the town (Inn: Ingenlath), a town of 3600 Inhab., 2 m. from the Rhine, near the Castra Vetera of the Romans. The camp of Varus, from which he led the Roman legions across the Rhine, was on the neighbouring hill called Fürstenberg. According to one version, the Emp. Maximian, 302 A.D., caused St. Gereon and the Theban Legion, amounting to 6000 men, to be slaughtered here, because they had become Christians. The scene of this event is also placed at Agaunum, now St. Maurice, in Switzerland; but of course this version is not received at Cologne, where the traveller may see the bones of the legion in St. Gereon's Church. The *Ch. of St. Victor, centurion of the Theban Legion, surmounted by twin spires, is a beautiful structure of trass (or tuff), in the pointed style (date 1383), except the W. front, probably built 1128. The whole was restored 1486-1522. At the entrance to the chancel is a curious and highly-wrought open screen of brass-work, surmounted with chandeliers. Over the high altar is the antique silver shrine (enamelled) of St. Victor. The Altar of the Virgin is of carved oak, like those at Calcar. The altarpiece is the best work of Barth. de Bruyn, a Cologne painter, 1534. The country around affords traces of its ancient masters, in the variety of Roman antiquities occasionally brought to light. At Xanten stood the castle of the Niebelungen, the heroes of the old German epic, and here Siegfried, the slayer of the dragon, was born, according to the legend. Diligence daily N. to (8 m.) Cleve.] The line from Goch proceeds S.E. and crosses the Niers to 39 m. Geldern Junct. Stat. (Inn: H. Holtzem). This town of 5000 Inhab. was, up to 1813, chief town of a Duchy of the same name, but is now Prussian. Wool, silk, and cotton manufactories. [Rly. N.E. to Wesel, and S.W. to Venlo, completing the direct line between Paris and Hamburg.] [N. G.] 51 m. Kempen Junct. Stat. This town of 4600 Inhab. was formerly a fortress, and as such was besieged over and over again, and in 1703 destroyed by Prussian cannon. The fine Pfarrkirche is of the 13th and 14th cents. Thomas à Kempis was born here 1380, of poor parents. [Rly. W. to Kaldenkirchen Junct. Stat. for (14 m.) Venlo; S. to Viersen; N.E. to. Oberhausen.] 58 m. Crefeld Junct. Stat. (Inn : *Wilder Mann), formerly capital of the Dukes of Mörs, a flourishing town of 75,000 Inhab. (one-third Protestants), with straight spacious streets and handsome houses, which, by their neatness, give to this place all the appearance of a Dutch town. It owes its prosperity to the manufactures of silk and velvet, the largest in Germany, which employ 6000 persons, and were founded by the Protestants who fled hither from Cologne, to the protection of the Princes of Orange (1600 to 1702). Part of the silk goods introduced into England as French are in fact manufactured here, and are equal in quality to the French. The annual value of the produce of the looms amounts to upwards of 3 million sterling. Railways to Aix-la-Chapelle: - to Oberhausen, Ruhrort, Dortmund, Gladbach, and Hanover;-to Venlo and Eindhoven. 60 m. Oppum Junct. Stat. [Rly. to Essen, Dortmund, and Soest, crossing the Rhine at Rheinhausen.] 70 m. Neuss Junct. Stat. (Inn: Rheinischer Hof). Pop. 17,500. It was the Novesium of the Romans, mentioned by Tacitus. In his time it lay close to the Rhine, which at present flows 1 m. from it. Drusus threw a bridge over the Rhine here. The picturesque Cologne gate, still called the Drusus Thor, is Roman in the lower part, the upper being of the 14th cent. : some cannon - balls from the batteries of Charles the Bold, who besieged the town in vain 48 weeks, 1474, have been built into it. C The *Ch. of St. Quirinus, a splendid | edifice, appears, from an inscription in the wall on the S. side of the interior, to have been built in 1208. It is one of the most remarkable specimens of the transition from the round to the pointed style. Inside, although most of the side arches are pointed, the vaulting of the nave is round. The cross forming the E. end terminates in 3 apses, and is surmounted by a vaulted octagon dome. Beneath is a fine crypt. The fan-shaped form of some of the windows, though undoubtedly ancient, is more curious than beautiful. The same treatment occurs at Bonn, and in other Rhenish churches. [Railways.-E., crossing the Rhine by an iron bridge to 5 m. Düsseldorf; S. to Düren; W. to Gladbach; N.W. to Viersen and Venlo; and N. to Crefeld.] Leaving Neuss, the Railroad traverses the abandoned bed of the Rhine, passing 84 m. Worringen Stat., the Roman Buruncum. Battle here in 1288. 92 m. Cologne. See Rte. 36. excellent; H. de l'Empereur; Dubigk's Grand H., good and moderate, close to the Baths; Bellevue, good and well situated; Imperial Crown Hotel, good. 2nd Class.-König von Spanien; H. du Nord, commercial, close to the Cologne and Brussels stat. Numerous other Hotels and Restaurants. Cab (vigilante) or omnibus from Stat. into town; without luggage, 50 pf.; portmanteau, 25 pf, The Dom is about hr.'s walk from the stat., and may be reached through the garden at the back of the Elisenbrunnen on payment of 6d. This town, of 86,000 Inhab. (2500 Protestants), was known to the Romans under the name of Aquisgraпит. The warm springs induced that bath-loving people to settle on the spot, and remains of their baths are constantly found in digging. It is to Charles the Great, however, who was born here, that the city owes its eminence. He died here, 814. He raised it to the rank of second city in his empire, and made it capital of his dominions N. of the Alps, appointing it the place of coronation for the German kings, his successors, of whom 37, from Lewis the Pious to Ferdinand I., were crowned here between 814 and 1558. In the middle ages it flourished with the privileges of a Free Imperial City, and attained great eminence in its manufactures, especially in that of cloth. It was the scene of 17 Diets of the Empire, and of 11 councils of the Church; and in later times it has been distinguished by the congresses held here:-1. In 1668, when a treaty of peace was concluded between France and Spain;-2. In 1748, when a general peace was signed by the European Powers; and-3. In 1818, when the Emperors of Austria and Russia, and King of Prussia, were present in person, and Ambassadors were sent from George IV. and Louis XVIII., to decide on the evacuation of France by the Allied armies, and the establishment of the Holy Alliance. After the Peace of Paris in 1815, | structed in the form of the Church Aachen was separated from France, to of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, which it had been united by Napoleon, or more directly imitating the ch. of and added to the dominions of the King St. Vitale at Ravenna. It was conof Prussia. The handsome streets and secrated by Pope Leo III., "with a fine buildings erected since that event, ceremony worthy of its splendour; as well as the increase of population, 365 archbishops and bishops were evince a return to its ancient pros- present. The original church was in perity, and the town now wears quite part destroyed by the Northmen, and a smart modern appearance. The huge repaired by the Emperor Otho III. in chimneys starting up on all sides, 983; but much of the original fabric and the clouds of smoke, are evidence still stands, of rude masonry, though of its important manufactures. Since partly encased, and modernised. The the days of the Romans and Charle W. porch and the bronze doors are of magne it has been celebrated as a Charlemagne's time. The brazen wolf watering-place, and is annually fre- and fir-cone, on either side of it, bequented by over 20,000 visitors. longed to an old fountain. The position of the Tomb, in which once reposed the mortal remains of Charlemagne, is marked by a large slab of marble under the centre of the dome, inscribed with the words "CAROLO MAGNO." There is no crypt or vault underneath, so it is probable the Emperor's body was placed in a sort of mortuary chapel, above ground. A mas The Town Hall (Rathhaus), in the market-place, is a large and somewhat imposing building, begun 1353, on the site of the palace of the Frankish kings. At each end of it are Towers, perhaps part of that palace, since their lower masonry is Romanesque. They were almost destroyed by a fire, June 1883. The Rathhaus has been splendidly re-sive brazen chandelier hangs above it, stored, and a staircase added. It is remarkable as the place of meeting of the two Congresses of 1748 and 1818. In the grand saloon (Kaisersaal), on the 3rd floor, are some modern frescoes -scenes from the life of Charlemagneby Rethel and Kehren. In the Chamber of Conferences are numerous portraits of Sovereigns: among them the oldest known of Charlemagne; Napoleon, Josephine, Maria Theresa. the gift of the Emp. Frederic Barbarossa. This tomb-house was opened by the Emp. Otto III. The body was found, not reclining in his coffin, as is the usual fashion of the dead, but seated in his throne as one alive, bearing the sceptre in his hand, and on his knees a copy of the Gospels. On his fleshless brow was the crown, the imperial mantle covered his shoulders, the sword Joyeuse was by his side, and the pilgrim's pouch, which he had In the centre of the square is a foun-borne always while living, was still tain surmounted by the bronze statue of the Empr. Charles the Great, erected 1620. fastened to his girdle. All these venerable relics were removed, and used in the coronation ceremonies of succeeding German Emperors. They The *Münster or Dom includes the are now deposited at Vienna. The most ancient polygonal ch. N. of the throne, in which the body of CharAlps, with additions of the 13th, 14th, lemagne was seated, alone remains and 15th cents., and has undergone here: it is placed in the gallery (Hoch judicious restoration. The nave, a Münster) running round the octagon, massive cavern-like octagon within, facing the choir. It is an arm-chair, but having externally 16 sides, with in shape somewhat like that of Edward round arches, was erected by Charles the Confessor in Westminster Abbey, the Great (796-804). It is "the but made of slabs of white marble, chapel," after which the city was which, during the coronation, were named. He designed it to be a burial- covered with plates of gold. It is proplace for himself, causing it to be con-tected by wooden boards, which the |