for the hardships she has suffered from these barbarians, and when I hope to succeed in ridding the world of a race of barbarians, that have been so long a scourge to her.

In the Camp of Semlin, on the 6th of July, 1788.

JOSEPH.

To Charles, Prince of Nassau, General in the Russian Service.

Mon Prince,-The first campaign against the Osmans is over; my armies, by the valor they have displayed, have increased their reputation, which even their enemies are obliged to acknowledge.

Chotzim has been taken by my excellent Prince of SaxeCoburg; Dubitza and Noroi, by the most celebrated Marshal in Europe. Sabatz has been obliged to open her gates to General Lascy.

In conformity with the plan of defence, the Generals operated at both extremities of the line of defence, and occupied a considerable part of Moldavia and Bosnia. I remained with the bulk of my army in the centre, and observed Belgrade and the Vizier.

The irruptions into the Banat of Temeswar were owing to a misunderstanding among the Generals who commanded the cordon on the frontiers.-This gave the Vizier an opportunity to invade the plain of Lugosch and to plunder. What advantages the inimical horde derive from that event!

After Chotzim had been taken, my armies and those of my ally spread themselves over Moldavia, and occupied Jassy. Prince Coburg went to Roman, and posted himself on the Sereth, as far as the frontiers of Transylvania.

When the campaign was over I regulated the winter cordon, and returned to Vienna, in order to make preparations for the second campaign. During these dispositions Oczakow was taken by storm. Potemkin at last gloriously crowned our enterprizes.

In the spring of 1789 the German army will be employed in taking Bender, and will proceed to the left bank of the Danube. On the right bank of this river I shall take Belgrade, and spread my army over Servia. The taking of Nissa, Widin, Serajo, and, up the river, Save, Berbic, Banjaluka, and Castanowitz, are enterprizes which will be completed in August. If the Vizier is to meet me, or the Russians, on the banks of the Danube, he must offer battle, and after he has been beaten, I shall drive him as far as under the guns

of Silistria. In the month of October, 1789, I shall order a congress, when Osman's people will sue the Giaurs for peace. The treaties of Karlowitz and Passarowitz are to serve my ambassadors as bases of the negociations, by which I will secure Chotzim, and a part of Moldavia. Russia will keep the Peninsula Krim; Oczakow will be raised, Prince Charles of Sweden will become Duke of Courland, and the Grand Duke of Florence Roman King.

There will then be universal peace in Europe. Till then France will have made arrangements with the notables of the nation, and—the other gentlemen think too much for themselves, and too little for Austria.

Vienna, January, 1789.

JOSEPH.

DELIVERED TO

THE CLERGY

OF

THE DIOCESE OF LLANDAFF,

AT

THE PRIMARY VISITATION

IN AUGUST MDCCCXXI.

BY

WILLIAM, LORD BISHOP OF LLANDAFF.

LONDON:

A CHARGE, &c.

REVEREND BRETHREN,

Ir gives me great satisfaction, that I am at length enabled to to meet the Clergy of my Diocese in the accustomed mode of Episcopal Visitation. I have long been anxious to discharge this part of my duty. But the course of public events has obliged me to postpone the gratification I now have, to a much later period than I had at first intended.

One advantage, however, has arisen from this unintentional delay, that I come somewhat better informed as to the state of my diocese, than I could have been in the preceding year.

respondence I have had with several of the parochial Clergy, and the official returns, but lately completed, by the rural Deans, have put me in possession of much valuable information. And although I still labor under some disadvantages incidental to a primary visitation, yet I feel myself not entirely a stranger among you; and I have no reason to doubt of such a favorable reception on your part, as may render our future intercourse mutually satisfactory.

I am happy, indeed, to state, even in this early stage of our acquaintance, that I find myself connected with a body of Clergy generally well affected to our Constitution in Church and State, attentive to their pastoral duties, observant of ecclesiastical discipline, and disposed to receive with kindness my endeavours to maintain that zeal and diligence, that order and decorum, in the discharge of their spiritual functions, without which the clerical character cannot be sustained with dignity or effect. Very few complaints have come to my knowledge of misconduct or neglect;

and if in any instance reprehension seemed to be called for, the purpose has been effected rather by amicable than by authoritative interference. Such, I trust, will continue to be the case, among those whom I shall ever be anxious to attach to me by ties of affection and good-will.

For much of the improved state of ecclesiastical concerns in this diocese, I am sensible of the obligations I owe to my immediate predecessor; whose vigilance and ability were successfully applied to the better regulation of several matters, in which some amendment had become necessary: and it will be no less my inclination than my duty, to carry on to its fullest practicable extent, what has been so auspiciously begun.

But, in common with your late Diocesan, I feel particularly indebted to that valuable body of Clergy, the rural Deans; by whose circumstantial inquiries into the state of the parishes placed under their respective superintendence, such full and (I doubt not) faithful representations have been made to me, of almost every town, village, and hamlet, as enables me, with comparative ease, to judge what improvements have been already made, or may hereafter be practicable, in points of real importance. Great too is the advantage I have derived from their personal and local knowledge, in contending with difficulties which I might otherwise have found insuperable. For the cheerful alacrity, and, in some instances, the laborious exertion, with which this assistance has been rendered, I am happy thus publicly to express my grateful acknowledgments.

Upon a comparison of the returns made by the rural Deans to my predecessor in the year 1817, with those made to me in the years 1819 and 1820, I observe, with pleasure, a manifest and still progressive improvement in several matters of general interest.

The churches, in most parts of the diocese, including (with some few exceptions) the chancels also, appear to have undergone very considerable repairs. The proportion of those now in decent and respectable condition is nearly as five to one; and of the rest several are stated to be actually under repair. From these circumstances, and from the assurances I have received of the commendable spirit that prevails among those upon whom the charge of their preservation devolves, I have no doubt that every reasonable ground of complaint is in a fair way to be removed.

Your attention, notwithstanding, can hardly fail to have been drawn to one evil, which, though less extensively felt in this diocese than in most others, is of too great moment to pass unnoticed; I mean the want, in certain populous districts, of additional accommodation for attendance on public worship. While meeting-houses for Dissenters spring up on every side, many of our own flocks are almost driven from communion with the Esta