TABLE OF CONTENTS. THE following synoptical view of the plan and contents of "The Friend" may prove useful to those who read the work for the first time in the present edition. Particular Introduction.. Essays I-IV. pp. 19-41. Duty of the communication of truth, and the conditions under which it may be safely communicated. Essays V-XIII. pp. 42-95. GENERAL INTRODUCTION. ESSAYS I—XVI. pp. 19–118. ESSAY I. Design of the work. II. Ditto continued: necessity of attention and thought, and distinction between them. III. Style: author's hopes and expectations. IV. Defence against charges of arrogance and presumption. V. Inexpediency of pious frauds: indifference of truth and falsehood denied: objection from the impossibility of conveying an adequate notion answered. VI. Conditions, under which right, though inadequate, notions may be taught. VII. IX. Application of those conditions to publications by the press-1. as between an individual and his own conscience. X. Ditto.-2. As between the publisher and the state : free press. XI. Law of libel: its anomalies and peculiar difficul ties. XII. Despotism and insecurity without a free press; XIII. Only solution of the difficulties of the law of libel Necessity of principles founded in the reason as the basis of all genuine expedience. Essays XIV-XVI. pp. 95-118. Historic parallels. Essays I. and II. pp: 121–134. Theory of Apparitions. Essay III. pp. 134–137. Review of the work and prospect. Essay IV. pp. 137-142. On the Reason and the Understanding. Essay V. pp. 143-150. ESSAY XIV. Clearness of conceptions in the understanding essential to purity in the will: duty of communicating knowledge. XV. Right use of metaphysic reasoning: principles founded in reason the sole root of prudence: distinctive powers of the human mind. XVI. Supremacy of the reason: power given by acting on principle: falsehood and unworthiness of modern principles in taste, morals, and religion. FIRST LANDING-PLACE. ESSAYS-I-V. pp. 121–150. I. Voltaire and Erasmus: Rousseau and Luther. III. Theory to explain Luther's visions: apostrophe on IV. Purpose of the Landing-Places: summary of the preceding essays: use of the term "reason." V. Do. continued: the reason and the understanding distinguished their mutual and necessary relation: eduction of the conscience. FIRST SECTION. ON THE PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE. Three systems of political justice, or Three theories on the origin of Government. Essays I-V. pp. 153-202. ESSAYS I-XVI. pp. 153-307. I. System of Hobbes: fear and the force of custom: confutation. II. Do. continued: spirit of law: use of the phrase, "original contract." III. System of expedience and prudence-adopted: system of the pure reason: motives for exposing its falsehood. IV. Statement of the system: Rousseau's "Social Contract," and Paine's "Rights of Man:" French physiocratic philosophers: Cartwright: confutation. V. Cartwright; party-spirit: Jacobins and Anti-Jacobins: injudicious treatment of the former by the latter. ESSAY VI. The author never a Jacobin: pantisocracy: peace of Amiens, its character and good effects. VII. Vulgar errors respecting taxes and taxation: true principles: national debt. VIII. Classes of political reformers: elective franchise. IX. Catechism preparatory to examination of the principles of the English Government: letter of Decatur's, and anecdotes illustrative of principles. X. Review of circumstances which led to the peace of Amiens, and recommencement of the war, especially with regard to the occupation of Malta, -introductory to, and as commentary on, the subject of international law. XI. Interposed in vindication of freedom of thought, XIII. Law of nations; cosmopolitism and nationality. XV. Doctrine of general consequences as the best XVI. Address delivered at Bristol in 1795. Miseries of misgovernment in a country nominally free. Essay I. pp. 311-326. Principles of true biography. Essay II. pp. 326-332. Miscellaneous. Essays III, and IV. pp. 333--343. SECOND LANDING-PLACE. ESSAYS I-IV. pp. 311-343. I. Tale of Maria Eleonora Schöning. II. Spirit of anecdote-mongering condemned: extract III. Fable of Irus (Bonaparte) and Toxaris: Christ- SECOND SECTION. ON THE GROUNDS OF MORALS AND RELIGION, AND THE DISCIPLINE OF THE MIND REQUISITE FOR A TRUE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SAME. Introduction. pp. 347-375. Dignity and necessity of speculative philosophy, and a history of its decline. Essays I-III. pp. 376-407. Principles of the Science of Method. Essays IV-XI. pp. 408-472. ESSAY ESSAYS I-XI. pp. 347–472. Letter from Mathetes (Professor Wilson and Mr. A. Blair): internal and external difficulties to a mind endeavoring to establish itself on sure principles, moral and intellectual: answered by The Friend (Mr. Wordsworth): advice and caution. I. Relation of morality and religion: pamphlets of the age of Charles I.: extract: sanity of true genius: distinction between genius, talent, sense, and cleverness: relative character of the national mind of Germany, England, and France. II. Self-interest and conscience: ethics not founded on utility: honor: universal assent a presumption of truth: ground of belief in miracles: true Christian enthusiasm: mysteries of faith not to be explained by mere human analogies: Taylor's latitudinarianism. III. Greek sophists: their character and principles: separation of ethics from religion: the author's convictions of the nature and results of the history of the last century and a half. IV. Method, in the will and in the understanding: illustrated from Shakspeare: founded on observation of relations of things: want and excess of generalization: necessity of a mental initiative: definition of method. V. Two kinds of relations in which objects of mind may be considered: 1. Law: synthetic and analytic process: Plato's view. VI. 2. Theory: method in the fine arts intermediate : poetry and music: mental initiative in botany: history and estimate of the science: in chemistry. VII. Intention of Plato's writings: zoology and John Hunter: theory can not supply the principle of method: nor hypothesis: necessity of an idea: contrast between the state of science as to electricity and magnetism: law of polarity. VIII. True character of Plato: Aristotle: unpleasant side of Bacon's character: Hooke: Kepler: Tycho Brahe: reconcilement of the Platonic and Baconian methods. IX. Investigation of the Baconian method: shown to be essentially one with the Platonic, but in a different direction: method the guiding light in education and cultivation. Principles of the Science of Existence of luck or fortune under the Christian scheme. Essay I. pp. 475-478. Notices of the life and character of Sir Alexander Ball, and of the circumstances of the English occupation of Malta, Essays II-VI pp. 479-522. ESSAY X. Existence of a self-organizing purpose in nature and man: illustrated: operation of this idea in the history of mankind: patriarchal state: corrupted into a polytheism: early Greeks: their idolatry checked by the physical theology of the mysteries: portion which they represented of the education of man: their discoveries in the region of the pure intellect and success in the arts of imagination contrasted with their crude essays in the investigation of physical laws and phænomena Romans: Hebrews the mid-point of a line, towards which the Greeks as the ideal, and the Romans as the material, pole were approximating,-Christianity the synthesis. XI, Trade and Literature essential to a nation: consequences of the commercial spirit preponderating: difference of ultimate aims in men and nations: evidence of objective reality in man himself: nature and man, union and difference: mere being in its essence: the idea, whence originated: revelation: God: the material world made for man: universal laws for the whole tempered by particular laws for the individual in nature and man: causation: invisible nexus: ground of union: difference between the reason and the understanding: what they can respectively achieve: method of the will: religious faith. THIRD LANDING-PLACE. ESSAYS I-VI. pp. 475–522. I. Fortune favors fools: different meanings of the proverb: luck has a real existence in human affairs how: invidious use of the phrase. II. Impression left by Sir A. B. on the author: state III. Personal memoir of Sir A. B.: anecdotes of him. V. Ball's habits of mind: conduct during the siege of VI. Ball's popularity in Malta: jealousy of him in the government: discussion of the importance of Malta to this country. APPENDIX.... 525 |