1 term, 6 mos., 10 da.; 1897-01 Republicans {
3 y., 5 m., 20 d.; 1 term; '01-'09 Republicans...
John C. Calhoun. John C. Calhoun. Martin Van Buren. Richard M. Johnson. John Tyler.
George M. Dallas. Millard Fillmore.
William R. King. J. C. Breckenridge. Hannibal Hamlin. Andrew Johnson.
William A. Wheeler. Chester A. Arthur.
Thos. A. Hendricks. Levi P. Morton. Adlai E. Stevenson. Garret A. Hobart. Theodore Roosevelt. Chas. W. Fairbanks. James S. Sherman.
2 John Rutledge..... 1795-1795
3 Oliver Ellsworth.... 1796-1800 4 1745
5 Roger B. Taney.... 1836-1864 28 1777 1864 Maryland
Abolition of slavery, vote of the House, 344; in District of Columbia, 433. Accidents, railroad, 382.
Act: a decision of a legislative body; a law of a State, or of the United States. Acts of Assembly, laws of Pennsylvania are so called, 85.
Adams, John, chosen President in 1797, 281.
Adams, John Quincy, chosen President
by House of Representatives, 282; a minority President, 284; not popular, but nearly chosen in 1828, 413. Adjournment: the putting off until an- other day or time specified, or with- out day; the recess or interval during which a public body suspends its sittings or postpones business; power of the two houses in regard to, 94; of the Legislature, by the Governor, 100. Adjutant general of Pennsylvania, 108; of the United States, 296. Administration, defined, 294. Administrator: a person appointed by the orphans' court to manage and set- tle the estate of a deceased person. Admission of new States, 323; of Okla- homa, 419.
Affirmation: a solemn declaration, made
under penalties of perjury, by persons who decline to take an oath. Agriculture, secretary of, in Pennsyl- vania, 105; Secretary of, in Cabinet, 293, 301.
Alabama, limitation of suffrage in, 434. Alaska, District of, 324.
Aldermen in cities, 61, 64. Alien, defined, 19.
Allegheny, united with Pittsburg, 58. Allegiance to the United States, 349. Alliance: a union between two or more nations by treaty or contract, for
their mutual benefit; States cannot make separately, 271. Almshouses, 48, 80.
Altgeld, Governor of Illinois, 327, 416. Ambassador, 302, 303; appointment,
289; foreign received by the President, 289; represent the person of the ruler, 303.
Amendment: an addition or change made in a constitution or in a bill or other instrument during the process of legislation.
Amendments, to State constitution, how made, 222; recent, 223; to the Fed- eral Constitution, consent of Presi- dent not necessary, 290; how made, 328; exceptions to the power, 329; most important clause, 329; a wise provision, 337; first ten amendments apply to United States Government only, 337; approval voted not nec- essary, 345; three great amendments and reconstruction, 347; an amend- ment in process, 442.
Anglo-Saxon, division of power, 72. Anti-trust laws, power of Congress, 390. Appeal: the removal of a cause from a court of inferior to one of superior jurisdiction, for review or retrial; in Pennsylvania, 123, 134; manner of trial before the supreme court, 135. Appointment: the exercise of the power of designating or naming a person to hold office; Presidential appoint- ments very numerous, and constitute a very important part of his duty, 289. Apportionment, of the State by the Gen- eral Assembly, 94; of Representatives in Congress, 230.
Appropriation: a sum of money author- ized by law to be taken out of the
treasury, and to be applied to a special use or purpose; the setting apart of such money; must be made by law, 270; for army not to exceed two years, 257; committee on, 387. Approval, submission of bills for, not always necessary, 101. Arbitration: the settlement of disputed
cases by disinterested persons, 417; boards of, 418; of disputes among na- tions, 416.
Area, of Pennsylvania, 25; range of, in townships, 45; minimum, of county, 71.
Aristocracy, defined, 15; not permitted,
327; feared before election of Jackson, 414.
Aristotle, a saying of, 16.
Arizona, 324.
Arms, rights of people concerning, 221, 338.
Army of the United States, how main-
tained, 257; strength, 258; citizen- soldiery, 221; officers tried by courts- martial, 318; no impeachment, 261, 318; President, commander in chief, 257.
Arson: the malicious burning of any dwelling or building the property of another.
Arthur, Chester A., succeeds James A. Garfield, taking oath of office in New York, 286, 415.
Articles of Confederation, survivals from, 235; defects of, 274; a bond of union, 350.
Arts and Sciences, how promoted, 256. Assemble, people have right to, 221. Assembly, the first in Pennsylvania, 31, 34; the General Assembly, 85. Assessment: fixing or determining a tax; charging with any sum of money as a due share or proportion. Assessors, 49, 57; board of, 63, 363. Associate judges in Pennsylvania, 130;
drawing a jury, 122.
Assumption of State debts, 440. Atchison, David R., 414. Attainder: extinction of civil rights in consequence of condemnation for treason or other capital crime; bills
of, forbidden, 221; Congress cannot pass, 269; States cannot pass, 271. Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, 103, 113, 114.
Attorney-General of the United States,
succession to the Presidency, 286; duties of, 297.
Attorneys at law: persons entitled to practice law in the higher courts, 123. Auditor-General of Pennsylvania, 104, 113, 114.
Auditors, township, 50, 52; controller in cities, 61; county, 77. Australian ballot: a form of ballot in which the names of all the candidates are printed on one ticket, and the voter indicates his choice by cross- marks, 144, 145, 146. Automobile, licenses for, 173. Award, the decision rendered by the arbiters in a board of arbitration.
Bail, defined, excessive, forbidden, 220. Ballot, the "Baker Ballot," 144; details,
146; specimen, 147; counting the bal- lots, 151; boxes, 153; primary, 161. Banking commissioner of Pennsylvania, 110, 115, 178.
Bank-note, National, 394.
Bankruptcy, definition of, and laws con- cerning, 252.
Banks and savings institutions in State, 179.
Barbarism, state of, 13.
Battleships of the navy, 259; modern, 261.
Belknap. W. W., impeachment of, 239. Bill, defined, 91; how passed, 92; where it may originate, 92; for revenue, 92; duties of Governor in regard to, 92; mode of passing, in Congress, 243; how bills are sometimes defeated, 244. Bill of attainder: an act passed against a person, depriving him of the right to hold or transmit property, 221, 269, 271.
Bill of credit: paper issued by a State, on
the faith and credit of the State, and designed to circulate as money. Bill of indictment: a written accusation lawfully presented to a grand jury. Bill of rights, defined, 336; in the State
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