The best way to excite and enlarge it in children, is to be just to them. Every faculty in one, excites the corresponding faculty in another, as already explained. Dealing justly and truly with men, will make them also just and true, but violating their consciences by doing what they think wrong, encourages them to do wrong also. Children often think they are right, when we think them wrong, and punish them accordingly. This weakens their sense of right, and paves the way for their committing the errors or abuses upon others which they think we are committing upon them. First convince them that they are wrong, before punishment is administered.

If this organ be small in your own head, to cultivate it, just remember that its deficiency incapacitates you for seeing your own faults, and that Self-Esteem, if larger than Conscientiousness, will always throw the mantle of charity over your faults, or put them in a bag behind you. Remembering this, will enable you, in some measure, to correct it. The fact that you do not feel guilty, is no sign that you are not, for the smaller this faculty, the less it condemns, and yet other things being equal, the more immoral

you are.

Recent discoveries point out a separate organ for gratitude, located upon the sides of the back of Benevolence, and Penitence as joining it.

It is supposed to be divided, one portion having reference to our duties to our fellow-men, and the other, to God, and religion. Combined with Causality, it reasons upon what is right and just ; or on man's moral duties, and relations to his fellow-men and his Maker; with Firmness it adheres to what is right, because it is right, and gives moral decision; and if large Combativeness be added, it urges on the cause of truth and justice with great boldness and vigor; and gives moral courage, defence of right, truth, the oppressed, &c.

HOPE.

"Man never is, but always To Be blessed."

TO

Anticipation; expectation of success and happiness; cheerfulness; disposition to, magnify advantages, and to underrate or overlook obstacles; contemplating the brighter shades of the picture.

ADAPTATION.-Man feeds on hope. The future is before him, with its storehouses of good and ill. He desires the former, but wishes to escape the latter. With this organ, he not only desires things, but expects to obtain them, and his expectation spurs him on to greatly increased effort. Without Hope, but with this intensity of desire, he would long for objects, but put forth little effort to obtain them, because he would not expect to succeed. Vivid hope contributes more to vigorous effort, and this to success, than almost any other faculty..

ABUSES.---Wild speculation, attempting more than can be accomplishel, and losing all in the failure; a visionary, chimerical spirit.

The due regulation of this faculty, is all important; for then it pours a continual tide of pleasure into the soul by enjoying things in anticipation, and also gently stimulates effort and sweetens toil by the expectation that full fruition will soon crown these labors. In children, this organ is usually, I think I may say always, large, and forms an important ingredient in their happiness. Success in business also encourages it, but repeated and continued disappointments often crush the spirits, annihilate all hope, sadden the heart, relax effort, and exert a withering influence over the whole soul. Those only who have experienced the palsying effect of "hope deferred," crushing their spirits beneath the weight of disappointment, can imagine its influence over the whole man, mental and physical. External circumstances, by elevating and depressing hope, not only impair and diminish appetite, respiration, circulation, &c., but augment the power and energy of the intellect, or weaken and enfeeble the mind. Hence Hope should never be allowed to flag. Gloomy forebodings and despondency, should never be indulged, but should be dismissed at once. To dismiss them,

of

especially when Cautiousness is larger than Hope, remember that gloomy apprehensions are caused, not from the unsavorable aspect

your circumstances, but froin your Hope. If that were larger, the same prospects would appear to you in a very different light. I pity the desponding heart ; yet none need despond. If they cannot obtain all they wish, and borrow no trouble about future, “Sur. ficient unto the day is the evil thereof."

If this organ be too large, and therefore liable to lead you into the opposite extreme of visionary scheines, remember that your splendid prospects are caused by the magnifying influ'nce of Hope. Dock off half or two-thirds from what you really expect to obtain, and try the remainder. This is all you may reasonably calculate upon. Your high expectations grow solely from your large Hope, and not out of any reality. Bear in mind that you are constitutionally inclined to over-rale every prospect, and to underrate every difficulty. Besides, you are not contented with the present, because you think you could do so much better in something else. Hence, never los: a certainty in grasping after an uncertainty. Go more slowly and surely. Do not try so many experiments, or enter on so many schemes. Undertake but half what you are disposed to. In short: put intellect, prudence, and your other restraining faculties over against Hope, and do not allow yourself to act on its chimerical projects.

And let all guard against both the excess and the absence of Hope. Thousands are slaves either to the deficiency or the excess of this faculty ; the former, making the worst of their fate, and suffering in the mere apprehension of imaginary evil; the latter, producing the wild extravagances of 1836, and resulting in the downfall of the thousands that ensued.

MARVELLOUSNESS.

• Without faith it is imposible to see God." Faith ; belief in a special Divine Prori lence, and reliance upon il

for guilince; the leading element of true piely; belief in stipernatural manifest itions ; a realiza!ion of the presence of God, ant com n'ınion with him : belief in the new, strange, mysterious, and remarkable. ADAPTATION. That a spiritual state exists, and that spiritual beings exist in that state, including the Supreme Being, has been the al.

universal teief of mankind in all ages and conditions; and many , even of intelligence and true mental greatness, believe in vastais, dreams, pre-monitions, second-si_hts, prognosticat. 28 s nisl percepions, and even ghosts, &c. Children, also, Triq pay on to enable them to place confidence in the asser17,5', che they could believe nothing till they had positire esince, which their limited oliservations and feeble reasoning per parelude. To this spiritual state of being, and this requiWe fur brief, this faculty is alaped. There are doubtless two OP225, one for trusting in a Divine Providence, or resignation to Le Divine Wil, and the other, belief in the wonderful and marvelb. The fermer is located near Veneration, and the latter, near

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Tone who pride themselves in beliving nothing till it is demonrd, w.il do well to read in Phrenology the existence and funcLing of this fa ulty, and with it the duty, pleasure, and profit deriv

en tbe le z.timate exercise of this organ. This should be *.-, yet great care should be taken lest it degenerate into supotr Rolance on God, and resignation to his vill, are consolBir;":ta; ferlings, calculated to purify the heart and mend ten? T... 03 zan is usually small in the American head, and base cu ide of the prevalence of molern impiety and inLE',

Tor......s fa-ally bear in mind that you are too incredub. 0, y mind to conviction. Cultivate the spiritual in

7. ., chish the feelings imparte i by th:s faculty.

Tissothos fasuly, remember that you have too much of 6, 221 5. t* upon the feeling it produces.

VENERATION.

* Tha, God, seest me." irrispopa Supreme Bez; alalun of a God; rererence for tr... and thing? nared; du pontion to pray and obserne rely prosesl; deration.

Aputin * -Thue the sentiment of worship of God, in calcu. Bancord, of pr.parely exercise, to benefit mankind by promoting moral puer ty es gruntal enjoyment, is self-evident. Under the beads of Locaisy Roi Destructiveness, the importance of cultivating the reconduct; to pay one's own way through life, and take favors of no one, &c.; and the upper portion, experiencing the function of dignity, elevation, self-respect, &c. Love of power, is doubtless located near Self-Esteem. On all Napoleon coin, the lower portion of Self-Esteem presents a most extraordinary protuberance. Lovers of popular liberty, and all true republicans, will be found deficient there.

To cultivate Self-Esteem, remember that this poor opinion of yourself which oppresses you, this sense of unworthiness, inferiority, insignificance, and shrinking dillidence under which you labor, is caused, not by your actual interiority and unworthiness, but by your small Self-Esteem ; that you underrate yourself, and require to hold up your head, and assume more to yourself. That is, let your intellect counteract this defect, and then cultivate the feeling, hy standing and walking erect, and feeling that you are as good as other, and do not indulge this feeling of hurnility and self-at asement. If it be small in a child, do not command that child much, nor conquer or suludue its will, but try to clevate him in his own estimation. Much injury is done to children by ruling them with too much severity, thus breaking down their independence of feeling.

To diminish Self-Esteem, bear in mind, that these high notions of yourself proceed, not from the fact that you are better than others, but solely from your having too large an organ of self-conceit. Measure your head. Examine your developments. They are only 80. But Self-Esteem is very large. Hence you are led to orerrate yourself and all that appertains to you. Then why swell and swagger thus. Besides, these high-lown pretensions only render you ridiculous. Remember, that you are more disposed to lead than others are to follow-to command than others to obey, or than you should be to lead or command. Ilumble yourself. Keep your inordinate self-conceit to yourself. I repeat, bear constantly in mind, that these high-sounding pretensions grow out of your over-developed Self-Esteem, and not out of your real worth; and if you have any sense left, this reflection cannot fail to humble you, and diminish the organ.