Schlössel; Goldene Krone. The waters are tepid, sulphurous. The town is a mile distant from the Baths; it is a good station for visiting the Sudetic mountains, at the head of which is the Schneeberg, 4412 ft. above the sealevel. 36 m. beyond Landeck, through Jawornik (a bad road), is the WaterCure Establishment of Vincent Priessnitz at Gräfenberg, a village in the Austrian territory, 18 m. from Neisse. 3 Reinerz.-Inns: Goldene Krone; Schwarzer Bär. A small town of 2100 inhab., surrounded by mountains. About a mile off, in a secluded valley, are some mineral Baths, not now much frequented. A few miles N. of Reinerz rises the Heuscheuer, or Heuscheune (Hay-barn, so called from its shape). A vast assemblage of detached masses of rock, many of them formed into the most curious shapes, from the sculpturing of nature, and named after various objects, to which they bear a very exact resemblance. The most perfect likenesses are those of a 'bear,' a 'camel,' a 'seal' (See-hund), a 'Moor's head,' and a 'laughing profile,' -all natural productions."-J. E. R. The highest point is the Grossvatersstuhl (Grandfather's Chair), 2800 ft. above the sea from it the Carpathians are visible. The key of this very curious mountain is kept at Karlsberg, a little village on the W. side of it. Good accommodation may be found at the new Schweitzer Haus on the N. slope.

Not far from this is the village of Albendorf, remarkable for containing a much frequented Pilgrimage Church, with several minor chapels and stations, ornamented with figures of saints, and rude paintings representing the history of Christ. In the printed descriptions of this town it is called a second Jerusalem; and in order to make out a resemblance to the real Jerusalem it has twelve gates; while a stream running through it is called Brook Kedron; and the pool of Bethesda, the house of St. Anne, and the palace of the High Priest, all have their representatives within the walls. The traveller puts up or is taken in at the Judgment-hall of Pilate!

The last Prussian village is Lewin;

beyond it is the Austrian custom-house. About 4 m. from Lewin, off the road, lies Cudowa, whose mineral springs furnish a chalybeate, very strongly impregnated with carbonic acid gas. There are 2 lodging-houses and an assembly-room on the spot. The inhab. of the village are chiefly descendants of Bohemian Hussites.

3 Nachod.-Inn: Lamm. The first town in Bohemia; it has 2200 Inhab., chiefly weavers. Its Castle is said by some to be the birthplace of the renowned Wallenstein; it belonged to his brother-in-law, Terzki, and at their death was confiscated, and bestowed upon the traitor Piccolomini. It commands a fine view of the whole range of the Riesengebirge. Nachod is a good starting-point to explore these mountains.

2 Jaromierz, on the Elbe. Near this, on the 1. bank of the river, stands the fortress of Josephstadt.-Inn: bei Wesseley, very good.

2 Königgrätz (Inn: Das Goldene Lamm), another frontier fortress, with large barracks for a garrison, and 7500 inhab.; lies on the Elbe. The Cathedral, and the Church and Convent, which formerly belonged to the Jesuits, are the most remarkable buildings. Much cloth is made here. Königgrätz is only 34 Germ. m. distant from the

Pardubitz Stat. on the Prague and Vienna Railway, whence trains run in 4 hrs. to

PRAGUE.

HANDBOOK S. GERMANY, ROUTE 85 a.

BRESLAU TO CRACOW.-RAILWAY.

Trains

34 Germ. m. 160 Eng. m. to Myslowitz in 7-to Cracow in 11 h.

This railway, as far as the Prussian and Austrian frontier, is called the Upper Silesian Railway (Oberschlesische Eisenbahn.)

Breslau. Route 81.
14 Cattern Stat.
14 Leisewitz Stat.

Ohlau Stat. (Inn: Goldene Krone), on the 1. bank of the Oder, has a palace and a picture gallery.

2 Brieg. Inn: Goldenes Kreutz. On the 1. bank of the Oder, with 12,000 Inhab. The palace here was formerly

ROUTE 86.

FRANKFURT ON THE MAIN TO LEIPZIG, BY FULDA, EISENACH, GOTHA, ERFURT,

AND WEIMAR.

Post-road from Frankfurt to Eisenach, 23 Germ. m. = 107 Eng. m. Eilwagen daily in 21 hrs. By railway from Frankfurt to Cassel and Cassel to Eisenach (Rtes. 70, 92), the journey may be made in 10 hrs.

Railway from Eisenach to Leipzig, by Halle, Eisenach to Halle 25 Germ. m. 116 Eng. m.

Between Frankfurt and Leipzig the road passes through the territories of 7 different states. About 4 m. from Frankfurt it enters the Electorate of Hesse Cassel.

city of note, having been chosen as a residence by the Emp. Frederick Barbarossa. The ruins of his Palace, built about 1144, still exist on an island in the Kinzig, in the lower part of the town, but are fast going to decay. The style of its architecture is that called by the Germans Byzantine, and shows, indeed, traces of an Eastern origin. The walls are of the most massive masonry. The chapel and the Imperial Hall (Reichssaal), where Barbarossa administered justice, deserve particular notice. On one side is a range of small round arches, supported by short pillars with foliated capitals; on the other is the throne of Barbarossa, with singular bracketed columns, and ornaments resembling basket-work on the wall.

2 Hanau.-Inns: Post; Riese, comfortable though small, but dear. This is the most considerable town of Hesse after Cassel, having 15,000 Inhab.; it is situated near the junction of the Kinzig with the Main in the most fertile part of the Wetterau. It was defended by Ramsay, a Scotchman, for 9 months, against the Imperialists in the 30 Years' War. On quitting the town, the road passes the Battle-field of October 30 and 31, 1813, where Napoleon, retreating from Leipzig with the wreck of his army, cut his way through the Bavarians and Austrians. The loss of the allies exceeded that of the French; it would have been greater, but for the manoeuvre of a miller, who, observing the German infantry hard pressed by a body of French cavalry, suddenly let the water into his millstream, between the two parties, and thus secured the retreat of his own friends. 3 Gelnhausen (Inns: Hirsch ; Grüner Baum; Sonne, a clean country inn) stands on the Kinzig, and has 3700 inhab. It was once an Imperial

style of Gothic, and proves the late introduction into Germany of the Pointed style. It has many peculiarities, as a twisted spire, a cupola, a mixture of round and pointed arches, wood-work, and old triptychs, a stone screen, with altar towards the nave. The doorways and capitals of the columns are richly ornamented, and the windows are filled with fine stained glass. The remains of St. Peter's Ch. present an early example of the round arched style. The pass of Gelnhausen is one of the most important military points in Central Germany.

The greater part of the next stage lies through a corner of Bavaria.

24 Saalmünster. Inn: Post. Dollars and groschen here take the place of florins and kreutzers (§ 55), and the posting is paid for in them.

2 Schlüchtern. Inn: Goldene Sonne. [14 m. to the E. lie the Baths of Brückenau, a much frequented watering-place. (See HANDBOOK SOUTH GERMANY Rte. 169.) The road thither is improved, but is very hilly. The stage of 3 Germ. m. takes 3 hrs.; or 11 hrs. from Frankfurt.]

2 Neuhof.

1 Fulda.-Inns: Kurfürst (Elector), very fair; Post, neat and comfortable, obliging people. A town of 14,000 In

hab. (2000 Protestants, 600 Jews), on the Fulda. The principal buildings are, the Cathedral, a handsome modern edifice, the 4th church which has stood on this site. Nothing remains of the old building but the crypt, containing the shrine of St. Boniface, in which was once deposited the body of the saint, a much revered relic, now reduced to a fragment of his skull. Here are two old figures of Charlemagne and of a Scottish princess on horseback, said to have been converted and brought over to Germany by St. Boniface; also, in the sacristy, his crosier of ivory, and the dagger with which he was murdered by the Frisians, a. d. 754.

The Palace was formerly the residence of the prince-bishops, to whom Fulda belonged. A statue of St. Boniface has been erected in the open space before it. St. Michael's is a very curious round church, of high antiquity, founded 822. The existing crypt, probably of that age, is supported in the centre by a stunted column, with a rude Ionic capital; a circular passage surrounds it. The tower and Langhaus were built in 1092. Most of the monasteries have been turned to secular purposes.

The old porcelain figures of Fulda are much esteemed. Eilwagen daily to Brückenau, to Cassel, and to Giessen.

2 Hünfeld. Near the end of this stage the road quits Hesse Cassel, and enters Saxe Weimar.

2 Buttlar.-Inn, Post; neat and good. Fine views of the broken ridge of the Rhöngebirge from this.

1 Vacha, an old town on the Werra. 24 Marksuhl. The road now enters upon a portion of the Thüringerwald (Thuringian Forest); a great portion of the country is covered with unbroken wood. On descending the last hill, to enter Eisenach, the castle of the Wartburg, Luther's prison, is seen on the summit of a hill on the right.

2 Eisenach. Inns Rautenkranz (Rue Garland); Halbe Mond good. This is the principal town of the Thüringerwald; it is clean, thriving, and industrious (pop. 10,000), and is prettily situated, encircled by wooded hills. Sebastian Bach was born here. The oldest building is the Nicolaithurm,

a tower and gate, the arch of which resembles Roman work, near the rail

way.

A good carriage road, to be surmounted in hr.'s walk, of continued ascent, of 600 ft., leads to the Castle of Wartburg, the ancient residence of the Landgraves of Thuringia, but more remarkable as the asylum of Luther from May 4, 1521, to March 6, 1522. It was while returning from the Diet of Worms, where he had so nobly stood forth in defence of his faith, unmoved by threats or cajoling, and had thereby incurred the papal excommunication, that, on reaching the borders of the Thuringian forest, he was waylaid by a party of armed and vizored knights, his attendants dispersed, and himself made prisoner. So secretly was the capture effected, that no one knew for a time what had become of him; even Luther himself, it is believed, at the moment of his seizure, was not aware that the whole was merely the device of his friend the Elector of Saxony, adopted with the view of rescuing him from the dangers which at that moment threatened his life. He was silently conveyed away to the Wartburg, where he passed for a young nobleman, wearing a suitable dress, allowing his mustaches to grow, and taking the name of Junker Georg (Squire George). During the time which he spent in this solitude, which he often calls his "Patmos," he wrote several works, and completed a large portion of his translation of the Bible.

The Wartburg, whose oldest portion, recently brought to light, including a long range of Romanesque arcades, dates from the 12th cent., is by no means a picturesque castle, but it is finely situated, overlooking a wide range of wild forest-clad hills. The chamber which Luther inhabited is pointed out. His bedstead and chair have been carried away in chips by visitors as relics. His table has been prevented sharing the same fate by a strong iron band. He has himself described in his writings the attacks to which he was here subjected, in his solitary hours, from the Evil One, whom he is reported to have repulsed by throwing the inkstand at