"When Christians stand every one in their places, and do the work of their relations, then they are like the flowers in the garden that stand and grow where the gardener hath planted them, and then they shall both honour the garden in which they are planted and the gardener that hath so disposed of them. From the hyssop on the wall to the cedar in Lebanon their fruit is their glory."

That soweth Cockle.-A troublesome weed in cornfields, the Page 229, line 20. agrostemna githago of Linnæus. "Sow'd cockle, reap'd no

corn."-Love's Labour Lost, iv. 3.

line 3.

Her Husband cried her down at the Cross.-Refers to the custom Page 258, of a husband publishing at the market cross that he would no longer be answerable for the debts of his wife. With the common people it was erroneously supposed to relieve a husband from the duty of maintaining his wife.

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Ex Carne et Sanguine Christi.-"Of the flesh and blood of Page 259, Christ." There is to this a characteristically modest note in the margin: "The Lattine I borrow." Elsewhere he uses the expressions ad infinitum, primum mobile, and probatum est.

line 18.

A pair of excellent Virginals.—An old musical instrument, so Page 264, called because played upon by young girls. Lat. virginalis, Fr. virginal, belonging to a virgin. It has been said that this name was given to it out of compliment to Queen Elizabeth, who was very fond of the instrument, and a skilful performer upon it. According to Canon Venables the "Virginal Book" composed for her by William Bird, the organist of Lincoln Cathedral, is still in existence. The name, however, was in existence as early as 1530. "A pair of virginals” is analogous in expression to " a pair of organs," which was the common term for what we now call "an organ." The virginal was an instrument of the spinet kind, but made rectangular, a like

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small pianoforte, while the spinet was nearly triangular in shape; the wires of the spinet, moreover, were carried over a bent bridge, which modified their sounds, while those of the virginal went direct from their points of support to the screwpegs, regularly decreasing in length from the deepest bass to the highest treble.-Nares's Glossary.

A Gold Angel.-An ancient gold coin, varying in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s., and so called because bearing the figure of an angel. Angel gold was of a finer kind than crown gold. "What is an angel but a lawyer's fee."— Wit's Recreations, Epig. 594.

Even Hercules himself.—One of the very few classical allusions made by Bunyan. In the Holy War he introduces the Roman Furiae or Dirae, Alecto, Tisephone, and Megaera, as the confederates of Diabolus, "for these," says he, are the names of the dreadful Furies of Hell." He also makes Cerberus the Keeper of the gate of Hell, and Lord Python one of the heads of the army of Diabolus.

A great padding pace.-Pad, a beaten footpath; foot-pad, a thief on the high-road, one who goes upon the pad or footpath. Deriv. to travel on foot: "I shall pad it."-Baker's Northants Glossary.

Most an end-on end, that is continually, from beginning to end.

Sackbut.-A bass trumpet. The word is supposed by some to be a corruption of the Latin sambuca; but the sackbut was a wind instrument, resembling the modern trombone, while the sambuca was a stringed instrument.

There was Ignatius, etc.-These are references to Church History for which Bunyan was indebted to his favourite work, Fox's Book of Martyrs,

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Mr. Mnason stamped with his Foot.-The common way of Page 311, summoning servants before the introduction of bells.

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Has Need of an Item.-Halliwell gives a provincial use of Page 312, item, as meaning a hint.

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Like the Wain, keep by the Pole. An allusion to the constella- Page 323, tion known as the Great Bear, commonly called Charles's Wain. A line drawn through two of its stars points to the Pole Star.

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A man of his Hands-i.e. a man who knew how to use them in Page 331, warfare. "Ay, and he's tall fellow, and a man of his hands too."-Wily Beg., Origin of Drama III, 349.

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As poor as a Howlet—i.e. the barn or white owl, a proverbial Page 342, expression. Elsewhere Bunyan says of Badman and his wife that by their folly they brought their noble to ninepence and parted as poor as Howlets.

line 16.

Madam Bubble.-This vain world. Canon Venables in his Page 343, notes quotes in illustration from Quarles's Emblems :

My soul, what's lighter than a feather? Wind.
Than Wind? The fire. And what than fire? The mind.
What's lighter than the mind A thought. Than thought?]
This bubble world. What than this bubble? Naught."

INDEX.

Bath of Sanctification, The, 233. Caitiff, 141, 369.