positions in order to maintain its so-called 'short-lived motor habits'
第 37 頁 - On his way back he finds the horse looking over the fence, as if he were watching to see that the work is properly done. Then the gardener thinks of the thirsty flowers and gets his watering pot to sprinkle them. A tree...
第 37 頁 - An eagle flying through the air was wounded by an arrow from the bow of a hunter.