Mr. Y Proverbs. 1. All truths must not be told at 11. Words, I see, are among the principal | that one stove would save half the fuel means used for these important purposes; being present, replied, "Sir, I wil and they are formed by the organs of voice: buy two of them, if you please, and then I these two things, then, demand my first and shall save the whole." particular attention, words and voice; words are composed of letters; and the voice, is the all times. 2. A good servant makes a good maseffect of the proper actions of certain parts of ter. 3. A man in distress, or despair, does as the body, called vocal organs, converting air much as ten. 4. Before you make a friend, eat into sound; which two mighty instruments, a peck of salt with him. 5. Passion-will master words and voice, must be examined analyti-you, if you do not master your passion. 6. Form ally, and synthetically; without which pro-is good, but not formality. 7. Every tub must cess I cannot understand any thing. [A in AT.] 12. The fourth sound of A is short: AT, aft, add; I had rath-er have a bar-rel of as-par-a-gus, than the en-am-el and ag-ate; the ca-bal for-bade the mal-efac-tor his ap-par-el-and javelin; Char-i-ty danc'd in the gran-a-ry with Cap-ri-corn; the mal-con-tents pass'd thro' Ath-ens in Feb-ru-ar-y; his cam-els quaff'd the Asphal-tic can-al with fa-cil-i-ty; plas-ter the fal-low-ground af-ter Jan-u-ar-y; the adage an-swers on the com-rade's staff; the plaid tas-sel is man-u-fac-tur'd in France; he at-tack'd the tar-iff with rail-le-ry, after he had scath'd the block and tack-le with his ac-id pag-en-try. stand on its own bottom. 8. First come, first serv'd Friendship-cannot stand all on one side. 10. Idleness-is the hot-bed of vice and ignorance 11. He that will steal a pin, will steal a better thing. 12. If you lie upon roses when young, you will lie upon thorns when old. Inas Qualifications of Teachers. much as the nature of no one thing can be understood, without a knowledge of its origin, and the history of its formation, the qualifications of teachers are seen and felt to be so great, as to induce the truly conscientious to exclaim, in view of his duties, "Who is sufficient for these things?" How can we edu cate the child in a way appropriate to his state and relations, without a knowledge of his 13. The more perfect the medium, the mental and physical structure? Is not a better will it subserve the uses of communi-knowledge of psychology and physiology as cation. Now, by analyzing the constituents necessary to the educator, as the knowledge of words and voice, I can ascertain whether of mechanics is to the maker or repairer of they are in a condition, to answer the varied a watch? Who would permit a man even purposes for which they were given; and to repair a watch, (much less hire a man to fortunately for me, while I am thus analyz- make one,) who had only seen its externals? ing the sounds, of which words are com- Alas! how poorly qualified are nine-tenths posed, I shall, at the same time, become acquainted with the organs of voice and of our teachers for the stations they occupy! hearing, and gradually accustom them to the almost totally ignorant of the nature and ori gin of the human mind, and the science of performance of their appropriate duties. physiology, which teaches us the structure and uses of the body. But how little they understand their calling, when they suppose it to be merely a teaching of book-knowledge; without any regard to the development of mind and body. A teacher should possess a ually short; unless under some accent: as-intimate that to my good moral character, and entire self-control intimate friend; educate that delicate and obstinate child; he calcu- a fund of knowledge, and ability to commu lates to aggravate the case of his affectionate and unfortunate wife;nicate it; a uniform temper, united with dehe compassionate son meditates how he may alleviate the condition cision and firmness; a mind to discriminate of his disconsolate mother; vindicate your consulate's honor; deprecharacter, and tact to illustrate simply the studies of his pupils; he should be patient and forbearing; pleasant and affectionate, and be capable of overcoming all difficulties, and showing the uses of knowledge. Notes. 1. To give the exact sounds of any of the vowels, take words, in which they are found at the beginning, and proceed as if you were going to pronounce the whole word, but stop the instant you have produced the vowel sound; and that is the true one. 2. Beware of clipping this, or any other sound, or changing it: not, I’ku go, you'ku see, they'kn come; but, I can go; you can see; they can come. 3. A, in ate, in verbs, is generally long; but in other parts of speech of more than one syllable, it is cate an unregenerate heart, by importunate prayer; the pre-ate and primate calculate to regulate the ultimates immediately. 4. Observe-that often the sounds of vowels are sometimes modified, changed, by letters immediately preceding or succeeding; which -ep-ro-bate, can-did-ate, po-ten-tate, night-in-gale, &c.: some hav. may be seen, as it respects a, for instance, in ren-e-gade, mem-brane, ing a slight accent on the last syllable; and others having the a preceded, or followed by a vocal couronant: see previous Note 3. 5. A letter is called short, when it cannot be prolonged in Speech, (though it can in Song,) without altering its form; and long, when it can be prolonged without such change: therefore, we call a sound long, or short, because it is seen and felt to be so: as, cold, hot; pale, mat: in making a long sound the glottis is kept open indefinitely; and in making a short one, it is closed suddenly, produ Varieties. 1. If one were as cloquent as an angel, he would please some folks, much more by listening, than by speaking. 2. An upright politician asks-what recommends a man; a corrupt one-who recommends him. 3. Js any law independent of its maker? 4. Kind words-cost no more than unkind ones Anecdote. Saving Fuel. Some time ago, 5. Is it not better to be wise than rich? 6 when modern stoves were first introduced, The power of emphasis-depends on concenand offered for sale in a certain city, the ven- tration. 7. Manifested wisdom-infers de der remarked, by way of recommending them, | sign. cing an abrupt sound, like some of the consonants. 11. There are then, it appears, two kinds of language; an artificial, or conventional language, consisting of words; and a natural language, consisting of tones, looks, actions, expression, and silence; the former is addressed to the eye, by the book, and to the tar, by speech, and must thus be learned; the latter--addresses itself to both eye and ear, at the same moment, and must be thus acquired, so far as they can be acquired. To become an Elocutionist, I must learn both these languages; that of art and science, and that of the passions, to be used according to my subject and object. [E in EEL.] 18. That the body may be free, to act in accordance with the dictates of the mind, ai! unnatural compressions and contractions must be avoided; particularly, cravats and stocks so tight around the neck, as to interfere with the proper action of the vocal organs, ana the free circulation of the blood; also, tigh waistcoats; double suspenders, made tighter with straps; elevating the feet to a point horizontal with, or above, the seat; and lacing, of any description, around the waist, impeding the freedom of breathing naturally and healthfully. Anecdote. True Modesty. When Wushington had closed his career, in the French 15. E has two regular sounds; first, and English war, and become a member of its name sound, or long: the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, the EEL; e-ra, e-vil; nei-ther Speaker was directed, by a vote of the house, de-ceive nor in-vei-gle the to return thanks to him, for the distinguished seam-stress; the sleek ne-gro bleats like a sheep; Ca-sar's services he had rendered the country. As e-dict pre-cedes the e-poch of soon as Washington took his seat, as a memtre-mors; the sheik's beard ber, Speaker Robinson proceeded to discharge stream'd like a me-te-or; the ea-gle shriek'd the duty assigned him; which he did in such his pean on the lea; the e-go-tist seemed a manner as to confound the young hero; pleas'd with his ple-na-ry leis-ure to see the who rose to express his acknowledgments; co-te-rie; E-ne-as Leigh reads Mo-sheim but such was his confusion, that he was on the e-dile's heath; the peo-ple tre-pann'd speechless; he blushed, stammered, and tremthe fiend for jeer-ing his prem-ier; his liege, bled for a short time; when the Speaker reat the or-gies, gave -il-iads at my niece, lieved im by saying "Sit down, Mr. Washwho beat him with her be-som, like a cav-ington; your modesty is equal to your valor; and that-surpasses the power of any language that I possess." a-lier in Greece. 16. Since the body is the grand medium, for communicating feelings and thoughts, (as above mentioned,) I must see to it, that Proverbs. 1. A blythe heart makes a bloomeach part performs its proper office, without ing visage. 2. A deed done as an end. 3. A infringement, or encroachment. By observa- great city, a great solitude 4. Desperate cutstion and experience, I perceive that the must have desperate cures. 5. All men are not mind uses certain parts for specific pur-men. 6. A stumble-may prevent a fall. 7. A fool poses; that the larynx is the place where always comes short of his reckoning. 8. Beggars vocal sounds are made, and that the power must not be choosers. 9. Better late, than never. to produce them, is derived from the com10. Birds of a feather flock together. 11. Nothing bined action of the abdominal and dorsal is lost in a good market. 12. All is well, that ends muscles. Both body and mind are rendered well. 13. Like priest, like people. healthy and strong, by a proper use of all their organs and faculties. Varieties. 1. The triumphs of truth-are 17. Irregular Sounds. I and Y often the most glorious, because they are bloodless; have this sound; as-an-tique, ton-tine; the deriving their highest lustre-from the num po-lice of the bas-tile seized the man-da-rinber of the saved, instead of the slain. 2. Wisfor his ca-price at the mag-a-zine; the unique fi-nan-cier, fa-tigued with his bom-bazine va-lise, in his re-treat from Mo-bile, lay by the ma-rines in the ra-vine, and ate verdi-gris to re-lieve him of the cri-tique. Sheridan, Walker and Perry say, yea yea, and nay nay, making the e long; but Johnson, Entick, Jamieson and Webster, and the author, pronounce yea as if spelled yay. Words derived immediately from the French, according to the genius of that language, are accented on the last syllables;-ca-price, fa-tigue, police, &c. Sorrow-treads heavily, and leaves behind dom-consists in employing the best means, The calm of that old reverend brow, the glow Notes. 1. To make this sound of E, arope and open the mouth wide, as indicated by the engraving, so as to pre vent it from becoming in the least nasal. 2. E in ent, ence, and u. 3. When e precedes two r's (rr,) it should always have this 19. Having examined the structure of the body, I see the necessity of standing, at first, on the left foot, and the right foot a few inches from it, (where it will naturally eas, generally has this sound; tho' sometimes it slides into short fall, when raised up,) and pointing its heel sound: as err, er-ror, mer-it, cher-ry, wher-ry: but when followed toward the hollow of the left foot; of throw-by only one r, it glides into short u, tho' the under jaw should be ing the shoulders back, so as to protrude the much depressed: as-the mer-chaut heard the clerk calling on the chest, that the air may have free ac-cess to ser-geant for mer-cy; let the ter-ma-gant learn that the pearls were the air cells of the lungs; of having the jerked from the rob-ber in the tavern. I similarly situated in upper part of the body quiescent, and the certain words: the girls and birds iu a mir-1 3-de, sang dis mind concentrated on the lower muscles, until they act voluntarily. ges to the virgin: see short u. 4. E is silent in the last stable of→ e-ven the shov-els are broken in the oven; a weasel opers the nel, with a sick-ening sniv-el; driven by a deaf-ening title from 20. The second sound of E is short: heav-en, he was of-ten taken and shaken till he was softened and [E in ELL.] ELL; edge, en; the dem-o- ri-pened seven, e-leven or a doz-en times. 5. The long vowels are open and continumus; the short ones are shut, abrupt, or discrets, and end as soon as made. Anecdote. A lawyer, to avenge himself on an opponent, wrote "Rascal" in his hat. The owner of the hat took it up, looked ruefully into it, and turning to the judge, exclaimed, "I claim the protection of this honorable court;-for the opposing counsel has written his name in my hat, and I have strong suspicion that he intends to make off with it." Proverbs. 1. Make both ends meet. 2. Fair play—is a jewel. 3. Proverbs existed before books. All blood is alike ancient. 5. Beauty is only skin deep. 6. Handsome is, that handsome does. 7. One fool makes many. 8. Give every one his due. 9. No rose without a thorn. 10. Always have a few maxims on hand for change. Sablimity and Pathos. As weak lights 21. In these peculiar exercises of voice-are obscured, when surrounded by the dazare contained all the elements, or principles of articulation, accent, emphasis and expression; and, by their aid, with but little exertion, I shall be enabled to economize my breath, for protracted vocal efforts, and impart all that animation, brilliancy and force, that reading, speaking and singing ever re quire. zling rays of the sun, so, sublimity, poured around on every side, overshadows the artifices of rhetoric: the like of which occurs in painting; for, tho' the light and shade, lie near each other, on the same ground, yet, the light first strikes the eye, and not only appears projecting, but much nearer Thus, 22. Irregulars. A, I, U, and Y, some- too, in composition, the subline and pathetic times have this sound: as-an-y, or man-y-being nearer our souls, on account of some pan-e-gyr-ists of Mar-y-land said, the bur-natural connection and superior splendor, are y-ing ground a-gainst the world; says the lan-cet to the trum-pet-get out of my way a-gain, else the bur-i-al ser-vice will be said over you in the black-ness of dark-ness; there is sick-ness in the base-ment of our plan-et, from the use of as-sa-fœt-i-da, in-stead of herrings: never say sus-pect for ex-pect, businiss for busi-ness, pay-munt for pay-ment, nor gar-munts for gar-ments. 23. As much depends on the quality of which any thing is made, I must attend to the manner, in which these sounds are produced, and see that they are made just right; each having its appropriate weight, form, and quantity. Taking the above position, and opening the mouth wide, turning my lips a little out all round, trumpet fashion, and keeping my eyes on a horizontal level, and inhaling full breaths, I will expel these sixteen vowel sounds into the roof of my mouth, with a suddenness and force similar to the crack of a thong, or the sound of a gun. An ape-is an ipe, a varlet-is a varlet, always more conspicuous than figures; they conceal their art, and keep themselves veiled from our view. Sounds. 1. The whole sound made is not in the whole air only; but the whole sound is in every particle of air: hence, all sound will enter a small cranny unconfused. 2. At too great a distance, one may hear sounds of the voice, but not the words. 3. One articulate sound confounds another; as when many speak at once. 4. Articulation requires a mediocrity of loudness. Varieties. 1. See how we apples swim 2. He carries two faces. 3. Strain at a gale and swallow a saw-mill. 4. Who is the true gentleman? He whose actions make him such. 5. A sour countenance is a manifest sign of a froward disposition. 6. Speak-as you mean; do—as you profess, and perform what you promise. 7. To be as nothing, is an exalted state: the omnipotence of the heavens-exists in the truly humbled heart Whatever way you wend, Consider well the end. 24. I observe that there are three distinct | Proverbs. 1. A crowd, is not company. 2. principles involved in oral words, which A drowning man will catch at a straw. 3. Half are their essences, or vowel sounds; their forms, or the consonants attached to them, and their meaning, or uses. By a quick, combined action of the lower muscles upon their contents, the diaphragm is elevated so as to force the air, or breath, from the lungs into the windpipe, and through the larynx, where it is converted into vowel sounds; which, as they pass out through the mouth, the glottis, epiglottis, palate, tongue, teeth, lips, and nose, make into words. 25. I has two regular sounds: First, its NAME sound. or long: ISLE; ire, -o-dine: Gen-tiles o-blige their wines to lie for sac-charine la-lacs to ex-pe-dite their feline gibes; the ob-lique grindstone lies length-wise on the hori-zon; a ti-ny le-vi-a-than, on 1 in ISLE.] the heights of the en-vi-rons of Ar-gives, as-pires to sigh through the mi-cro-scope; the e-dile likes spike-nard for his he-li-acal ti-a-ra; the mice, in tri-ads, hie from the aisle, si-ne di-e, by a vi-va vo-ce vote; the bi-na-ry di-gest of the chrys-ta-line ma-gi, was hir'd by the choir, as a si-ne-cure, for a li-vre. a loaf is better than no bread. 4. An ill workman quarrels with his tools. 5. Better be alon than in bad company. 6. Count not your chick ens before they are hatched. 7. Every body's business, is nobody's business. 8. Fools-make feasts, and wise men eat them. 9. He that will not be counselled, cannot be helped. 10. If it were not for hope, the heart would break. 11. Kindness will creep, when it cannot walk. 12. Oil and truth will get uppermost at last. General Intelligence. improvement of the present day, that the a It is a signal tions and reactions of book-learning, and or general intelligence-are so prompt, so intense, and so pervading all ranks of society. The moment a discovery is made, a principle demonstrated, or a proposition advanced, through the medium of the press, in every part of the world; it finds, immediately, a host, numberless as the sands of the sea, pre pared to take it up, to canvass, confirm, refute, or pursue it. At every water-fall, or the line of every canal and rail-road, in the counting-room of every factory and mercantile establishment; on the quarter-deck of 26. These vocal gymnastics produce as-every ship that navigates the high seas; on tonishing power and flexibility of voice, the farm of every intelligent husbandman; making it strong, clear, liquid, musical and in the workshop of every skillful mechanic; governable; and they are as healthful as at the deak of every school-master; in the ofthey are useful and amusing. As there is fice of the lawyer; in the study of the physi only one straight course to any point, so,cian and clergyman; at the fireside of every there is but one right way of doing any thing, and every thing. If I wish to do any thing well, I must first learn how; and if I begin right, and keep so, every step will carry me forward in accomplishing my ob jects. Notes. Y, in some words, has this sound; particularly, Len accented, and at the end of certain nouns and veris: the lyce-um's al-ly proph-e-cy to the dy-nas-ty to mag-ni-fy other's faults, but min-i-fy its own. 2. This first dip-thongal sound begins nearly like 23 A, as the engraving indicates, and en's with the Dame sound of (a~e.) 3. I is not used in any purely English word as a final letter; y being its representative in such a position. 4. When I commences a word, and is in a syllable by itself, if the cent be on the succeeding syllable, it is generally long: as, i-do-a, 1-den-ti-fy, i-dol-a-try, i-ras-ci-ble, i-ron-i-cal, i-tal-ic, i-tin-e-ract, c. It is long in the first syllables of vi-tal-i-ty, di-am-e-ter, di-ur 23, di-lem-ma, bi-en-ni-al, cri-te-ri-on, chi-me-ra, bi-og-ra-phy, licey-tious, gi-gan-tic, pri-me-val, vi-bra-tion, &c. 5. In words de rived from the Greek and Latin, the prefixes bi, (twice,) and tri, (thrice,) the I is generally long. Anecdote. Seeing a Wind. "I never saw such a wind in all my life," said a man, during a severe storm, as he entered a temperance hotel. "Saw a wind!" observed another," What did it look like?" "Like!" said the traveller, "why, like to have blown my hat off." ON A MUMMY. Why should this worthless tegument-endure, man who has the elements cử a good educa tion, not less than in the professed retreats of learning, there is an intellect to seize, to weigh, and to appropriate the suggestions, whether they belong to the world of science, of tenets, or of morals. Varieties. 1. Ought women be allowed to vote? 2. Nothing is troublesome, that we do willingly. 3. There is a certain kind of pleasure in weeping; grief-is soothed and alleviated, by tears. 4. Labor hard in the field of observation, and turn every thing to a good account. 5. What is a more lovely sight, than that of a youth, growing up under the heavenly influence of goodness and truth? 6. To speak ill, from knowledge, shows a want of character; to speak ill-upon sus. picion, shows a want of honest principle 7. To be perfectly resigned in the whole je and in its every desire, to the will and governance of the Divine Providence, is a worship most pleasing in the sight of the Lord. To me, tho' bath'd in sorrow's dew, I lov'd thee, when thy woes were few That face, in joy's bright hour, was fair, Tho' somewhat pale thy brow; 27. Articulation is the cutting out and shaping, in a perfectly distinct and appropriate manner, with the organs of speech, all the simple and compound sounds which our twenty-six letters represent. It is to the ear what a fair hand-writing is to the eye, and relates, of course, to the sounds, not to the names, of both vowels and consonants. It depends on the exact positions and correct operations, of the vocal powers, and on the ability to vary them with rapidty, precision and effect: thus, articulation is purely an intellectual act, and belongs not to any of the brute creation. Anecdote. Accommodating. A Fhyst cian-advertised, that at the request of nie friends, he had moved near the church-yard; and trusted that his removal would accommodate many of his patients. No doubt of it. Proverbs. 1. A thousand probabilities will not make one truth. 2. A hand-saw is a good thing, but not to shave with. 3. Gentility, without ability, is worse than beggary. 4. A man may talk like a wise man, and yet act like a fool. 5. If we would succeed in any thing, we must vee the proper means. 6. A liar should have a good memory. 7. Charity begins at home, but does 28. The second sound of I is short: not end there. 8. An ounce of mother wit is [I in ILL.] worth a pound of learning. 9. Short reckonings make long friends. 10. Custom is the plague of wise men, and the idol of fools. 11. Every one knows best where his own shoe pinches. A faint heart never won a fair lady. IL; inn, imp; the ser-vile spir-it of a rep-tile lib-er-tine is hos-tile to fem-i-nine fi-del-ity; the pu-er-ile dis-ci-pline of mer-can-tile chi-cane-ry, is the ar-tif-i-cer of mil-i-ta-ry Freedom. When freedom is spoken of des-po-tism; the fer-tile eglan-tine is des-tin'd for a ju-ve-nile gift; the every one has an idea of what is meant ; for gen-u-ine pro-file of Cap-tain White-field is every one has known what it is to live in the an-tip-o-des of in-di-vi-si-bil-i-ty; the freedom, and also what it is to five, and ac: wind, in the vi-cin-i-ty of mount Lib-a-nus, under restraint. But then it is obvious. is a me-di-ci-nal for the con-spir-a-cy of the that different persons feel in freedom, ac brig-and; the pris-tine foun-tains of the cording to circumstances; things which re ad-a-man-tine spring is sul-lied with the strain and infringe upon the freedom of guilty guil-o-tine; man is an ex-quis-ite some, have no such effect upon others. So e-pil-o-me of the in-fi-nite Di-vin-i-ty, and that in the same situation in which one would feel free, another would feel himself should be stud-ied as def-i-nite-ly as pos-in bondage. Hence, it is evident that tho' si-ble. 29. Two grand objects are, to correct bad nabits, and form good ones; which may be done by the practice of analysis and synthesis: that is, taking compound sounds, syllables, words, and sentences into pieces; or, resolving them into their component parts, and then recombining, or putting them together again. Error must be eradicated, or truth cannot be received; we must cease to do evil, and learn to do well: what is true can be received only in proportion as its opposite false is removed. all have a general idea of what freedom is, yet all have not the same idea of it. For as different persons would not all be free in the same circumstances, it follows, that freedom itself is not the same thing to all. Of course, the kinds of freedom are as many and various as the kinds of love are by which we are all governed; and our freedom is genuine or not genuine, according as our ruling love is good or evil. Varieties. 1. Did you ever consider how many millions of people-live, and die, igno30. Irregulars. A, E, O, U, and Y, in a rant of themselves and the world? 2. Stinfew words, have this sound: as-the hom-age giness soon becomes a confirmed habit, and giv-en to pret-ty wom-en has been the rich-est increases with our years. 3. The man, who bus-'ness of pet-ty tyr-an-ny, since the English is just, and firm in his purpose, cannot be proph-e-cy of Py-thag-o-rus; the styg-i-an fur-shaken in his determined mind, either by nace of bus-y Wal-lace, in Hon-ey al-ley, is a threats or promises. 4. By continually scol med-ley of pyr-i-tes, and the treb-le cyn-o-sure ding children and domestics, for small faults, of cyg-nets, hys-sop, and syn-o-nyms. Notes. 1. Beware of Mr. Walker's error, in giving the they finally become accustomed to it, and de and of long E to the final unaccented I and Y of syllables and spise the reproof. v. Good books-are not words, which is always short: as,-as-per-ee-tee, for as-per-i-ty, only a nourishment to the mind, but they ennce-nor-ee-tee, for mi-nor-i-ty; char-ce-tee for char-i-ty; pos-see-lighten and expand it. 6. Why do we turni al-ee-tee, for pos-si-bil-i-ty, &c. 2. Some give the short sound of to A in the unaccented syllables of-ad-age, cab-bage, pos-tage, len-dage, u-sage, &c., which is agreeable to the authorities, and to give the a as in af, savors of affectation. 3. I is silent in evil, deval, cousin, basin, &c. 4. I, in final unaccented syllables, not ending a word, is generally short; ai-mil-i-tude, fi-del-i-ty mi A bark, at midnight, sent alone- Is like what I am-wi hout thee. from those living in this world, to those who have left it, for the evidences of genuine love? 7. All principles love their nearest relatives, and seek fellowship and conjunction with them. There are some bosoms-dark and drear |