the good king Josiah, that they brake down the altars of Baalim in his presence; and the Chaminim (or images of Cham) that were on high above them, he cut down. They were also styled Chamerim, as we learn from the prophet Zephaniah. Ham was esteemed the Zeus of Greece, and Jupiter of Latium. Αμμες, ὁ Ζευς, Αριςοτελεί.

10

་

8

Αμμεν γαρ Αιγυπτιοι καλέεσι τον Δια. Plutarch says, that, of all the Egyptian names which seemed to have any correspondence with the Zeus of Greece, Amoun or Ammon was the most peculiar and adequate. He speaks of many people, who were of this opinion: "ETI DE TWY TOMMY Ετι δε των πολλών νομίζοντων ίδιον παρ Αιγύπτιοις ονομα το Διος είναι τὸν Αμέν, ὁ παραγοντες ήμεις Αμμωνα λεγομεν. From Egypt his name and worship were brought into Greece';

II

3 I will cut off the remnant of Baal from this place, and the name of the Chammerim with the priests. Zephaniah. c. 1. v. 4. From hence we may, in some degree, infer who are meant by the Baalim. " Hesychius.

10 Herodotus. 1. 2. c. 42.

Ham sub Jovis nomine in Africâ diu cultus. Bochart. Geog. Sac. 1. 1. c. 1. p. 5.

Αμμωνα Λίβυες τον Δια προσαγορευεσι, και έτω τιμωσι' και γαρ και Φαιρος εν τοις Λακεδαιμονικοις επιβαλλων φησί,

Ζεν Λιβυης Αμμων, κερατηφόρε, κεκλυθι Μαντι.

Pindar. Pyth. ode 4. v. 28. Schol. "Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. vol. 2. p. 354. Zeus was certainly, as these writers say, a title given to Ham; yet it will be found originally to have belonged to his father; for titles were not uniformly appropriated.

as indeed were the names of almost all the Deities

there worshipped.

12

Σχεδόν δε και παντα τα ουνόματα

των Θεών εξ Αιγύπτε εληλυθε ες την Ελλαδα.

Almost all the names of the Gods in Greece were adventitious, having been brought thither from Egypt.

CHUS.

Chus was rendered by the Greeks Xuros, Chusus; but, more commonly, Xguros: and the places denominated from him were changed to Xgurn, Chruse; and to Chrusopolis. His name was often compounded "Chus-Or, rendered by the Greeks Xpuwg, Chrusor, and Chrusaor; which, among the Poets, became a favourite epithet, continually bestowed upon Apollo. Hence there were temples dedicated to him, called Chrusaoria. Chus, in the Babylonish dialect, seems to have been called Cuth; and many places, where his posterity settled, were styled Cutha, Cuthaia, Cutaia, Ceuta, Cotha,

12 Herodotus. 1. 2. c. 49. Speaking afterwards of the people at Dodona, he says, Χρονα πολλές διεξελθοντος, επύθοντο εκ της Αιγύπτε απικόμενα τα ουνοματα τα των θεων των άλλων, Διονυσε δε ύσερον πολλῷ suborto. c. 52. It was a long time before they had names for any of the Gods; and very late before they were acquainted with Dionusus; which Deity, as well as all the others, they received from Egypt. See also 1. 2. c. 59.

13 Sanchoniathon apud Eusebium prodit Ægyptiorum Knesse Phonicum Ayabodaspora, vel secundum Mochum, Keouga. See notes to lamblichus, by Gale. p. 801.

14 Chusistan, to the east of the Tigris, was the land of Chup:

and compounded "Cothon. 15 Cothon. He was sometimes expressed Casus, Cessus, Casius; and was still farther diversified.

16

Chus was the father of all those nations, styled

Ethiopians, who were more truly called Cuthites and Cuseans. They were more in number, and far more widely extended, than has been imagined. The history of this family will be the principal part of my inquiry.

CANAAN.

Canaan seems, by the Egyptians and Syrians, to have been pronounced Cnaan: which was by the Greeks rendered Cnas, and Cna. Thus we are told by Stephanus Byzantinus, that the antient name of Phenicia was Cna. Χνα, έτως ἡ Φοινικη εκαλείτο, το εθνικον Χναιος. The same is said by Philo Biblius, from Sanchoniathon. "Xva të πęWτe μetovoμadetos Divinos. And, in another place, he says, that Isiris, the same as Osiris, was the brother

it was, likewise, called Cutha, and Cissia, by different writers. A river and region, styled Cutha, mentioned by Josephus, Ant. Jud. 1.9. c. 14. n. 3. the same which by others has been called Cushan, and Chusistan.

16

15 The harbour at Carthage was named Cothon. Strabo. I. 17. p. 1189. Also, an island in that harbour. Diodorus Sic. 1. 3. p.168. Χουσον μεν οὐδεν έβλαψεν ὁ κρονος. Αιθίοπες yag, ὧν ηρξεν, ετι και νῦν ὑπὸ ἑαυτων τε και των εν τη Ασία παντων, ΧΟΥΣΑΙΟΙ καλούνται. Josephus. Ant. Jud. 1. 1. c. 6. § 2.

"Euseb. Præp. Evang. 1. 1. c. 10. p. 39.

to Cna. * Ισιρις-αδελφος Χνα : the purport of which is conformable to the account in the Scriptures, that the Egyptians were of a collateral line with the people of Canaan; or, that the father of the Mizraim and the Canaanites were brothers,

MIZRAIM.

This person is looked upon as the father of the Egyptians on which account one might expect to meet with many memorials concerning him ; but his history is so veiled under allegory and titles, that no great light can be obtained. It is thought, by many learned men, that the term, Mizraim, is properly a plural; and that a people are by it signified, rather than a person. This people were the Egyptians: and the head of their family is imagined to have been, in the singular, Misor, or Metzor. It is certain that Egypt, by Stephanus Byzantinus, is, amongst other names, styled Muaga, which, undoubtedly, is a mistake for Muraga, the land of Musar, or Mysar. It is, by 19 Eusebius and Suidas, called Mestraia; by

18 Sanchoniathon apud eundem. Ibid.

See Michaelis Geographia Hebræor. Extera. p. 2.

19 Ο πρωτος οίκησας την Μετραίαν χώραν, ήτοι Αίγυπτον, Μεσραΐμ, εξασίλευσεν εν αυτη τη Μετραία. Euseb. Chron. p. 17.

Mespain of the LXX.

Josephus calls the country of Egypt Mestra. Την γας Αίγυπτον

which is meant the land of Metzor, a different rendering of Mysor. Sanchoniathon alludes to this person under the name of 20 Miowe, Misor; and joins him with Sydic: both which he makes the sons of the Shepherds Amunus and Magus. Amunus, I make no doubt, is Amun, or Ham, the real father of Misor, from whom the Mizraim are supposed to be descended. By Magus, probably, is meant Chus, the father of those worshippers of fire, the Magi: the father, also, of the genuine Scythæ, who were styled Magog. The Canaanites, likewise, were his offspring: and, among these, none were more distinguished than those of Said, or Sidon; which, I imagine, is alluded to under the name of Sydic. It must be confessed, that the author derives it from Sydic, justice: and, to say the truth, he has, out of antient terms, mixed so many feigned personages with those that are real, that it is not possible to arrive at the truth.

Μετρην, και Μεσραιες της Αιγπτιος ἅπαντας, ὁι ταυτην οικεντες, και Av. Ant. Jud. 1. 1. c. 6. § 2.

20

Apud Euseb. Præp. Evan. 1. 1. c. 10. p. 36.

Hierapolis of Syria, was called Magog, or rather the city of Magog. It was also called Bambyce. Cœle (Syria) habet-Bambycen, quæ alio nomine Hierapolis vocatur, Syris vero Magog. Plin. Hist. Nat. 1. 5. § 19. p. 266.