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some gratification to 'gentle readers:' for readers there still are, who, having escaped the epidemic disease of criticism, are willing to be pleased, and grateful to those from whose writings they derive amusement or instruction.”

He has also defended the general practice of publishing poems of this degree of merit in another part of his discourse:

We have been much pleased with the following lyrical effusion:

"Hark! hark! sweetly the nightingale

Sings, as the moon's peeping over the mountain;
Hark! hark! through the soft evening gale,
How her notes swell from the tree by the fountain;
Her coming is cheering,

"The benevolent persons who patronized Stephen Duck, did it, not with the hope of rearing a great poet, but for Sweet the sake of placing a worthy man in a station more suited to his intellectual endowments, than that in which he was born. Bryant was befriended in a manner not dissimilar, for the same reason. In the cases of Woodhouse and Ann Yearsley, the intention was to better their condition in their own way of life. The Woodstock shoemaker was chiefly indebted for the patronage which he received, to Thomas Warton's good nature; for my predecessor Warton was the best-natured man that ever wore a great wig. My motives for bringing forward the present attempts in verse have already been explained.”

The summer is nearing,

nature is smiling, and spring warmly glowing,
And early to greet them,

My love and I'll meet them
Adown in the vale where the primrose is blowing.
"Hark! hark! still hear the nightingale
Sing, on the lake as the moon's brightly beaming;
Hark! hark! now her notes on the gale
Come from the dell where the water is streaming;
The verdure is springing,
The airy choir singing,

The flowers will bloom and their fragrance be shedding,
Arise, nor be loathful,
Ye sleepy and slothful,
And view, when the morn beams, the sweets that are
spreading.

In these views we most cordially coincide. The cul-
tivation of their intellectual faculties has been recom-
mended to the poorer classes too exclusively as a means
of increasing their wealth, and raising them to a higher
rank in society. To the power which knowledge and
taste possess to communicate happiness in every situation,
but too little attention has been paid. We regard this
book as a proof how far mental refinement may be carried
even in the humblest station, increasing instead of dimi-
nishing its possessor's contentment with his lot, and in All nature's expanding in beauty and order;
no way interfering with the discharge of his duties.
this point of view it affords a useful lesson to those who
are of the same rank as John Jones, while it may serve
to allay what a late statesman would have termed the
"hydrophobia of education," so prevalent in certain
quarters.

"Hark! hark! still sings the nightingale,
Whilst a dark cloud is the moon's rays confining;
Hark! hark! now her voice on the gale
Comes from the brake where the woodbine's entwining;
The summer is coming,

In

We do not think Jones much of a poet, but he is a man of fine moral feeling, and good taste, possessed of no mean powers of expression and versification. He has himself apologised well and artlessly for any defects of his book:

"Poor rugged offspring of my humble Muse,
The world may spurn thee, and thy faults abuse;
For in thy progress not a peaceful hour
Had I to form thee, and no classic power;
Plain simple Nature, in her homely way,
With sudden impulse sung each artless lay,
To state her feelings, or express a thought
Of what her knowledge or her fancy caught;
No state of ease the hapless Muse enjoy'd,
The hands were busy, and the ears annoy'd

By those quick sounds with which the tongues are rife,
Of mortals bustling in domestic life."

The following passage is a specimen of descriptive poetry not unworthy of Crabbe:

"High shelving hills in daring forms surprise,
And shade o'er shade in proud progression rise;
Dividing those with gentle slopes between,
Vale vale succeeding variegates the scene

Of cluster'd fields, which teem with waving grain;
Meandering streams fast murmuring for the main,
And lawns and herds, the passing eye admires;
And village churches crown'd with humble spires,
And peeping cots with, pliant to the breeze,
The curling smoke ascending through the trees;
And orchards, ranged in uniform array,
In various tints their various fruits display,
And shallows oft admitting thirsty cows,
And staring cow-boys jerking awkward bows.

*

Athwart the stream, worn bare by winter storms,
Here cliffs arise in more gigantic forms;
Those tufts of trees in various shades surround,
And minor rocks in many forms abound;
Some from their beds in rugged shape emerge,
And some with foliage crowding on the verge;
Round others torn with elemental strife
Some old trees' roots are creeping after life,
Which still they find, though mortals marvel how,
And shed a few gay branches o'er the brow."

The insects are humming,

My love and I'll wander
Where streamlets meander,

And where the blue violets bloom on their border."

There is a homely heartiness about the verses on the
death of Gaffer Gun that reminds us of Holcroft's beau-
tiful little poem entitled, "Gaffer Gray."
"Poor old Gaffer Gun,
Thy labour is done,

The sod thou shalt sever no more;
Thy doublet and flail

Are hung on a nail,

But the corn's left undress'd on the floor.

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"And when to be tried,
Soul and body divide,

May thy sins be, as chaff, lightly driven;
But as grain, bright and sound,

May thy spirit be found,

And 'twill meet a good market in Heaven."

Of Southey's introductory essay, we need only say, that as there is no subject to which he cannot lend a new charm from his graceful manner of treating it, so it was to be expected that he would eminently succeed in one so much to his taste as the present. A melancholy interest attaches to the narratives of Stephen Duck and Anne Yearsley. But by far the most attractive of Southey's heroes are the bold roisterer Taylor, the water-poet, and the amiable Bryant-the first and last of the series.

In bestowing upon the Laureate this modicum of approbation, we must at the same time state the regret with which we have found sprinkled through the book frequent expressions of a somewhat testy disposition. For an amiable man Mr Southey is the most touchy that we know. He is sore all over, and you are continually fret

ting him unawares.
lacessit”—a kind of intellectual Scotch Thistle in the gar-
dens of Parnassus. We can enjoy a humorous remon-
strance like the following:-" The Poet Laureate is sup-
posed by many persons to be a sort of Lord Chancellor
in literature, a Lord Keeper of the King's taste, and to
have the literary patronage of the public, and the state at
his disposal. The appointment itself has not exposed me
to more sarcasms, as pungent as they have been new, con-
cerning sack and sackbut, than this opinion has produced
suitors to the High Court of Poetry, over which I am
supposed to preside. Know all men by these presents,
that the Poet Laureate receiveth no allowance of sack;
[the more's the pity!] and that any application to him
in that, or any other capacity, for poetical preferment,
from aspirant sons of song, might as well be addressed to
the man in the moon." We also have full sympathy
with his enmity to autograph-hunters. But such pas-
sages as the following are unworthy a man of Southey's
genius:" This book was noticed in the Monthly Review
with a better feeling than is usually found in periodical
criticisms." "Bad poets become malevolent critics just
as weak wine turns to vinegar." "I would have said
something here concerning the March of Intellect, and
the beneficial direction which might be given it by those
who are not for beating it to the tune of Ca ira," And
we may add the fling at Sir James Graham with which
the essay concludes. What is the use of breaking in
upon our inclination to be delighted by reminding us
continually, that the Laureate has had less than justice
done by some critics, and therefore feels sore; that his
moral lectures have been (too much) as the voice of one
preaching in the wilderness, that he is a soured and disap-
pointed politician?

He is a true "Nemo me impune an object in a great measure defeated by the watchful
jealousy of its government. Nevertheless, a considerable
mass of materials has been from time to time accumula-
ted by the labours of Messrs Crow, Ellis, Seton, and
Pottinger, Towards the end of the year 1827, the
author of the work now before us received an invitation
to proceed to the court of Hyderabad, on account of the
sickness of one of the principal chiefs. The intimate
footing upon which he was placed with that leader and
his fellows in empire, in virtue of his office of physician,
have enabled him to throw more light upon the nature
of their strangely constituted government than any of
his predecessors.

A Narrative of a Visit to the Court of Sinde; a Sketch of the History of Cutch, from its first connexion with the British Government in India till the Conclusion of the Treaty in 1819; and some Remarks on the Medica! Topography of Bhooj. By James Burnes, Surgeon to the Residency at Bhooj. 8vo. Pp. 253. Bombay. Printed by permission of the Government, for the Perusal of the Author's Friends. 1829. Edinburgh. 1831.

(Unpublished.)

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On the distribution of the Mogul empire into soobahs, or divisions, Sinde was attached to Mooltan. Upon the invasion of India by Nadir Shah, this province was ceded to Persia. After the assassination of that monarch, one of his generals laid the foundation of the monarchy of Cabùl, to which Sinde soon submitted, and has ever since remained at least nominally subordinate. The government of the district remained, through all these changes, in the possession of the same family which swayed it under the Mogul emperors; until the cruelties of the last of the race excited the Talpoors, a powerful tribe in the mountains of Belochistan, to revolt. Futteh Ali, one of the most powerful chiefs of the Talpoors, was called by the general voice to the direction of affairs, and was shortly afterwards confirmed ruler of the coun try by the patent of the King of Cabul. He admitted his three younger brothers, Ghoolam Ali, Kurm Ali, and Mourad Ali, to a participation in his high destinies, and the four agreed to reign under the denomination of the Ameers, or Lords of Sinde. While they all lived, the strong and unvarying attachment they evinced for cach other gained them the honourable appellation of Char Yar, or " the four friends ;" and this unparalleled form of government continued until the successive deaths of three of the brothers left the sole sovereignty in the hands of Mourad Ali,

Mr Burnes thus describes the impression left upon his mind by his first introduction to the court of Hyderabad:

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"The coup d'œil was splendid. I had an opportunity of seeing the whole reigning family at a glance, and I have certainly never witnessed any spectacle which was more gratifying, or approached nearer to the fancies we indulge in childhood, of eastern grandeur. The group formed a semicircle of elegantly attired figures, at the end of a lofty hall spread with Persian carpeting. In the centre were seated the two principal Ameers on their musnud, a slightly with flowers of silk and gold, the corners of which were elevated cushion of French white satin, beautifully worked secured by four massive and highly-chased golden orna

THE dominions of the Ameers of Sinde extend from the district of Shikarpoor, on the frontier of Cabûl, and the island of Bukkor, in the Indus, along the level plain, watered by that river, to the sea. It is bounded on the south by the British principality of Cutch and the Indian Ocean; on the east by the kingdom of Jessulmere, and the Registah, or Sandy Desert; by the mountains of Belochis-ments, resembling pine-apples, and, together with a large tan on the west, and by the provinces of Seewistan and Bahawulpoor on the north. The Indus traverses the country in a direction nearly diagonal; fertilizing the soil by its numerous intersecting branches, but frequently producing fatal diseases, by the swamps which its annual inundations create. The capital of Sinde is Hyderabad, situated about 130 miles from the sea, and containing 20,000 inhabitants. The only other city of note is Tatta, containing 40,000 souls.

Ever since the final occupation of Cutch by the British troops in 1819, the government of British India has been brought into close connexion with Sinde. The rulers of that country have evinced little cordial feeling towards their new neighbours. The Company's govern ors were forced, when engaged in the Bhurtpore and Burmese operations, to assemble large bodies of troops, to prevent the Ameers from taking advantage of the occasion to invade that province. And there is little doubt that the court of Hyderabad countenanced the Meeanah plunderers, who infested and devastated Cutch in 1825. It became, therefore, an object to obtain information respecting the constitution of this state and its resources,

velvet pillow behind, covered with rich embroidery, presenting a very grand appearance. On each side, their Highnesses were supported by the members of their family, conand the sons of Mourad Ali, Meers Noor Mahommed, and sisting of their nephews, Meer Sobdar and Mahoinmed, Nusseer Khan. Farther off sat their more distant relations, among whom were Meer Mahmood, their uncle, and his sons Ahmed Khan, and Juhan Khan. Behind stood a crowd of well-dressed attendants, sword and shield bearers to the different princes.

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"To an European, and one accustomed to form his notions of native ceremony by a much humbler standard, it dress, and the attention to cleanliness, in the scene before was particularly gratifying to observe the taste displayed in me. There was no gaudy show of tinsel or scarlet; none of that mixture of gorgeousness and dirt to be seen at the courts of most Hindoo princes, but, on the contrary, a degree of simple and becoming elegance, far surpassing any thing of the kind it had ever been my fortune to behold. The Ameers and their attendants were habited nearly alike, and plaited so as to resemble dimity, with cummerbunds or in angricas or tunics of fine white muslin, neatly prepared sashes of silk and gold, wide Turkish trowsers of silk, tied at the ancle, chiefly dark blue, and the Sindian caps I have already described, made of gold brocade, or embroidered

velvet. A pair of cashmere shawls of great beauty, generally white, thrown negligently over the arm, and a Persian dagger at the girdle, richly ornamented with diamonds, or precious stones, completed the dress and decoration of each of the princes.

"Viewing the family generally, I could not but admire their mauners and deportment, and acknowledge, that, in appearance at least, they seemed worthy of the elevation they had gained. The younger princes, indeed, had an air of dignity and good breeding seldom to be met with, either in the European or natiye character. The principal Ameers were the least respectable of the party in point of looks; probably from having had less advantages, and more exposure to hardships in early life. They are in reality older, but did not appear above the age of fifty, from the very careful manner in which their beards and hair are stained. With one exception, there is little family likeness between them and the younger chiefs, who have inherited from their mothers fair complexions, jet black hair, with long eyelashes and eyebrows. Meer Nusseer Khan struck me at once as a particularly handsome man.

"The general style of the Sinde court could not fail to excite my admiration, as much as the appearance of the Ameers. All the officers in attendance, judging from their dress and manners, seemed to be of superior rank. There was no crowding for places; the rabble had been shut entirely out of doors; and there was a degree of stillness and solemnity throughout the whole, and an order and decorum in the demeanour of each individual, which, together with the brilliant display I have mentioned, impressed me with a feeling of awe and respect I could not have anticipated. It is scarcely necessary, after what I have described, to say that their Highnesses received me in a state durbar. The native agent, who had accompanied the two last embassies from our government, was present, and assured me that the arrangements on this occasion, and the nature of my reception, were very different, indeed far superior to any ceremonial he had seen during a residence of twenty years in Sinde."

Mourad Ali, now sole sovereign of Sinde, is to Englishmen the most interesting of the family group, and we select his likeness alone from the series of family portraits with which the author has favoured us:

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"Mourad Ali is about fifty-five years of age, of low stature, and stout habit of body. His complexion is rather fair; and his countenance is the index of a sullen and gloomy mind. He is cold and repulsive in his manners, seldom relaxes into a smile, and never condescends to familiar conversation. His personal attachments are confined to the circle of his family; and whether it be affection which procures him their support, or a dread of his power, which induces them to accord it, at all events it is a cruel

and remorseless disposition on his part, and terror on that of his subjects, which enables him to sway the destinies of Sinde. Inconsistent as it may appear, this tyrant is at heart a poor hypochondriac, constantly haunted by the fear of death, and the phantoms of his own gloomy imagination. Some of his subjects deny him even the merit of personal courage, though such a supposition is highly improbable; but I have myself known him pass several sleepless nights, from a horror of the consequences of bodily derangement of the most trivial description maroqqa kiteV, VU ZE

"The prevailing feature of Mourad Ali's character is avarice; and he is ever too ready to sacrifice, for its grati fication, his own dignity, and the interests of his people. Seldom making promises, he even more rarely fulfils them; and altogether, his character may be summed up as that of a selfish and gloomy despot, an Asiatic Tiberius, or Philip the Second, ruling a kingdom by the energies of his mind, with none of the better feelings of the human heart. His resemblance to the former of these monsters is so complete, that I cannot refrain from adding here the words of the Roman historian, as equally descriptive of both :- Multa indicia sævitiæ, quamquam premantur, erumpere--seu natura, sive adsuetudine suspensa semper et obscura verbaodia in longum jaciens, quæ reconderet auctaque promeret.' In an Oriental government, the ministers are not unfrequently more important than their masters:

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"The Nuwab, Wullee Mahommed Khan Lagharee, is by the Ameers themselves termed the vizier of Sinde, and, next to the principal members of the Talpoor family, must be considered the most important personage under their government. Being himself the head of a powerful Beloche tribe, which contributed in the field to the elevation

of the present rulers, he has ever since been their faithful and able servant, and seems to enjoy not only the entire confidence of his masters, but, what is rare indeed in a despotic government, the esteem and respect of the people. He is the adviser of the Ameers in the management of the internal affairs of the state; and, by his adroitness and mild demeanour, has it often in his power, and seldom loses an opportunity, to avert or mitigate the effects of those shocks of tyranny and oppression which emanate from their durbar.

"A sincere regard for the interest of his masters has taught this old and respectable individual the necessity of maintaining a friendly intercourse with the British government; and it is to his advice I owe not only my visit to Sinde, but the wish of the Ameers to detain me. Wullee Mahommed Khan must have attained the age of seventy; and it is to be feared, therefore, that death may soon deprive the Ameers of their best servant, and the people of Sinde of their kindest protector. His son, Ahmed Khan, a dissipated young man, about thirty years of age, possesses none of the virtues of his parent.The Nuwab is a poet of no mean excellence; and, although his verses are filled with adulation, it would be unfair to detract from his merits on this account, or to condemn him for following the example of almost every Persian writer. He has composed also several large folios on the subject of medicine, gleaned chiefly from the dreams and theories of the ancients, but which, being supposed original, have gained for him the character of a sage in Sinde. Amongst his works, I must not omit to mention a small book on the cure of diseases, written in the name of Meer Mourad Ali, the merit of which is claimed by that prince.

"Meer Ismail Shah is the adviser of the government in its foreign, as the Nuwab Wullee Mahommed Khan is in its domestic policy. He is second only to the latter in the estimation of the Ameers, who, in addition to their religious reverence for him as a descendant of the Prophet, entertain an exaggerated idea of his judgment and experience. He is the son of a Persian, who emigrated, about fifty years ago, into Sinde, where he was attached to the last Caloras as a state-physician, and afterwards siding with the Talpoors, received employment in their service. Ismail Shah is well known as the ambassador to Bombay in 1820, when it was expected war would be declared between the governments. The hospitality he then experienced, and the munificence of Mr Elphinstone, formed the chief topics of his conversation with me; but it is notorious that he is faithless in the extreme, and not at all favourably inclined to the British interest. Meer Ismail is a man of respectable appearance and good address, about fifty years of age, has the silly vanity to pretend ignorance of the common language of Sinde, and never speaks or allows himself to be addressed in any other language than Persian. He has been occasionally employed at the court of Cabûl, where he informed me he was envoy at the period of Mr Elphinstone's mission; and he is, no doubt, thoroughly skilled in the system of intrigue and chicanery, so requisite in an Asiatic cabinet. He has several sons holding important situations under the government, one of whom was lately at Bombay as vakeel, and another is the representative of the Ameers at Shikarpoor. He himself receives a monthly salary of eleven hundred rupees as physician, which is the best paid appointment at Hyderabad; but his prescriptions are little attended to by the Ameers.

"A spirit of rivalry may naturally be supposed to exist between the two great officers of the Sinde durbar; and this is not confined merely to attempts to supplant each other in the favour of their masters, but extends to particulars which would excite a smile among European politicians. They are envious of each other's fame as men of science, and especially as physicians. Both are authors, and exceedingly vain of their own productions; and, without deciding here on their respective merits, on which I always evaded giving an opinion to themselves, I may observe, that the Ameers have shown a correct discrimination of character, in awarding to Ismail Shah the emolument, and to the Nuwab the reputation. In their moral qualities, they can bear no comparison. The Ameers repose implicit confidence in Wullee Mahommed, but doubt, with justice, the integrity of his rival. The former is upright and charitable, the latter proud and penurious; the one esteemed, the other feared; the Seyud owing his elevation and importance chiefly to birth and popular prejudice, and the Khan to a long life of fidelity and virtue, which, it is some credit to Sinde to say, have met their reward."

The people of Sinde are happily described by Mr observation, and of an enterprising and indefatigable Crow:

"The inhabitants of Sinde are a strong and healthy race of men, rather more fitted for fatigue than activity, and are mostly tall and dark complexioned. Those who enjoy ease and indulgence, are uncommonly corpulent, which perhaps their great use of milk disposes all to be. The princes are remarkably broad and fat, and many of the Beloche chiefs and officers of their court too large for the dimensions of any European chair. As rotundity is so much the distinction of greatness, it is admired as a beauty, and sought as an ambition; and prescriptions, therefore, for increasing bulk, are much esteemed. The Sindians in their tempers are proud, impatient, knavish, and mean. Placed between Muckran and Hindoostan, they seem to have acquired the vices, both of the barbarity on the one side, and the civilisation on the other, without the virtues of either. Their natural faculties are good, and their energies would reward encouragement, but their moral character is a compound scarcely to be described, and still less to be trusted; and fanaticism, superstition, and despotism, are debasing it more and more every day. There is no zeal but for the propagation of the faith; no spirit but in celebrating the Eed; uo liberality but in feeding lazy Seyuds; and no taste but in ornamenting old tombs. Their active diversions are shooting and clapping with their swords, to prove their temper, and the strength of their own arms. They are good marksmen with their matchlocks, and inimitably dexterous with the bow and a blunt heavy arrow, which they use for game, and dart in a transverse instead of a straight direction, so that the body, and not the point of the arrow, strikes the object. With these arrows they kill partridges flying, to the right and left, as surely and expeditiously as an European sportsman with a double-barrelled gun. All the princes are, from great practice, incredibly expert both with their guns and bows. In riding, and the use of the sword, the Sindians have no skill, nor have they any exercise peculiar

to themselves."

Mr Burnes thus completes the picture:

"Though the iron rod of the Ameers has repressed the daring spirit of the military classes of their subjects, and the general tranquillity of the province has left their energies | to slumber for a while, they may yet be considered as a body of marauders, ready to take arms for any cause which will afford them support, or which offers a prospect of plunder. Like hungry vultures, they would almost seem to 'scent the battle from afar;' for the train of dissension is no sooner lighted, than war becomes their universal cry; and it is incredible in how short a period they flock to their rendezvous. Sobdar's late insurrection was settled in the course of a few days, but not until twenty or thirty thousand volunteers had joined the different standards; and numbers were crowding in hourly when the adjustment took place. In the field, the Sindian soldier has no discipline; and as his pay is generally contemptible, and frequently uncertain, he conceives himself fully privileged to supply his wants at the expense of the villages on his march. He is acknowledged to be brave and hardy, but his reputation is far higher in his own country than anywhere else. His vanity and gasconading are proverbial: from the general down to his meanest follower in the camp, every man makes his own past and intended exploits, or those of his ancestors, the constant theme of his conversation and contemplation; and it is remarkable with what patience they listen to the empty vauntings of one another. The army of the Ameers, when collected, presents a motley and ill-accoutred assemblage of mercenaries from all quarters; and it is composed chiefly of adventurers, who have descended from the mountains of Belochistan, to one of the tribes of which, that of Rind, the reigning house traces its origin."

Besides the narrative of the author's visit to the court of Sinde, this volume contains a succinct and clear history of the transactions which brought the province of Cutch into the hands of the British; and some important information respecting the most prevalent diseases of that province, and their causes. Two lithographed charts accompany the work ;-one of the Delta of the Indusmore correct than any that has yet been published in Europe: the other of the province of Cutch-a reduced copy of a map compiled by the author's brother, from actual measurement and observation. Mr Burnes' work proves him to be a man possessed of accurate powers of

spirit.

The Marchmont Papers. By the Right Honourable Sir
London.
George Rose, Bart., M.P. 3 vols. 8vo.
John Murray. 1831.

THESE Volumes have reached us too late in the week to leave us time for a formal review. We extract from them some letters of the famous Duchess of Marlborough, which go far to vindicate that lady's head and heart from the aspersions of Pope.

"Sarah Duchess of Marlborough to Hugh Earl of Marchmont

"March 3d, 1742.

"My lord,—I give you many thanks for the favour of your letter; and it is a pleasure to me to find that you approve of my inclination in choosing a quiet life in the country rather than being at London. As I am of the simpler sex, and fourscore, I am sure I have nothing that can tempt me to change my inclination, since I can be of no use to any body; and though I know some that are very agreeable to converse with, the uncertainty of seeing them, from their own natural calls and my ill health, makes me choose to live as I do, till something unavoidable forces me to Marlborough House, where I cannot avoid many troubles, which very much overbalances the very few that I can hope to converse with. I am glad you had any success in the House of Lords; and as you are a very young man, it may naturally make you hope that things may happen to grow better: but if they do not, it is certainly right to do all in one's power that can contribute to it; but, for my own part, I think if we could get the better of the tyrants and fools that have so near brought this country to ruin, as history gives an account of the thirty tyrants, those that are honest would not be the better for it;-at least it appears so to me by all that has been done by the changes in the last scheme, when the patriots joined with the court. Much the greatest part of England are ignorant and poor; and it must be equal to them who governs. Those that have fortunes worth preserving are such knaves and fools, that to get more they have shown they will hazard the losing of all; however, think every man that struggles to oppose what is against both reason and the laws, deserves to be esteemed and praised as highly as even Mr Pope could do it. I think myself much obliged both to your lordship and to him for having the least thought of coming to see me; but at this time, as the gout, when people are old, does not fix in any one part, which, though very painful, it ends in giving you ease, mine is almost always upon me in some part or other, and gives me a great deal of uneasiness-so much, that I cannot have any pleasure in conversation; and, besides, my family is now in a good deal of disorder by having sick servants; but I think I am in no present danger of death; and when it does come, I hope I shall bear it patiently, though I own I am not arrived at so much philosophy as not to think torturing pain an evil; that is the only thing that I now dread-for death is unavoidable; and I cannot find that any body has yet demonstrated whether it is a good thing or a bad one. Pray do not think me wicked in saying this; and if you talk to Mr Pope of me, endeavour to keep him my friend; for I do firmly believe the immortality of the soul as much as he does, though I am not learned enough to have found out what it is; but as I am sure there must be some Great Power that formed this world, that Power will distinguish with rewards and punishments, otherwise the wicked would be happier than the good, the first of which generally gratify all their passions; and those that are most worthy are generally ill treated, and most unhappy. that, you know, I cannot possibly understand; but this I have tired you a great while with writing upon things truth I can assure you, that since I can remember, though I can give no account how it came to be so, I never feared any thing so much as to do the least thing that I imagined could possibly bring any shame upon me; and therefore I hope that for small omissions my punishment will not be go out of this world; and I think there cannot possibly be a worse place of any long continuance than this is at present. I am, with the greatest esteem and truth imaginable, your lordship's most faithful and obliged humble servant, S. MARLBOROUGH."

severe when I

"March 15th, 1742.

*

4

"S. MARLBOROUGH."

"Sarah Duchess of Marlborough to Hugh Earl of Marchmont.

if the chimney was on fire, and persuaded me to have it "My lord,-I have this day had the pleasure of receiving swept, which I consented to; and one of the chimneyyour letter and Mr Pope's, which gave me a great deal of sweepers was a little boy, a most miserable creature, withpleasure, notwithstanding all your jokes upon me. You out shoes, stockings, breeches, or shirt. When it was over, are pleased to call me the head of the school of philosophy, I sent a servant of mine to Windsor with him, to equip this and very obligingly press me to give you opportunities of poor creature with what he wanted, which cost very little, improving yourselves. I think you may very well give me not being so well dressed as the last privy seal.* And as I that title, since I immediately found out, that what you could not be sure the souls of these chimney-sweepers had desired of me was reasonable to think would fix me stronger come from great men, I could not repent of their being so This letter will be as long in my opinion, that there was nothing so good for me as much overpaid as they were. retirement; and if I could receive letters from you and Mr as a chancery bill; for I have a mind now to tell you, I had Pope, as you had leisure, I would never come to town as a new affront from our great and wise governors. Being long as I live. In that way of conversing, I should have quite weary of stewards and bailiffs, and likewise of mortall the pleasure that I can possibly propose, without the gages, where one must be in the power of lawyers, which I disappointment when Mr Pope falls asleep, nor the dread reckon a very bad thing, I had a mind to lend some money of your taking leave because you were weary. In this way upon the land-tax, thinking that would be easy and safe, at of conversing, I can make the visits as long as I please, by least for a year or two; and as it is free to every body to reading them over and over again, and, by staying here, offer, when a loan is opened in the common way, I applied avoid all that is disagreeable to my temper in London, to lend. Mr Sandyst refused it, and said, they would not where I must go in a very little while; and when I am take my money, if he could hinder it; and the reason, I there, I shall see you sometimes, uncertainly, which is not heard from a person of consequence, he gave, was, that I a delightful thing, for I cannot be of the opinion, that had spoke ill of him. This diverted me; for it is of very expectation makes a blessing dear; I think it seldom or little consequence the loss of so much interest, for so short ever pays one for the trouble of it; but I shall always be a time as in all probability I could have it. As soon as I pleased to see your lordship and Mr Pope, when you will have fixed the day for going to Marlborough House, I will be so bountiful as to give me any part of your time. In give my two scholars notice of it, whom I had rather see answer to the honour you do me in calling me an oracle, I than any body there; and am, with the greatest truth, your cannot value myself at all upon thinking, as I did, of some most obliged and most humble servant, that you were disappointed in, because for a long time I was so well acquainted with them as to know it would end as it did; for when any of my acquaintance has to my own knowledge done a very base thing, or a very foolish one, 1 never imagine such people are to be relied upon. As for "Wednesday, One o'clock. my dear friend Socrates, I believe we have no such men in this country; and yet I am not perfectly satisfied even with choly message your lordship sent me of poor Lord March"I am but just awake; and they bring me the melanhim; for I think, being unconcerned at dying was more reasonable at a great age, and being quite weary of the mont, which, as he has been so long ill, I am not so much world, which could give him no pleasure, no more than it surprised at, as I am sorry; and I really think, in so discan me, than for the reasons he gives for not complying agreeable a world as this is, since the stroke must be given with his friends in going out of prison, because he died acsome time or other, when it is over, it is better for those that are gone, than for friends that remain after them. cording to the law. That is just as if I, if I cared to live, should choose to submit to death, when I could escape, Your lordship will remember, that I had a great mind because the sentence was given by a majority of robbers, to accept of at my death, in my lifetime, which, I thought, once to have given you my legacy, which I had desired you who had broke the laws to condemn me; but, notwithstanding this, I like him better than any of the other therefore I dropped it; but now I hope you will not take was not improper; but I found you did not like it, and philosophers. As for his showing such spirits as heit ill, since I believe upon this sad occasion you may want did in the conversation, after he had taken the poison, I imagine that it was an easy death, that came by degrees; and he could talk, and died much easier than our physicians treat us, when they blister us, and put frying-paus upon our heads, after it is demonstration we cannot live. I find you are as ignorant what the soul is as I am. But though none of my philosophers demonstrate plainly that, I do think, there must be rewards and punishments after this life; and I have read lately some of my dear friends the philosophers, that there was an opinion that the soul never died; that it went into some other man or beast. And that seems, in my way of thinking, to be on the side of the argument for the immortality of the soul; and though the philosophers prove nothing to my understanding certain, yet I have a great mind to believe, that kings and first ministers' souls, when they die, go into chimney-sweepers. And their punishment is, that they remember they were great monarchs, were complimented by the Parliament upon their great abilities, and thanked for the great honour they did nations in accepting of the crown, at the same time that they endeavoured to starve them, and were not capable of doing them the least service, though they gave him all the money in the nation. This, I think, would be some punishment, though not so much as they deserve, supposing the great persons they had been, and the condition they were reduced to. What gave me this thought of a chimney-sweeper was an accident. My servants, that are very careful of me, were fearful that, having a fire night and day four months together in my chamber, thought I might be frightened, when I could not rise out of my bed,

The duchess herself, at her evening conversations, occasionally covered her head with her handkerchief, and was then supposed to be asleep. She was in that state one evening, at a time at which she was much displeased with her grandson, then Mr John Spencer, for acting, as she conceived, under the influence of Mr Fox, whose name being mentioned, she exclaimed, “Is that the fox that stole my goose ?"

+ Sie in origin. The sense will be right, if the word thought is omitted.

money immediately, that I offer to send you a thousand
pounds, which is half the legacy; and, if you please, you
may call it so much money lent, to which I can see no
manner of objection; and if it be of the least use to you, it
will very much oblige me, who am, and ever shall be, with
ful and most humble servant,
the greatest esteem imaginable, your lordship's most faith-
S. MARLBOROUGH."

Icones Filicum; or, Figures and Descriptions of Ferns,
principally of such as have been altogether unnoticed by
Botanists, or as have not yet been correctly figured. By
W. J. Hooker, LL.D., &c., and R. K. Greville,
LL.D., &c. Fasciculus X. Folio. Treuttel and
Würtz. London.

Ir was the opinion of Lady Mary Wortley Mon-
tague, after having familiarized herself with the beauties
who frequented the baths at Constantinople, that were it
the custom for ladies to adorn themselves in accordance
with the poet's imagination—which means, depriving
themselves of all adornment whatever in the vulgar ac-
ceptation of the word-the beauty of the figure would
An observation of the
captivate before that of the face.
same kind may be applied to the vegetable kingdom. It
is the general harmony of outline, the delicacy of colour,
the tracery of foliage, which pleases. The most glorious
corolla will not charm in the same degree if placed upon
an ungainly stem. Let us not, however, be misunder-
stood; we are not speaking of the peculiar beauty of
adaptation, which may influence indefinitely any or every
part of the vegetable structure,—and which must be ad-

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