Disability: lack of proper qualification
for office; ineligibility.
Dispensaries in South Carolina, 344.
Distribution of powers, 426.
District attorney, in State courts, 76; of
Federal Courts, 316.
District Courts of the United States, 315,
316.
District of Columbia, the Federal Dis-
trict, 261, 317, 365; slavery abolished
in, 433.
Districts, senatorial and representative,
85; judicial, 128, 129; Congressional,
231.
Division of the executive power, 308.
Dix, John A., 433.
Domain: the territory over which the
State or the United States exercises
authority; the public lands.
Dower: that portion, usually one third,
of a man's real estate which
widow is entitled to hold during her
natural life; or that part to which a
woman is entitled after the death of
her husband.
Dred Scott, decision concerning, 345,
429, 432.
Dual Executive, Calhoun's plan for, 415.
Dueling disqualifies, 140.
Dutch, founding of New York by, 398.
Duties: taxes levied upon imported ar-
ticles. Ad valorem duties are pro-
portioned to the cost of the articles
in the country from which they are
brought, as shown in the invoice.
Specific duties are proportioned to the
quantity of the goods imported. Du-
ties cannot be levied by a State, 166;
must be uniform, 248, 249; how col-
lected, 250.
Economic zoölogist, 106, 116.
Education, United States Commissioner
of, 300.
Education in Pennsylvania, early ideals,
187; historic sketch, 187, 188, 189, 190;
the unit of the system, 192; school
directors, 193; property, State ap-
propriation, expenditures, text-books,
required studies, compulsory educa-
tion, 187-198; high schools, 200-202;
training of teachers, 203, 204; cer-
tificates, 202; institutes, 206; higher
education, 210; supervising princi-
pals, 209; vocational schools, 209.
Election, districts and officers, 51; of
U. S. Senators, 93; of Governor, 97;
returns, 93; contested, 100; times of,
143; officers are privileged, 144;
counting the vote, 151; results of, 152;
primary, 159, 160.
Elector: a qualified voter; a person en-
titled to take part in an election. A
Presidential Elector is а person
chosen, by vote of the people, to elect
the President and Vice President,
276-281.
Electoral Commission, 284, 372.
Electoral Count Act, 410.
Eligibility: the state of being legally
qualified to be elected and to hold an
office; conditions concerning various
offices, 72, 86, 97, etc.
Ellsworth, Oliver, 352, 439.
Emancipation Proclamation, 344, 432.
Embargo: an order of the Government
forbidding the departure of ships
from the harbors of the United States.
Emigration, not forbidden, 222.
Eminent domain: the right to take
private property for public use, not-
withstanding the lack of the owner's
consent; State, county, and township
have this right, 17, 178; it is also ex-
ercised by oil pipe-lines and railroads,
181, 340.
Enacting clause, of State constitution,
217; of Federal Constitution, xxxiii.
Engineer, the city, 63.
England, new rulers-of, in 1688, 350.
Entering ships, 270.
Enumeration or census every ten years,
301.
Equalization of taxes, 167.
Equity: the giving to each man his due
according to natural justice and
right; relation to law, 368, 370.
Evans, Rear Admiral Robley D., 408.
Evidence that which is legally sub-
mitted as a means of determining the
truth of any matter of fact under in-
vestigation before a court.
Ewing, Thomas, Cabinet officer, 441.
Excessive fines forbidden, 342.
Excises, defined, 204; a source of Fed-
eral revenue, 204.
Execution: the carrying into effect the
judgment given in a court of law.
Executive, the Chief: an impersonal title
of the President of the United States.
Executive boards and commissions, 113.
Executive Department, of the State, 97-
117; of the United States, 274-309.
Executors: persons named in a will who
are to settle the estate of the deceased
person according to the provisions of
the will, 76.
Expansion, relation to the Pacific, 402.
Expenditures, National, 391.
Exports: goods sent out of a country in
the course of trade. No duties levied
on, 166.
Ex post facto laws, defined, 269; Con-
gress must not pass, 269; refer to
crimes only, 269.
Expulsions, powers of each house, 90.
Extradition, defined, 321; power to sur-
render certain persons belongs only
to the Federal Government, 321.
Extra sessions, of the State Legislature,
99; of Congress, 240; history of, 241.
Factory inspector, 109, 116.
Family, the simplest social unit, 11.
"Father of the Constitution," James
Madison so called, 437.
Federal: pertaining to or belonging to
the Union or the United States.
Federal Courts, jurisdiction of, 311.
Federal district attorney, 316,
Federal Government, outline of, 226-
227.
Federal marshals, 316.
Federalist, series of papers, 332, 369, 437.
Fees: compensation for official services,
usually fixed by custom or regulated
by law.
Felony any crime of a serious nature;
especially a crime punishable by im-
prisonment or death.
Feudalism: a state of society based upon
personal relations growing out of the
ownership of land. The term feud or
fief signifies the land which was held
on condition of military service.
Filibustering: a term used to describe
the use of obstructive and dilatory
tactics by a minority, in order to pre-
vent the vote on a measure to which
they are strongly opposed; bills de-
feated by, 244; counting a quorum,
385.
Fillmore, Millard, becomes President,
285.
Finances of the Federal Government,
391.
Fine: a payment of money imposed upon
a party as a punishment for an of-
fense; excessive, forbidden, 342.
Fire marshal, the, 62.
Fisheries, commissioner of, in Pennsyl-
vania, 115.
Fiske, John, opinion of, 352.
Flag Day, 405.
Florida, two sets of Electors in, 284.
Foreign postage, rates for, 255, 256.
Forestry, commissioner of, 115.
Forgery: the crime of fraudulently mak-
ing or altering any writing or signa-
ture purporting to be made by an-
other; the false making or material
alteration of any record or written
instrument for fraudulent purposes.
Forms of government, 14.
Fort Fisher, 408.
Frame of government, Penn's, 33; out-
line of, 34; that of 1701, 37.
Franchise a right or privilege enjoyed
by the citizen of a country. The
privilege of voting at elections is
called the elective franchise, 141.
Franchise tax: a tax assessed upon the
value of a right or franchise granted.
Thus a corporation may pay a fran-
chise tax for the right, conferred by
a city council, to operate a trolley
line upon a certain street.
Franklin, Benjamin, sent to England,
38; president of State convention in
1776, 212; in the Constitutional Con-
vention, 352.
Free coinage, defined, 391; of silver, 392;
of gold, 392.
Freedom, defined, 18; perfect religious.
35; elections free and equal, 219.
Freedom of the press, 219, 338.
Free School Act of 1834, 188.
Free speech, 338.
Free trade defined, 249.
French-Canadians, 399.
Fugitive slaves, laws concerning, 322.
Garfield, James A., a minority President,
284, 286.
General Assembly, first, 31; small power
of, 34; members of, as now consti-
tuted, 85; term of service, 86; ses-
sions, 86; salary of members, 87;
privileges of members, 87; organiza-
tion of houses, 87; forms of legisla-
tion, 89; when Acts go into effect, 94;
adjournment, 94.
General Staff, members of, 296.
Georgia, 267, 438; sued by Chisholm in
the Supreme Court, 343.
German immigrants, 398.
Gerrymandering, 232.
Gibson, Judge John B., 365.
Gladstone, a statement made by, about
the Constitution, 351.
Goethals, Col. George W., 428.
Gold certificates, 253.
Gold coins, denominations of, 395.
Gold, monetary value of, 395; amount
in circulation, 392, 393.
Government, defined, 14; knowledge of
necessary, 11; forms of, 15; object
of, 16; dependence of, 31; Penn's
frame of, 33; when free, 33; local units
of government, 38; types of local, 41;
elemental unit of civil, in Pennsyl-
vania, 45; decentralization of, 53;
threefold division of powers of, 82;
other features of State, 83; bases of
government in Pennsylvania, 212;
State constitutions, 214; the only
State at first establishing a single
House of Assembly, 215; the people
supreme, 216; constitutions a growth,
217; outline of Federal, 226; branches
of National, 227; receipts and expend-
iture of, 391.
Governor, powers of, under the Frame
of Government, 34; may call special
sessions of Legislature, 86; legislative
powers of, in Pennsylvania, 93; may
adjourn Legislature, 94; duties of, 97;
supreme executive power vested in,
97; election of, 97; cannot serve two
consecutive terms, 98; residence and
salary, 98; powers of, 99; messages,
99; office of, never vacant, 100; veto
power of, 100; appoints officers, 98,
108-115; requisition in case of fugi-
tives, 99, 321.
Grades of culture, 12.
"Grandfather clause," 347; in Louis-
iana and Alabama, 434.
Grand jury: a jury of not less than
twelve men, nor more than twenty-
three, whose duty it is to inquire into
accusations of crime and to find bills
of indictment if just cause exist, 120,
121.
Grand jury in United States Courts, 339.
Grant, U. S., did not receive third term,
276.
Great Law, the, 35; features of, 36.
Great seal, the, of Pennsylvania, 106;
keeper of, 102.
Greenbacks, facts concerning, 393, 394.
Greenback party, demands of, 394.
Gresham's maxim, 394.
Guam island, government of, 324, 404.
Guardian: one who has the custody of
the person or property of an infant,
a minor, or a person incapable of man-
aging his own affairs; appointed by
the probate or orphans' court, 370.
Guthrie, Mayor George W., 364.
Habeas corpus, "Have the body ": a
writ having for its object the bringing
of a person before a judge or court,
especially for the purpose of inquir-
ing into the cause of the person's im-
prisonment or detention by another,
with a view of protecting his right to
personal liberty, 130, 132, 134, 220;
Congress has power to suspend, 268;
suspension of writ by Lincoln, 268.
Hague Peace Conference, how disputes
may be readily settled, 416.
Hamilton, Alexander, broad construc-
tion of the Constitution, 263; relation
to "The Federalist," 332; famous re-
port on public credit, 390; other facts
concerning, 336, 352, 369, 440, 441.
Hancock, John, 439.
Harrisburg, capital of State, 98; other
facts, 133, 135.
Harrison, Benjamin, had less votes than
Cleveland, 372; other facts, 280, 284.
Harrison, William H., dies in office, 285.
Hawaii, facts concerning, 251, 403, 404.
Hayes, Rutherford B., became President
by decision of Electoral Commission,
285, 372.
Health, board of, 55, 62, 112, 162; town-
Henry, Patrick, opposition of, to the
Constitution, 262; other facts, 262,
High schools, value of, 200; how graded,
201; courses in, and State aid given,
202.
High Seas: the open sea; that part of
the sea not within the territorial limits
of any particular country, usually
distant three miles or more from the
coast line at low watermark.
Highway: : a road or way open to the use
of the public.
Highway commissioner of Pennsylvania,
salary of, 115; duties of, 173.
Homestead Act, 327.
Homicide: the killing of one human
being by another. It is of three kinds:
justifiable, excusable, and felonious.
The latter may be either manslaugh-
ter or murder.
Honesdale, first run of the "Stourbridge
Lion," 185.
Hongkong, Dewey departs from, 407.
Houck, Henry, deputy State superin-
tendent, 191.
Householders, rights of, 339.
House of Representatives: the popular
branch of Congress, composed of Rep-
resentatives chosen every second year
by the people. A corresponding
branch of a State Legislature.
under Representatives.
Huguenots, immigration of, 398.
Humphries, W. H., impeachment. of,
239.
Idaho, Chinese laborers in, 417.
Illiterate negro males, 339.
Immigration, 398; restrictive legislation,
399.
Immunities, of members of Congress,
241.
Impeachment: a charge or accusation
against a public officer for corrupt
conduct in office, 93, 100, 138; in Leg-
islature, 93, 100; in Congress, 238;
other facts, 138, 139, 239, 289, 387.
Implied powers of Congress, 261; Thomas
Jefferson's construction of, 263, 409.
Importation of slaves prohibited, 267.
Imports: merchandise brought into a
country.
Import taxes, 249, 270.
Impost: a tax laid by government on
goods imported.
Inauguration of President and Vice
President, 286, 287, 418.
Income tax: a tax levied upon income,
profits, etc., or on the excess of these
beyond a certain amount; used dur-
ing war, 249; the amendment, 442.
Incompatible, certain offices, 139.
Indians, untaxed, not represented, 331;
in tribal relations are not citizens, 346.
Indian Territory, 419.
Indictment: the formal statement of an
offense, as drawn up by the district
attorney, and found by the grand
jury. An indictment to be valid
must be indorsed "A true bill" by
the grand jury. It serves as a basis
for the trial of the accused person,
120, 121.
Individual rights enumerated, 16.
Individuals cannot sue States in Fed-
eral Courts, 343.
Industrial education, 209, 435.
Inflation, safeguard against, 254, 393,
394.
Information: a written accusation, pre-
sented under oath, by a district at-
torney to a court having jurisdiction
of the offense charged therein.
Information and advice, the Governor
may require from officers of execu-
tive department, 99.
Inheritance tax: a special form of in-
come tax levied upon property ac-
quired by inheritance or will, 168.
Initiative: the proposing of measures by
the popular voice. The right to in-
troduce a new measure in legislation;
as, the initiative in respect to revenue
bills is in the House of Representa-
tives. In Switzerland, the right of
petition has become the right of
initiative in legislation, 374-377.
Injunction: a writ or process, granted
by a court, whereby a party is re-
quired to do or to refrain from doing
certain things; generally the writ pre-
vents the action, although by no
means confined to that use, 370,
371.
Insolvency: the condition of one who is
unable to pay his debts as they fall
due. An insolvent person is said to
be bankrupt.
Insolvent laws: laws by which debtors
are exempted from arrest or im-
prisonment for debts previously con-
tracted, on condition of giving up ali
their property for the benefit of their
creditors. Insolvent laws passed by
States must not conflict with National
bankrupt laws, 252.
Inspectors, of election in townships, 46;
of election, how chosen, 52; of prisons,
80; of mines, 112.
Insurance, commissioner of, in Penn-
Insurrection, suppression of, 74; do-
mestic violence, 327, 417.
Intemperance, control of sales of liquor,
344.
Interior, Department of the, 300.
Interior, Secretary of, 300, 441.
Internal affairs, secretary of, 102, 113.
Internal revenue: that revenue which is
derived from taxes laid upon domes-
tic products, such as distilled liquors,
tobacco, oleomargarine, etc. It in-
cludes also the fines levied for vio-
lations of the internal revenue laws.
Sources of, 249.
International law: the rules regulating
the mutual intercourse of nations.
These are founded upon custom,
treaties, and the dictates of reason,
humanity, and utility. The sum of
the rules or usages which civilized
states have agreed shall be binding
upon them in their dealings with one
another. Matters relating to, under
control of National Government, 257.
Interstate Commerce Commission, 182,
251, 301, 304, 390.
Iowa, a famous battleship, 261, 408.
Ireland, immigrants from, 398.
Isthmian Canal Commission, 308, 324,
428.
Isthmian Canal Zone, 428.
Invasion: the hostile and forcible en-
trance of an army into a foreign
country.
Jackson, Andrew, did not originate
spoils system, 414; other facts, 330,
413, 428.
Japan, treaty with, 415.
Japanese cannot be naturalized (Mon-
golians), 251.
Jefferson, Thomas, elected President by
the House of Representatives, 282;
aided by the Senate, naturalized the
people of Louisiana by treaty, 252;
leader of the strict constructionists,
263; other facts concerning, 252, 276,
352, 384, 415, 444.
Jeopardy of life and limb: the peril or
danger of imprisonment, maiming, or
death. The cruel punishments which
dismembered the body are no longer
inflicted. If a man has been once ac-
quitted, he cannot be tried a second
time for the same offense, 219, 340.
Johnson, Andrew, impeachment of, 239,
387; succeeds Lincoln, 285.
Johnson, R. M., 283.
Joint rules: rules adopted by the Senate
and House of Representatives for
mutual convenience in the transac-
tion of business.
Journal, the minutes of the proceedings
of each branch of the Legislature, and
of Congress, 91, 242. These records
are very brief, and are similar to the
minutes of any ordinary society
The Congressional Record, printed
daily at the government printing-
office while Congress is in session, is
a verbatim report of all that takes
place in Congress. It is printed from
the shorthand notes of the official
reporters.
Judge-Advocate-General, 296.
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