SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

MARYLAND

Educate Your Child

In Your Own Home

Under the direction of CALVERT SCHOOL, Inc. (Established 1897)

A unique system by means of which children from kindergarten to 12 years of age may be educated at home under the guidance of a school with a national reputation for training children. For information write, stating age of child. Also ask for circular on Mr. Hillyer's new book "Child Training."

The Calvert School, 2 Chase St., Baltimore, Md. V. M. HILLYER, A.B. (Harvard). Headmaster.

MASSACHUSETTS

ABBOT ACADEMY

A School for Girls. ANDOVER, MASS. Founded 1828. 23 miles from Boston. General course with Household Science. College Preparation. Outdoor sports. Address MISS BERTHA BAILEY, Principal.

MASSACHUSETTS, Barre. ELM HILL A Private Home and School for

Deficient Children and Youth. Skillful and affectionate care. Invigorating air. 250-acre farm. Home dairy. All modern conveniences. Personal companionship. Health, happiness, efficiency. 70th year. Address GEORGE A. BROWN, M.D., G. PERCY BROWN, M.D.

Perry Kindergarten Normal School

18 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Mass. Mrs. ANNIE MOSELEY PERRY, Founder Prepares for Kindergarten, Primary and Playground positions. For booklet address The Secretary.

DEAN ACADEMY, Franklin, Mass.

52d Year

Young men and young women find here a homelike atmosphere, thorough and efficient training in every department of a broad culture, a loyal and helpful school spirit. Liberal endowment permits liberal terms, $325-$400 per year. Special Course in Domestic Science.

For catalogue and information address ARTHUR W. PEIRCE, Litt. D., Principal

MONSON FOR
ACADEMY

FOR BOYS

Established 1804. 15 miles from Springfield. An endowed school. Certificate privileges. Completely equipped athletic field. Modern dormitory. Gymnasium. Rate $450. Fund for boys of proven worth. For catalog address Alexander M. Blackburn, Principal, Monson, Mass.

WALNUT HILL SCHOOL

23 Highland St., Natick, Mass.

A College Preparatory School for Girls. 17 miles from Boston. Miss Conant, Miss Bigelow, Principals.

SHORT-STORY WRITING

A course of forty lessons in the history, form, structure, and writing of the Short-Story taught by Dr. J. Berg Esenwein, for years Editor of Lippincott's. 150-page catalogue free. Please address THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Springfield, Mass.

Dr. Esenweln Dept. 68 WALTHAM SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Boarding and Day School From primary grades through college preparatory. School building, gymnasium, South Hall for little girls, North Hall for older girls. 59th year. Address

Miss MARTHA MASON, Principal, Waltham, Mass.

THE MISSES ALLEN SCHOOL

Life in the open. Athletics. Household Arts. College and general courses. Each girl's personality observed and developed. Write for booklet. WEST NEWTON, MASS.

NEW JERSEY

KENT PLACE, Summit, N. J. A country school for girls 20 miles from New York. College Preparatory and Academic Courses.

Mrs. Sarah Woodman Paul, Miss Anna S. Woodman, Principals

NEW YORK CITY

The Scudder School

A Practical Finishing School for Girls and Mature Young Women Location overlooking the Hudson. Domestic Science. Tinely courses in home-making and in Woman's Work. College Preparation, High Class Secretarial Training. Combination schedules making ideal finishing courses. Gymnasium, swimming, rifle teams. Professional Physical Director. Address O. L. SCUDDER, Registrar, 316 W. 72d Street, New York.

FROEBEL LEAGUE KINDERGARTEN TRAINING SCHOOL

2-year professional course. Special courses in kindergarten, primary, and Sunday-school work. Students' Residence. Model Kindergarten and Primary Dept. Circular. Mrs. MARION B. B. LANGZETTEL, Director, 112 East 71st St., N. Y. C.

NEW YORK

NEW YORK MILITARY ACADEMY

Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y.

THE

THE STORY of this famous school is told in the illustrated catalogue, which will be sent upon application to the Principal.

Largest Military School in the East

CAVALRY, INFANTRY, CADET BAND (SPECIAL RATES TO MUSICIANS)

THE STONE SCHOOL

Cornwall-on-Hudson, Box 16, New York
FIFTY-SECOND YEAR

A School in the Heart of the Open Country. For Boys from 9 to 19. LOCATION: 50 miles from New York, 5 miles from West Point, on a spur of Storm King Mountain, 900 feet above sea level. Healthful, invigorating, unusually adapted to a sane and simple out-of-door life. WORK: Preparation for College or Business Life; recent graduates in 12 leading colleges. Each Boy studied physically and mentally to increase individual efficiency. Small Classes: A teacher for every 6 boys. ATHLETICS: Two fields with excellent facilities for all sports, under supervision; hiking, woods life, swimming pool.

You are invited to come and see for yourself. Catalog sent on application ALVAN E..DUERR,

Headmaster

HOOSAC SCHOOL HOOSICK

New York

A Church School For Boys Healthfully located in the upper Hoosac Valley among the Berkshire Hills. 13 miles from Williamstown, Mass., 30 miles from Albany, N. Y. Prepares for college and business life. Individual care given to each boy. Athletics, Football, Hockey, Baseball. Daily Drill in Military Exercises. Address RECTOR, REV. E. D. TIBBITS, D.D., L.H.D., Hoosick, N. Y. HEAD MASTER, MR. E. E. WENTWORTH, M.A., Harvard. School year begins September 25, 1918. VISITOR, THE RT. REV. R. H. NELSON, D.D., Albany, N. Y.

HALL

Vassar PUTNAM Preparatory School. Certificate privilege for all leading colleges. Special two year course for high school graduates. Music, Art and Domestic Science. Tennis, horseback riding. Sleeping porches. Separate house for younger children. Address Ellen C. Bartlett, A.B., Prin., Box 807, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

St. John's Riverside Hospital Training School for Nurses

YONKERS, NEW YORK Registered in New York State, offers a 3 years' course-a general training, to refined, educated women. Requirements one year high school or its equivalent. Apply to the Directress of Nurses, Yonkers, New York.

OHIO

OBERLIN COLLEGE

Henry Churchill King, President

A non-sectarian, co-educational college offering unusual advantages for study in either of Three Departments. College of Arts and Sciences Graduate School of Theology Conservatory of Music

Military Training is provided by a unit of new Students' Army Training Corps. Special courses in Physical Education are offered for both men and women.

Application for admission in September, 1918, are now being received. Students in College of Arts and Sciences limited to 1,000. Conservatory students limited to 400. For catalogue and Book of Views, address

THE COLLEGE SECRETARY, OBERLIN, OHIO.

DIRECT TESTIMONY

A member of the staff of The Outlook has received from France a letter from a young American soldier who a few months ago was employed in The Outlook's office as an assistant in the business department. While here he was quiet, unassuming, and as unbelligerent as one could imagine anybody to be. He prepared himself to be a Four-Minute Man and did good service by his speaking. He then tried to enter the aviation service, but did not pass the mechanical tests. Thereupon he enlisted in the Marines. In order to insure acceptance he took a course of physical training and underwent a slight operation. Now he is at the front. He has been over the top several times. He has been wounded, and he writes cheerfully about it as a matter of course.

Since his letter is a personal and a private one, we do not give his name, but his testimony as to the character of his comrades and his foes we are sure he would be willing to have recorded here. He says:

The French act like new men when with the Americans, and I take off my hat to the French Zouaves and artillery especially; as for the chasseurs and their quality," cela va sans dire."

I am getting slowly weaned away from giving the older Germans the benefit of the doubt. During the attacks they shout "Kamerad," and hold concealed a miniature pistol (two shots, built especially for that purpose), and when fire was withheld by us, opened up point-blank fire in a dropped-wrist fashion from on high.

There were many very young Fritzies (16) in the line, and they believed horrible treatment awaited them as captives, but the sight of double-quick steel coming caused a prayer-meeting session right there.... Best wishes to yourself and hope to get another crack at the Unspeakable Hun.

That testimony explains why it is impossible for Americans under certain circumstances to give quarter. And it also explains why there can be no end to this war until the men who fight thus treacherously, and who deny the validity of all law, are so crushed that for generations the world will remember their fate as a warning to the lawless.

THE PROCESS OF VICTORY

Exhilarating news continues to come from the western front. This is not because of any great conquest of territory from the Germans, but because of the continued progress made by the forces of our allies as well as our own-progress the more significant because it is steady. Since July 18 there has been no cessation of the offensive against the Hun. Whether it has revealed itself by territorial gains of large extent, or by the acquisition of important objectives, or by the subjection of German troops to destructive fire, or by the capture of prisoners and material, the mastery of Foch over Ludendorff has been clear. On the map the changes occasioned by the fighting between August 14 and August 20 look small. Compared with the offensives by the Germans in March, April, May, and June, what the Allies have accomplished during these recent days seems slight. In fact the achievement is momentous. The signs of it have appeared on the line from Flanders to Lorraine.

יי!

It seems hardly possible that only a few weeks ago we were all wondering where Germany was going to strike next and how firmly our armies could stand up against the terrific shocks of the enemy. Indeed, up to the middle of July the prayer in Allied countries was, "Hold, stand fast, they must not pass Now the whole question is, What will Foch do next? To what humiliation will he now subject the Germans? That change is what counts more than any markings on the map. It is no longer the German will but the Allied will that rules.

When, in their last offensive, the Germans came down to the

Marne, they threatened Paris, but they threatened something much more vital to Allied victory. They might have turned to the west toward Paris; but, in fact, they started to turn eastward. That meant peril to that line that runs from Rheims to the Swiss border. It is here that German territory lies nearest to the lines. Indeed, for part of the way the trenches cross territory politically German-in Alsace. Were the Allied forces once to start moving across that territory toward the Rhine in great power, and were that force ever able to reach and cross the Rhine, the end would be near. On the other hand, if the German Crown Prince's attack on Verdun or if his offensive reaching to the Marne had succeeded in attaining its object, there would have been an end to this threat against Germany and a long postponement of any such triumph over Germany as the Allies hope for. One thing that indicates the great change that has come over the situation since July 15 is the fact that that Alsace-Lorraine line is no longer threatened, but is, on the contrary, after a long period of inactivity, the scene of offensive operations against the Germans. And it is particularly gratifying that at this crucial place there are American troops, and that they have made a gain there which helps them open a way to a possible later offensive. From a point near the boundary between Lorraine and Alsace where the American forces made their attack and eradicated a small German salient the road runs to Strassburg. It is not fanciful to imagine American soldiers marching down that road some day.

The heavy fighting has been during these past days in the region that lies between the two now extinct salients in Champagne and Picardy, respectively. By capturing heights and strategic points Foch has threatened the German rear along the Vesle, and renders it impossible for the Germans to the northwest of Soissons to hold their positions without suffering disproportionate losses. It is not unreasonable to expect that before long the Germans will be behind both the Aisne and the Somme.

MAN POWER

Germany is now fighting defensively because she is losing in man power, while the Allies are gaining. How much she lost during these recent offensives of hers can only be surmised, but it is certain that her losses were enormous, corresponding to the recklessness with which she threw in masses of men in her effort to break through. She staked all on the success of those offensives, and lost. Now the single American division which was in France in March is succeeded by over a million three hundred thousand American soldiers. The disparity between the Germans and the Allies has been more than wiped out. It is clear that the Administration at Washington is determined to see that American troops shall furnish the Allies with an overwhelming man power. În a hearing by the House Military Committee concerning the proposed change in the Draft Law so as to include men from eighteen to forty-five, General March, Chief of Staff, declared his belief that with eighty divisions in France (the American division consists of forty-five thousand men) we can go through the German line and win the war in 1919.

With the proof before us of what the Allies can do, with such testimony as that of General March, there ought to be no question, and there will be no question, of the Nation's providing the men in abundance. General March says that the younger men make the best fighters and are not so involved in the Nation's industries that their going to fight would prove disrupting. It is clear that the draft age must be lowered as well as raised.

There are questions, however, that are going to prove diffi cult to solve. What is to become of universities, colleges, and

technical schools if boys of eighteen to twenty are drafted? If it is necessary to sacrifice our whole educational system to win the war, the war will have to be won nevertheless; but to take boys and young men out of our higher educational institutions and put them in the ranks is to make bad use of officer material, and what that means England learned to her cost. For the sake of our armies we must use our colleges, and it is evident that the Administration, and specifically Secretary Baker, of the War Department, recognize this, and will make provision for using the colleges as the Nation uses West Point.

STRENGTHENING THE RUSSIAN BULWARK

With the increase in Allied man power, what has Germany to offset it? Nothing, as far as we can see, but what she can get in the East-Rumania, the Ukraine, Poland, the Baltic provinces, Finland, and other parts of old Russia. True, this is not soldier material equal to the splendid men going from America to France, but it can be used to release German workingmen for the front, and can also be used as troops so as greatly to prolong the war. It is the duty of the Allies to help Russia resist the encroachments of Germany for the purpose of making

the Russians her vassals.

The faint-hearted who said that this could not be done, that we had access to Russia only through far-distant Siberia, and that to try to save Russia for liberty and democracy would be a waste of time, must find themselves surprised and pleased now at the news of these days. Not only is an Allied force in Siberia, but British and Americans are penetrating Russia from the north and British forces are marching up into Russia from the south.

Already the northern forces have gone four hundred miles from the Arctic coast. They have been welcomed enthusiastically by the populace, and they have made possible the erection of a new republic in northern Russia, with the long-persecuted Russian revolutionist Nicolas Tchaykowsky as President. And the British on the south are at Baku, on the Caspian Sea. The story of the march of these British from India by way of Bagdad will read, when it is written, like another Anabasis. Most significant of all, the Czechoslovaks are forming a Slav nucleus around which their kinsmen, the Russians, can rally for a new resistance to the Germans.

SLOVAK NATION

The British Government has now followed the French and Italian Governments in recognizing the Czechoslovak nation as a geographical, political, and military entity. This includes of course "the unity of the three Czechoslovak armies as an Allied and belligerent army, waging regular warfare against Austria-Hungary and Germany. Czechoslovak heroism, as well as the determination of the Allies to check pan-German ambition, merit this reward and distinction.

The Czechoslovaks are a nation 10,000,000 strong. Of this number the Czechs in Bohemia comprise about half and the Slovaks in Moravia (Austria) and in Slovakia (Hungary) nearly the other half.

From a standpoint of language the Czechs and Slovaks form one race; there is only a slight difference in dialect between them. The Czechoslovaks are an old nation. In the early Christian ages the Slavs emigrated northwestward from the Caspian Sea region; some went up the Danube Valley as far as the western confines of what is now Serbia; some settled what is now Poland and Galicia, and others, under Czechus, the leader of a particular branch of the Slavic race, went farther west and settled what are now the provinces of Slovakia in northern Hungary, Moravia, Silesia, and Bohemia in Austria. The whole forms a territory in shape like a rather fat Cuba. It has an area about the size of New York State. Germany lies to the north and west and Austria-Hungary to the south and east. Czechoslovakia is thus a Slavic wedge between German lands.

Its economic import is also of prime importance. Were it taken from Austria-Hungary, not only would a particularly fertile agricultural region be lost, but also one containing the Empire's chief coal and iron deposits and its principal manufactures.

The Czechoslovaks are a warlike people. They checked the

WHY THE CZECHOSLOVAKS ARE ON THE
SIDE OF THE ALLIES

Early in the sixteenth century the Turks threatened to engulf Europe. They did advance to the walls of Vienna. It was necessary to meet them with centralized power. This necessity induced Hungary, Austria, and Bohemia to unite in what was intended to be a free federation. Accordingly the states of the Bohemian nation conferred the crown, which was elective, on Ferdinand of Hapsburg, Archduke of Austria, afterwards Emperor Ferdinand I, who was at the same time elected King of Hungary.

But later, to the resentment of the Czechs, Ferdinand proclaimed his crown hereditary. There were consequent risings. In 1618 they began the Thirty Years' War by electing a Protestant prince as King in opposition to Ferdinand II, then reigning. At the White Mountain (1620) Ferdinand won and took terrible vengeance. He immediately beheaded 27 Bohemian nobles and exiled 659 others. He confiscated all their possessions. He called in adventurers and founded a new nobility.

Gradually the dynasty aimed at the construction of a single state with arbitrary government, despite the agreement by Austrian rulers to maintain Bohemia's external and internal independence. (That the Czech spirit has remained independent was shown when in 1871, alone among parliaments, the Bohemian Diet protested against Germany's annexation of AlsaceLorraine.)

True, Bohemia has its own provincial Diet, but it is far from having full autonomy. At the beginning of the war in 1914 the ringleaders in the Austrian and Hungarian Governments knew that the majority opposed the war. Hence the Vienna Government consulted no Bohemian Deputy or leader, and, to check outspoken opposition, directly war was declared it suppressed independent newspapers, imprisoned thousands of Czechoslovaks, sentenced many to death and confiscated their property.

This intensified Bohemian hatred of Austria, and in November, 1915, a committee of exiles in Paris demanded complete Bohemian independence. An immediate echo came from the American headquarters at Chicago of the two million Czechoslovaks in this country. At the head of the Paris Committee is Dr. Thomas Masaryk, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Prague, now in supreme command of the Czechoslovaks and probably to be the first president of the Czechoslovak republic. Dr. Masaryk is now in America.

After the war began thousands of Czechoslovaks, drafted into the Austrian and Hungarian armies, deserted. Other thousands surrendered wholesale to the Russians, beginning at the battle of Lemberg in September, 1914, and ending in July, 1917, in the Brusiloff drive in Galicia. Many of these Czechoslovaks were organized into small units of the Russian army.

Last March the Bolshevik Government entered into a treaty with the Czechoslovaks in Russia by which they were to be allowed to cross Siberia unmolested and embark for France. Some thirteen thousand reached Vladivostok, and many more were following, when suddenly, at the instigation of AustriaHungary and Germany, Trotsky ordered the Czechoslovak troops to be disarmed and sent to internment camps as prisoners. Austrian and German former prisoners along the line of the Trans-Siberian Railway, together with the Bolshevists, thereupon attacked the Czechoslovaks. Though loosely organized and poorly armed, the Czechoslovaks, angered at this treachery, struck back. They won-and especially because they had local sympathy. They took possession of place after place, indeed of most of the Trans-Siberian line, and when in June it was clear

that preparation had been made in Vladivostok against them, occupied that city.

They are the vanguards of a new Allied force. The war contains no more dramatic episode than the Czechoslovak salvation of Siberia and Russia.

THE FUTILE SUBMARINE

If the German Admiralty expected that by sending submarines over to the American coast they would accomplish any military results of importance or would injure the American morale, they must by this time have learned enough to convince them of their mistake. It is true the submarines are sinking some sailing vessels and an occasional steamer, and they may in the future get some large prizes; but our troop ships are going as usual and will continue to go as usual, and our commerce has felt no serious disturbance. One large tank steamer was sunk not very far from New York Harbor, and some of the crew were killed by the explosion; but even that steamer sank in such shallow water that it may be salvaged, it is said. The reports of these sinkings have not awakened even the interest of Americans. When it is remembered with what concern people near the coast regarded the possibilities of a raid by hostile vessels during the Spanish-American War, the calm indifference of Americans to the so-called submarine menace is the more impressive. The thoughts of Americans are directed, not to the things that are happening near by, but to the momentous events in France.

Ordinarily an exchange of loud billingsgate around the corner will arouse more excitement than the news of a riot in a distant city; but nowadays, in spite of their propinquity to our coast, the submarines are unable to divert the attention of Americans from the really great achievements in far-distant France. Where one's treasure is, there are one's heart and one's thoughts; the young men who have gone to carry their strength and skill and courage to the succor of liberty at the front are carrying the hearts and thoughts of their fellow-countrymen with them. The submarines over here simply serve in a mild way to do for us Americans what the Zeppelins did for the English. They increase our fighting spirit and our determination to do everything to make sure that the men who go over to France at the hazard of their lives shall obtain what they seek -complete victory over Germany.

We are sorry to have lent our support to the story, now said to be fabulous, of the gassing of a lighthouse and Coast Guard personnel by a submarine. If this story proves to have been a fanciful tale, however, it will not deprive the submarines of any of their discredit. The fact that a submarine sank a lightship is sufficient evidence of the piratical character of the submarine campaign without the support of any story of a submarine gassing a Coast Guard or lighthouse attendants. There is no question whatever that the German submarine is a lawless assailant of those customs and rules of seafaring life which have held nations of the world together in a common bond of civilization. Any story concerning submarine piracy is likely to gain credence because no story, no matter how extreme it may be, concerning the submarine piracy is essentially incredible.

GERMAN SELF-ACCUSATION

Germany's diplomatic system has been subjected to severe criticism in the well-known liberal "Frankfurter Zeitung.” It says:

When foreign countries see several persons with great influence upon the state pursuing in this country policies quite at variance; when' they see that the intention of one side is openly opposed by another; when every declaration of those governing is immediately half recalled by a subsequent statement and a jangling dispute rages in the newspapers regarding the interpretations of it, then the world must assuredly come to the conclusion that the German political system is false. That, we believe, is the main reason why we do not attain peace. Our declarations receive no credit. There is only one means of reforming our foreign policy. It consists in reforming our internal policy.

On this same subject Dr. Mühlon, former Director of the Krupp Works, already well known by his striking revelations

concerning the German war preparations in the summer of 1914, writes as follows in " Die Friedenswarte:"

On Germany lies the greatest blame, not only for starting this war, but also for the way it is conducted. There can be no two opinions about that, and only by admitting her guilt can Germany again bring order into the present chaos which threatens to lead her on to destruction.

How can this be brought about? asks Dr. Mühlon. Only by a general awakening of the nation, he replies. Evidence of any real change in the nation's life will be seen when a new course is intrusted to new leaders.

SOLDIERS' MAIL DELAY

Letters addressed to our soldiers abroad are despatched by the Post Office Department, so it asserts, without avoidable Before delay. There is of course necessary delay nowadays. the war mail boats went to Europe in from five to ten days, but now many boats carrying the mail go with convoy, and that often delays the trip to a fortnight, or even longer. This, however, does not excuse the non-delivery of letters which have already arrived in Europe. The distribution and handling of the soldiers' mail abroad is now under the charge of the War Department. A friend of The Outlook who recently returned from France reported that, so far as he could see, there was about one postal agent to every twelve thousand soldiers.

This might explain some of the delay in receiving_mail reported in the United States Senate on August 1 by Mr. Johnson, of California. We infer that he spoke of his son in saying: When a boy over there, three thousand miles from home, finds day after day that there is no mail for him, even though the mail comes in and letters have been written to him, it is the cruelest thing you can do to that lad.

I speak from personal experience with at least one soldier in France. I say to you that he did not receive a single letter in a month from his people, yet they wrote to him four times a week. He cabled in distress to know what had happened to his people at home.

I bered. He received one in six of mine. I received one in four of his. That has been the situation since last March.

say to you that the letters that passed between us are num

This elicited a number of confirmatory letters to Senator Johnson, which on August 5 he read to the Senate. A letter from Pennsylvania said that a soldier had left Newport News on May 8, since which date five letters per week had been mailed to him, and yet he had received but six letters. A letter from South Carolina reported a soldier as sailing early in May, and yet on July 12 he was still waiting for a letter, though his family had written regularly. Another letter stated that sixty letters had been forwarded to a soldier in a Massachusetts regiment since March, and yet by June 15 but two of them had been received. A letter from West Virginia reported no answers at all to letters written, and asks: "Where does this back to the writer, as it is always sent in return envelopes?" undelivered mail go to? If not delivered, why does it not come There were other similar letters.

Mr. Otto Kahn, who, though born in Germany, is a true American patriot, upon his recent return from France wrote to Senator Johnson as follows:

No one who has not been with our Army abroad can appreciate what it means to those splendid fellows, uncomplaining as they are, under any and all unavoidable hardships and privations, to receive letters from home, and to feel that their own letters reach their destination with reasonable promptness and regularity.

The ever-present feeling of the long distance separating them from home is perhaps the one which is hardest for them to get accustomed to and to overcome. It has been made touchingly manifest to me in many instances. No remedy is more efficacious against what the Germans call Heimweh (there is no equally descriptive word in the English language the literal translation being "ache for home ") than frequent and reasonably speedy intercourse by letter. Our boys are acting and behaving so magnificently that the very least we can do is to spare them avoidable hardships and heartburnings.

We trust that the War Department has already speeded up