Reading Rooms.-At the Börsenhalle (see above), at the Athenæum, Bücherstrasse, more than 150 newspapers and journals are taken in. Entrance for a week, 1 mark.

The best shops are upon the S. side of the Jungfernstieg, and the adjoining street, Neuer Wall.

The principal Booksellers are Perthes, Besser, and Mauke, 13 Jungfernstieg; Behrendson, Alster Arcade, keeps Guide-books, Dictionaries, local prints, and photographs.

Consuls. All the states of the New and Old World are represented here. A British Chargé d'Affaires and ConsulGeneral and Vice-Consul, also a ConsulGeneral from the United States, reside here. Most of the Consulate Offices are near the harbour.

Cabs (Droschke).-Fares. A drive in the town (1 or 2 persons) 75 pf.; by the hour, 13 mk.

Tramways (Pferde-Eisenbahn), from the Rathhaus Markt, in various directions.

Omnibuses ply through the town by various routes, from the Schweinemarkt to Altona and Rainville's garden, fare, 20 pf.

Innumerable tiny steamers are on the Alster, flitting about as at Stockholm.

Small boats are called Jolle. Environs.-The Zoological Gardens (good restaurant), opened in 1863, on the N. side of the city, near the Damm-thor, are remarkable for their very large and well-stocked Aquarium of living marine and fresh-water animals. The Botanic Gardens adjoin.

a. There are pleasant walks along the Alster Lake to Uhlenhorst, a tavern and sort of tea gardens. Steamer thither in summer.

b. It is a very pleasant drive or walk of 8 m. to descend the rt. bank of the Elbe from Altona to Blankenese. (Rly. 5 trains daily in 25 min. Steamers several times daily.) The slopes bordering on the river are studded with country seats of merchants and possess considerable natural beauty. The narrow strip of suburb called Vorstadt St.

Pauli, partly occupied by low taverns and dancing-rooms-in fact, a sort of Wapping-extends to the gate of Altona, at the further end of which s the suburb of Ottensen, where the brave Duke of Brunswick died, in 1806, from the wound he had received in the battle of Jena. In the churchyard, by the side of the road and under an umbrageous elm, is The Tomb of Klopstock (d. 1803), author of the Messiah.' The monument has been removed to the N. side of Hamburg which stood here to the 1138 Hamburgers who perished in 1813-14, during the siege and occupation of Hamburg by the French, and who were interred here in one common grave— the subject of a pretty poem by Rückert. On the hills sloping towards the Elbe are the country-seats of the Hamburg Senators, with beautiful grounds. Süllberg is a fine point of view. At Blankenese, about 9 m. from Hamburg, Mr. Baur's Pleasure Grounds, laid out in the Dutch taste, thrown open to the public, are a frequent resort of the Hamburgers.

c. In an opposite direction, about 3 m. N.E. from Hamburg, lies the Holstein village of Wandsbeck, in a very pretty situation: it is the 1st stat. on the rly. to Lübeck, or it may be reached from the Rathhaus Markt by tramway. (See Rte. 57.)

d. The Rauhes Haus at Horn, founded by Dr. Wichern, is a Reformatory for unprotected children, carried on with benevolence and success, 3 m. E. from Hamburg, on the road to Bergedorf. Tramway from Dorn

busch (see plan).

Steamboats now run from the Jungferstieg, on the Alster, every 10 min.; also across the Elbe to Harburg 12 times a day (Rte. 59);-to London twice a week; in winter they start from Cuxhaven;-to Grimsby, Tues. and Frid., in connection with Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Rly. Co.;-to Havre, twice a week, in 50 or 60 hrs. ;—to Cuxhaven, 4 times a week, in 6 or 8 hrs. ;-to Heligoland, 2 or 3 times a week;—

and to Liverpool, Glasgow, New York, New Orleans, West India Islands, &c. Railroads, 4 principal stations(1) The Altona, Kiel, and Blankenese line (see Rte. 2, Handbook for Den mark, &c.), Stat. on the W. side of Altona, connected with the Hamburg lines by the Verbindungsbahn.

(2) The Berlin line. Rte. 61. (Stat. at the Deich Thor on E. side of Hamburg.)

(3) The Lübeck line. Rte. 57. (Stat. on the Spaldingstrasse, suburb of St. Georg.)

(4) The Bremen and Osnabrück line (Pariser Bahnhof) traverses the island of Wilhemsburg, crossing the N. and S. arms of the Elbe by magnificent bridges to Harburg. Thence a line S. to Hanover (Rte. 59), and W. to Bremen, Osnabrück, and Wesel, giving direct communication with Paris, or via Ostend or Flushing with England.

ROUTE 57.

25 m. Oldesloe Junct. Stat., prettily situated, Pop. 3800, saline baths. [Branch Rly. N. W. to Neumünster.]

After passing Rheinfeld, the towers of the churches in Lübeck are seen, and about 6 m. before reaching the town its territory is entered.

40 m. Lübeck Junct. Stat.-Hotel omnibus at rly.

Inns: H. *Stadt Hamburg, on the Klingberg;-Düffcke's H., near the Marien-Kirche ;-*H. du Nord; *Brockmüller's H., nearest the Stat., reasonable.

Cabs (Droschke), 1 to 2 pers. 60 pf., portmanteau, 30 pf.

Restaurant, Rathskeller (see below), Sons, good French wines by the glass. under the Rathhaus; Engelhardt and

Theatres.-Stadt Theater, in the Beckergrube, 4 times a-week. Tivoli Garden in the Kaiserstrasse, on the banks of the Wackenitz.

Club.-The Casino near the theatre; concerts in winter.

Marzipan, a kind of macaroon, can be got at Carl Petersen's.

Post and Telegraph Office, opposite the Rathhaus.

Railways (see below).

This ancient city (Pop. 51,000), occupying the peninsula formed by a bend in the river Trave, at its junction with the Wackenitz, about 9 m. from

3 free Hanseatic towns of the German Empire. It was founded on its present site in 1143, the older town (which stood more to the north) having been destroyed by the Wends in 1138. Hither, in 1163, Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony transferred the Oldenburg Bishopric. In 1226, the Emperor Frederick II. declared Lübeck for ever a free imperial city; and as such, in 1227, it overcame the Danes in the battle of Bornhöved, thereby releasing the surrounding country from their depredations by land, and in 1234 a naval victory off the mouth of the Trave

destroyed their supremacy at sea. A period of unexampled prosperity followed, and subsequent successes over the Danes, and the occupation of portions of Sweden and Denmark, raised the Hanseatic League of 80 towns into a powerful confederacy, at the head of which this city stood as the seat of its Diet, the repository of its archives, and the station of its fleet, whose commander was appointed by the city. After the fall, in 1537, of its most renowned Bürgermeister, Jorgen Wollenvever, and the establishment of new commercial centres by Holland and England, Lübeck's power dwindled, and with the dissolution of the League its commerce decayed, so that though the four lines of rly. converging to the town, and the considerable and increasing Bordeaux wine trade, combined with the deepening of the Trave, are tending to revive the prosperity of the town, still it is now chiefly interesting as possessing to a high degree the aspect and character of antiquity in its picturesque gabled houses, churches, and

Rathhaus.

It may be seen in about 3 hrs. thus:
Facing the Rly. Stat. is the

*Holsten Thor, a red and black glazed brick gateway, built 1477, restored 1871, flanked by two round, conical roofed towers, formerly part of the fortifications, but now isolated, and preserved as a picturesque monu

ment.

Crossing the bridge over the Trave, and proceeding along the Holstenstrasse, a short distance to the 1., is seen the finest building in the town, the

*St. Mary's Church (Marien-Kirche) (enter by the S.W. door; the Sacristan lives opposite, in the Mengstrasse); built 1304, and a good example of the plain and severe Gothic characteristic of the vast sandy plains skirting the S. shore of the Baltic, where, from the absence of stone, brick is the material commonly employed, and the buildings, usually good in outline, are unpleasing from a deficiency of ornament, a bare

ness of exterior, and whitewashed interior. The spires, which had considerably deviated from the perpendicular, have been restored.

It is surmounted by 2 W. towers 50 ft. square at the base, supporting timber spires 407 ft. high. It has aisles, and the centre roof rises to the unusual height of 127 ft. The objects to be noticed in it, are the Chapel at the E. end, resembling Becket's Crown at Canterbury; a handsome brass screen all round the choir; a Dance of Death, much restored, dated 1463, curious for the costumes of the period represented in it, as well as for its being painted 35 years before the time of Holbein; the organ and carved woodwork of the Burgomasters' seats; the beautiful brass font (date 1335) and sacrament house; a crocketed pinnacle of bronze, about 40 ft. high (date 1472); the entrancechapel on the S. side, whose vault is supported by slender shafts of granite, each a

single stone 38 ft. long; and the painted glass of the windows, by an Italian artist, Fr. Livi, who afterwards (1436) furnished those for the Duomo in Florence. Behind the altar, against the N. wall, a very fine old painting attributed to Jan Mostraet (date 1518), in three divisions with shutters on the outside, Adam and Eve; within, the Nativity, the Adoration of the Magi, and the Flight into Egypt. Another triptych displays, when opened, elaborate carvings in wood of figures and Gothic tracery,all gilt except the flesh, representing events from the Gospel history. Here are several engraved Brasses, Flemish and German-one of Bruno v. Warendorf, Admiral of the Hanse fleet (d. 1369). Behind the high altar is a clock, constructed in 1405, which sends forth at noon figures of the 7 Electors, who march in review before the statue of the Emperor; each, as it passes, makes a reverential obeisance, and then disappears. The astronomical dial below (repaired) gives data down to 1999. The two pictures-Christ's Entry into Jerusalem, painted 1824; and a Pietà or Entombment, 1845-are by Overbeck.