Do wow, of the Hebrews. Many places of reputed sanctity, such as Same, Samos, Samothrace, Samorna, were denominated from it. Philo Biblius informs us, that the Syrians, and Canaanites, lifted up their hands to Baal-Samen, the Lord of Heaven; under which title they honoured the Sun: * Τας χείρας ορεγειν εις ερανες προς τον Ήλιον τετον γαρ, φησι, θεον ενόμιζον μόνον ΟΥΡΑΝΟΥ ΚΥΡΙΟΝ ΒΑΑΛΣΑΜΗΝ καλέντες. Ephesus was a place of great sanctity: and its original name was 28 Samorna; which seems to be a compound of Sam-Oran, Cœlestis Sol, fons Lucis. We read of Samicon in Elis, 29 xwpsov Eauxor, with a sacred cavern: and of a town called 30 Samia, which lay above it. The word Σuvos was a contraction of Semanos, from Sema-on; and properly signified divine and celestial. Hence σεμναι θεαι, σεμνη κορα. Antient Syria was particularly devoted to the worship of the Sun, and of the Heavens; and it was by the natives called Shems and Shams: which undoubtedly means the land of Shemesh, from the worship there followed. It retains the name at this " day. 27 Philo apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. 1. 1. c. 10. Arabibus Sol Talos, Taños, et Samasa. Lilius Gyrald. Syntag. 7. p. 280. 23 Stephanus Byzant. 29 Pausanias. 1. 5. p. 386. 30 Pausanias. 1. 5. p. 387, 388. 31 Abulfeda. Tab. Syriæ. p. 5. Syria Scham appellata. Di In Canaan was a town and temple, called BethShemesh. What some expressed Shem and Sham, the Lubim seem to have pronounced Zam: hence the capital of Numidia was named Zama, and Zamana, from Shamen, Cœlestis. This we may learn from an inscription in 3 Reineccius. JULIO. PROCULO. PRÆF. URB. PATRONO. COL. BYZACENE. ET. PA 33 ZAMANE. REGIÆ. Ham being the Apollo of the east, was worshipped as the Sun; and was also called Sham and Shem. This has been the cause of much perplexity, and mistake: for by these means many of viditur Syria in quinque præfecturas, quarum unicuique nomine proprio nomen, Al Scham, scil. Syriæ, commune datur. Excerptum ex Ibn Ol Wardi. p. 176. Abulfeda supposes, that Syria is called Scham, quasi sinistra. It was called Sham for the same reason that it was called Syria. Σύρος γαρ ὁ ἥλιος, the same as Σειριος. Persa Συρη Deum vocant. Lilius Gyraldus. Syntag. 1. p. 5. Eugia dɛα, i. e. Dea Cœlestis. Syria is called at this day Souristan. Souris from Sehor, Sol, Σειριος of Greece. 32 Reineccii Syntagma. Class. 6. cxxii. p. 458. 33 El-Samen was probably the name of the chief temple at Zama; and comprised the titles of the Deity, whom the Numidians worshipped. El Samen signifies Deus Cœlestis, or Cœlorum: which El Samen was changed by the Romans to Ælia Zamana. と his posterity have been referred to a wrong line, and reputed the sons of Shem; the title of one brother not being distinguished from the real name of the other. Hence the Chaldeans have by some been adjudged to the line of 34 Shem: and Amalek, together with the people of that name, have been placed to the same account. His genealogy is accordingly represented by Ebn Patric. He makes him the son of Aad, and great grandson of Shem. 35 Fuitque Aad filius Arami, filius Shemi, filius Noæ. The author of the Chronicon Paschale speaks of " Chus, as of the line of Shem and Theophilus in his treatise to Autolycus does the same by 37 Mizraïm. Others go farther, and add Canaan to the 38 number. Now these are confessedly the immediate sons of 39 Ham: 34 36 4 Ισεον δε οι Χαλδαιοι απο το Σημ κατάγονται, εξ & και ὁ Αβρααμ. Syncelli Chronograph. p. 98. 35 Eutychii sive Ebn Patricii Hist. vol. 1. p. 60. 36 Εκ της φυλης το Σημ Χους ονόματι, ὁ Αιθιοψ. Chron. Paschal. p. 36. 37 Ετερος δε υιος το Σημ -- ονόματι Μετρατΐμ. Theophilus ad Autolyc. 1. 2. p. 370. 38 Alii Shemi filium faciunt Canaanem. Relandi Palæstina. v. 1. p. 7. 39 The sons of Ham; Cush and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan. Genesis. c. 10. v. 6. Ham is the father of Canaan. Genesis. c. 9. v. 18, 22. From Sam, and Samen, came Summus; and Hercules Sum manus; Samabethi, Samanai, Samonacodoma. so that we may understand, who was properly alluded to in these passages under the name of Shem. MACAR. This was a sacred title given by the Amonians to their Gods; which often occurs in the Orphic hymns, when any Deity is invoked. 40 Κλύθι, Μακαρ Παιαν, τιτυοκτονε, Φοιβε Λυκωρεύ. 41 * Κλύθι, Μακαρ, πανδερκες εχων αιώνιον όμμα. 42 Many people assumed to themselves this title; and were styled 4 Manages, or Macarians: and various colonies were supposed to have been led by an imaginary personage, Macar, or " Macareus. In consequence of this, we find that the most antient name of many cities and islands was 43 4o Orphic. Hymn. 33. 41 * Orphic. Hymn. 7. So Exe Manag, to Hercules, and to Pan. Κλύθι Μακαρ, to Dionusus. Also, Μακαρ Νηρεύς. Κλύθι, Μακας, Owvwv, to Corybas the Sun. 42 · Μελπον δ ̓ ὁπλοτέρων Μακαρων γενεσιν τε, κρίσιν τε. Orphic. Argonaut. v. 42. 43 Diodorus Siculus. 1. 5. p. 327, 328. We read of Macaria in the Red Sea. Plin. 1. 6. c. 29. Το Τυρκαίον όρος, και Μακαρία. Diodorus Sic. 1. 3. p. 173. Macra, Macris, and Macaria. The Grecians supposed the term Macar to signify happy; whence Μακαρες θεοι was interpreted ευδαιμονες: but whether this was the original purport of the word may be difficult to determine. It is certain that it was a favourite term; and many places of sanctity were denominated from it. Macar, as a person, was by some esteemed the offspring of 45 Lycaon; by others, the son of 46 Eolus. Diodorus Siculus calls him 47 Macareus, and speaks 44 Cyprus was called Managia, with a town of the same name. Ptolem. Lesbos Macaria. Clarissima Lesbos; appellata Lana, Pelasgia, Aigeira, Ethiope, Macaria, a Macareo Jovis nepote. Plin. 1. 5. c. 31. and Mela. 1. 2. c. 7. p. 209. Όσσον Λεσβος ανω Μακαρος εδος εντος εεργει. Homer. Iliad. Ω. v. 544. Rhodes, called Macaria. Plin. 1. 5. c. 31. p. 79. A fountain in Attica was called Macaria. Pausanias. 1. 1. Part of Thrace, Macaria. Apollonius Rhod. 1. 1. v. 1115. A city in Arcadia. Maxapias. Manag, a king of Lesbos. Steph. Byzant. Clement. Cohort. p. 27. An island of Lycia, Macara. Steph. Byzant. The Macares, who were the reputed sons of Deucalion, after a deluge, settled in Chios, Rhodes, and other islands. Diodorus Sic. 1. 5. p. 347. 45 Pausanias. 1. 8. p. 602. He speaks of Macaria the daughter of Hercules. 1. 1. p. 80. 46 Pausanias. 1. 10. p. 896. 47 Diodorus. 1. 5. p. 347. Manag i Kgvans. Schol. in Homer, Iliad. . v. 544. |