and amended or supplemental certificate hereafter executed shall be in the English language, and except of a religious, cemetery, moneyed, municipal or fire department corporation, shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of State, and shall be by him duly recorded and indexed in books specially provided therefor; and a certified copy of such certificate or amended or supplemental certificate with a certificate of such filing and record, or a duplicate original of such certificate or amended or supplement certificate shall be filed and similarly recorded and indexed in the office of the clerk of the county in which the office of the corporation is to be located, or, if it be a nonstock corporation, and such county be not determined upon at the time of executing the certificate of incorporation, in such county clerk's office as the judge approving the certificate shall direct. All taxes required by law to be paid before or upon incorporation and the fees for filing and recording such certificates must be paid before filing. No corporation shall exercise any corporate powers or privileges until such taxes and fees have been paid.

SECTION 10. No corporation shall possess or exercise any corporate powers not given by law, or not necessary to the exercise of the powers so given. The certificate of incorporation of any corporation may contain any provisions for the regulation of the business and the conduct of the affairs of the corporation, and any limitation upon its powers, or upon the powers of its directors and stockholders, which does not exempt them from the performance of any obligation or the performance of any duty imposed by law.

SECTION 11. Every corporation as such has power, though not specified in the law under which it is incorporated

1. To have succession for the period specified in its certificate of incorporation or by law, and perpetually when no period is specified.

2. To have a common seal and alter the same at pleasure.

3. To acquire by grant, gift, purchase, devise or bequest, to hold and to dispose of such property as the purposes of the corporation shall require, subject to such limitations as may be prescribed by law.

4. To appoint such offices and agents as its business shall require, and to fix their compensation, and

5. To make by-laws, not inconsistent with any existing law, for the management of its property, the regulation of its affairs, and the transfer of its stock, if it has any, and the calling of meetings of its members. Such by-laws also fix the amount of stock which must be represented at meetings of the stockholders in order to constitute a quorum, unless otherwise provided by law. By-laws duly adopted at a meeting of the members of the corporation shall control the action of its directors. No by-law adopted by the Board of Directors regulating the election of directors or officers shall be valid unless published for at least once a week for two successive weeks in a newspaper in the county where the election is to be held, and at least thirty days before such election. Subdivisions four and five of this section shall not apply to municipal corporations.

SECTION 15. No foreign stock corporation other than a monied corporation, shall do business in this State without having first procured from the Secretary of State a certificate that it has complied with all the requirements of law to authorize it to do business in this State, and that the business of the corporation

to be carried on in this State is such as may be lawfully carried on by a corporation incorporated under the laws of this State for such or similar business, or, if more than one kind of business, by two or more corporations so incorporated for such kinds of business respectively. The Secretary of State shall deliver such certificate to every such corporation so complying with the requirements of law. No such corporation now doing business in this State shall do business herein after December 31, 1892, without having procured such certificate from the Secretary of State, but any lawful contract previously made by the corporation may be performed and enforced within the State subsequent to such date. No foreign stock corporation doing business in this State without such certificate shall maintain any action in this State upon any contract made by it in this State until it shall have procured such certificate.

SECTION 29. The affairs of every corporation shall be managed by its board of directors, at least two of whom shall be residents of this State. Unless otherwise provided by law a majority of the board of directors of a corporation at a meeting duly assembled shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors. Subject to the by-laws, if any, adopted by the members of a corporation, the directors may make necessary by-laws of the corporation.

The following additional provisions are from the Stock Corporation Law:

SECTION 2. In addition to the powers conferred by the general corporation law, every stock corpora

tion shall have power to borrow money or contract debts, when necessary for the transaction of its business, or for the exercise of its corporate rights, privileges or franchises, or for any other lawful purpose of its incorporation; and may issue and dispose of its obligations for any amount so borrowed, and may mortgage its property and franchises to secure the payment of such obligations or of any debt contracted for the purposes herein specified; and the amount of the obligations issued and outstanding at any one time secured by such mortgages, excepting mortgages given as a consideration for the purchase of real estate, and mortgages authorized by contracts made prior to May first, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, shall not exceed the amount of its paid-up capital stock or an amount equal to two-thirds of the value of its corporate property at the time of issuing the obligations secured by such mortgages, in case such two-thirds' value shall be more than the amount of such paid up capital stock. No such mortgages, except purchase-money mortgages, shall be issued without the consent of the stockholders owning at least two-thirds of the stock of the corporation, which consent shall be in writing and shall be filed and recorded in the office of the clerk or register of the county where it has its principal place of business, or shall be given by vote at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose; and a certificate of the vote at such meeting, signed and sworn to by the chairman, and secretary of such meeting, shall be filed and recorded as aforesaid. When authorized by such consent, the directors, under such regulations as they may adopt, may confer on the holder of any debt or obligation secured by such mortgage the right to convert the principal thereof,

after two and not more than twelve years, from the date of the mortgage into stock of the corporation; and if the capital stock shall not be sufficient to meet the conversion when made, the stockholders shall, in the manner herein provided, authorize an increase of capital stock sufficient for that purpose.

SECTION 7. No domestic stock corporation and no foreign corporation doing business in this State shall combine with any other corporation or person for the creation of a monoply or the unlawful restraint of trade or for the prevention of competition in any necessary of life.

SECTION 20. The directors of every stock corporation shall be chosen from the stockholders at the time and place fixed by the by-laws of the corporation by a plurality of the votes of the stockholders voting at such election. Vacancies in the board of directors shall be filled in the manner prescribed in the by-laws, and if a director shall cease to be a stockholder his office shall become vacant. Notice of the time and place of holding any election of directors shall be given by publication thereof, at least once in each week for two successive weeks immediately preceding such election, in a newspaper published in the county where such election is to be held, and in such other manner as may be prescribed in the by-laws. Policy holders of an insurance corporation shall be eligible to election as directors. At least one-fourth in number of the directors of every stock corporation shall be elected annually.

SECTION 22. When the directors of any corporation for the first year of its corporate existence shall hold over and continue to be directors after the first year, because of their neglect or refusal to adopt the