Dionysium eundem esse volunt. Hence we find that Bacchus is the Sun, or Apollo; though supposed generally to have been a very different personage. In reality they are all three the same; each of them the Sun. He was the ruling Deity of the world: Ήλιε παγγενετος, παναίολε, χρυσεοφεγγες. 8 He was in Thrace esteemed, and worshipped as Bacchus, or Liber. 7 In Thraciâ Solem Liberum haberi, quem illi Sebadium nuncupantes magnâ religione celebrant: eique Deo in colle Zemisso ædes dicata est specie rotundâ. In short, all the Gods were one, as we learn from the same Orphic Poetry: 9 Εις Ζευς, εις Αΐδης, εις Ήλιος, εις Διονυσος, Εις θεος εν παντεσσι. Orphic. Fragment. in Macrob. Sat. 1. 1. c. 23. 7 Macrob. Sat. 1. 1. c. 18. He is called by Eumolpus Argoφανη Διονυσον εν ακτίνεσσι πνρωπον : apud Euseb. P. E. l. 9. c. 27. Zemissus is the Amonian Sames, or Samesh, analogous to Beth-Shemesh in the Scriptures. 9 Orphic. Fragment. 4. p. 364. edit. Gesner. See Stephani Poësis Philosoph. p. 80. from Justin Martyr. Some Deities changed with the season. Ηελιον δε θερας, μετοπώρης δ' άβρον Ιάω. It was therefore idle in the antients to make a disquisition about the identity of any God, as compared with another; and to adjudge him to Jupiter rather than to Mars, to Venus rather than Diana. Τον Οσιριν οι μεν Σεραπιν, διδε Διονυσον, διδε Πλέτωνα, τινες δε Δια, πολλοιδε Πανα νενομικασί. Some, says Diodorus, think that Osiris is Serapis; others that he is Dionusus; others still, that he is Pluto: many take him for Zeus, or Jupiter, and not a few for Pan. This was an unnecessary embarrassment: for they were all titles of the same God, there being originally by no means that diversity which is imagined, as Sir John Marsham has very justly observed. Neque enim tanta πολυθεοτης Gentium, quanta fuit Deorum huwa. It is said, above, that Osiris was by some thought to be Jupiter, and by others to be Pluto. But 12 To Macrobius. Saturn. 1. 1. c. 18. p. 202. He mentions Jupiter Lucetius, and Diespater, the God of day; and adds, Cretenses Δια την ήμεραν vocant. The Cretans call the day dia. The word dies of the Latines was of the same original. " Diodorus Siculus. 1. 1. p. 22. 42 Chronolog. Canon. p. 32. Pluto, among the best theologists, was esteemed the same as Jupiter; and indeed the same as Proserpine, Ceres, Hermes, Apollo, and every other Deity. 13 Πλετων, Περσεφόνη, Δημήτηρ, Κύπρις, Ερωτες, 13 Hermesianax. It may be worth while to observe below, how many Gods there were of the same titles and departments. Пatorios Alorios. Hesy, chius. Pæonia Minerva. Plutarch. de decem Rhetoribus. Παλαίμων Ηρακλης. Hesychius. Ιητης παντων, Ασκληπιε, δέσποτα Παιαν. Orphic. H. 66. Olen, the most antient mythologist, made Eilithya to be the mother of Eros; so that Eilithya and Venus must have been the same, and consequently Diana. Μητέρα Έρωτος Ειλιθείαν είναι. Pausan. 1. 9. p. 762. Adonim, Attinem, Osirim et Horum aliud non esse quam Solem. Macrobius Sat. 1. 1. c. 21. p. 209. Janus was Juno, and styled Junonius. Macrob. Sat. 1. 1. c. 9. p. 159. Lunam; eandem Dianam, eandem Cererem, eandem Junonem, eandem Proserpinam dicunt. Servius in Georgic. 1. 1. v. 5. Astarte, Luna, Europa, Dea Syria, Rhea, the same. Lucian. de Syriâ Deâ. Κείοι Αρισαιον τον αυτον και Δια και Απολλω νομίζοντες, κτλ. Athenagoras. p. 290. 'HAOS, ZEUS. Sanchoniathon. Euseb. P. E. lib. 1. c. x. p. 34. Haos, Kpovos. Damascius apud Photium. c. 242. Ἑρμηςθ ̓, Ἡφαισος τε κλυτος, Παν; Ζευς τε, και Ήξη, There were to be sure a number of strange attributes, which by some of the poets were delegated to different personages; but there were other writers who went deeper in their researches, and made them all centre in one. They sometimes represented this sovereign Deity as Dionusus; who, according to Ausonius, was worshipped in various parts under different titles, and comprehended all the Gods under one character. Sometimes the supremacy was given to Pan, who was esteemed Lord of all the elements. 14 Auson. Epigram. 30. See Gruter for inscriptions to Apollo Pantheon. Dionusus was also Atis, or Attis. Διονυσον τινες Αττιν προσαγορευεσθαι θελώσιν. Clementis Cohort. p. 16. 15 Πανα καλω, κρατερόν Νομιον, κόσμοιο τε σύμπαν, More generally it was conferred upon Jupiter: 16 Ζευς εσιν αιθήρ, Ζευς δε γη, Ζευς δ' Ουρανος Ζευς τοι τα παντα. Poseidon, God of the sea, was also reputed the chief God, the Deity of Fire. This we may infer from his priest. He was styled a Purcon, and denominated from him, and served in his oracular temples; as we learn from Pausanias, who says, 17 Ποσειδωνι δ ̓ ὑπηρέτην ες τα μαντεύματα είναι Πυρκωνα, He mentions a verse to the same purpose. Συν δε τε Πύρκων αμφιπολος κλυτε Εννοσίγαιε. Purcon is Ig 15 Orphic. Hymn. x. p. 200. Gesner. Παρ' Αιγυπτίοισι δε Παν μεν αρχαιοτατος, και των οκτω των πρώτων λεγομένων Θεών. Herodotus. 1. 2. c. 145. Priapus was Zeus; also Pan, and Orus; among the people of Lampsacus esteemed Dionusus. 16 Euphorion. 17 L. 10. p. 805, |