DANE, NATHAN, and North-
west Ordinance, 125; Anti-
Federalist, 277.
Davie, William, on grand com-
mittee, 235; on slave rep-
resentation, 259.

Day, Luke, in Shays's rebellion,
163.

Dayton, Jonathan, of small-
state party, 233.
Debts to British merchants,
treaty provision, 12, 25, 26;
dispute over treaty, 104, 105.
See also Public debt.
Delaware, ratification conven-
tion, 286.

Derby, E. H., privateering, 72;
East Indian trade, 76.
Dickinson, John, in Federal
convention, 190; on popular
election, 205; of small-state
party, 209, 211, 213.
Division of powers, problem of
Union, 176, 178, 223; in
Federal convention, 195-197,
221-226, 241-244, 254.

EAST INDIAN trade, 76.
Economic conditions, post-Rev-
olutionary, 69-71, 78; bibli-
ography, 327. See also Com-
merce, Finances.
Education, provision in North-
west Ordinance, 121; public-
land sections, 127.
Ellsworth, Oliver, in Federal
convention, 189; of small-
state party, 209; on national
government, 223; compro-
mise, 229; on grand com-
mittee, 234; on Anti-Feder-
alism in Virginia, 298; on
Federal government, 315.
England, in 1782, 3, 9; Rock-
ingham ministry, 4-6; post-
Revolutionary trade policy,
74, 84, 105; indifference tow-
ard America, 89, 107; reten-
tion of frontier posts, 101,|

104; first minister to, 102,
103; bibliography, 329. See
also Peace of 1783.
Executive department, under
Confederation, 51, 52; fed-
eral, in Virginia plan, 193;
requirements, 266; election
of president, 267–270.
Exeter, New Hampshire, mob,
147.

FEDERAL Convention, genesis,
179-182; call, 182, 183; dele-
gates, 184-190; organization,
190-192; national party, 191,
207; documents, 192; Vir-
ginia plan, 192-194; veto of
state laws, 194, 205-207,
246, 249; Pinckney's plan,
194; national government and
division of powers, 195-197,
221-226, 237, 241-244; pro-
portional representation, 197-
199, 207-211, 227-239; small-
state party, 198, 208, 229,
240; election for House, 199,
204; coercion of states, 202,
214, 224, 244; plan assumes
shape, 203; election for Sen-
ate, 205; adoption of Virginia
plan, 211, 219; New Jersey
plan, 212-220; Constitution
as supreme law, 215,246-252;
Hamilton's plan, 218, 219;
Connecticut compromise, 225,
226, 229; bicameral legislat-
ure, 226; grand committee on
representation, 234; its com-
promise report, 235: com-
promise adopted, 238, 239;
success of national party,
240; direct federal legislation,
242-245; powers of Congress,
253; proportionment of rep-
resentation, 254-258; influ-
ence of West, 254,
257; slave representation,
255, 257-260; sectional lines,
260, 265; commercial powers,

256,

261, 265; slave - trade, 262-
265; requirements of execu-
tive, 266; separation of pow-
ers, 267; election of president,
267-270; dissatisfaction with
draft, 270-272; signing, 272;
greatness of result,
272;
genesis of Constitution, 273-
276; bibliography, 318-324,
333.
Federalist, The, 307, 308, 335.
Federalists, origin, 280; charac-
ter, 290, 291.
Finances, loans, 31, 56; lack
of central control, 50; super-
intendent, 51; attempted im-
post, 53-55, 79, 82, 83;
dire straits, 55, 58, 82; over-
drafts, 57; failure of requi-
sitions, 69, 80; salaries un-
paid, 87; bibliography, 326.
See also Money, Paper money,
Taxation.
Findley, William, Anti - Feder-
alist, 283.
Fisheries, and treaty of peace,
25, 26.

Floridas, boundary of West, 27,

29, 91, 92; ceded to Spain, 32.
Foreign affairs, indifference of

Europe, 8, 9; bibliography,
328. See also nations by

name.

Fox, C. J., and Shelburne, 5, 6.
France, conditions in 1782, 9-
II; American and Spanish
alliances, 10, 21; and treaty
of peace, 13-24; loans, 31,
56; peace with England, 32;
unrequited sacrifices, 32; in-
difference toward America,
89.

Franklin, Benjamin, peace com-
missioner, 7; as a diplomat,
8; informal negotiations, II;
peace proposals, 11; and his
instructions, 17; negotiations,
24-29; and Vergennes, 31;
credit for treaty, 32; in

Federal convention, 184; de-
sires prayers, 227; on grand
committee, 234; on draft
Constitution, 270.
Franklin, state of, 133-135.
Frontier, profits by Revolution,
71. See also West.
Frontier posts, retention and
trade, 74, 101, 104; bibliog-
raphy, 329.

Fugitive slaves, rendition, 117.
Fur- trade, and retention of
frontier posts, 74, 102.

GALLATIN, ALBERT, Anti-Fed-
eralist, 312.

Gardoqui, Diego de, negotia-
tions, 94-101.

Gates, Horatio, and Newburg
address, 65.

conven-

George III., after Yorktown,
3; and Whigs (1782), 4; and
Adams, 103.
Georgia, ratification
tion, 286.
Gerry, Elbridge, in Federal con-
vention, 189; on popular
election, 199, 204; on grand
committee, 234; yields on rep-
resentation, 238; fears West,
256; refuses to sign, 273;
Anti-Federalist, 287.

Gibraltar, Spain desires, 10;
not ceded, 32, 33.

Gladstone, W. E., mistake on
Constitution, 273.

Gorham, Nathaniel, on com-
mercial union, 262; Fed-
eralist, 291.
Government, American theories
(1783), 40-42; constituent
convention, 42; division of
powers, 49, 176, 178, 223;
genesis of territorial, 115,
I20. See also Confedera-
tion, Constitution, Federal
convention.

Grayson, William, Anti-Fed-
eralist, 299.

HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, and
army discontent, 60; effort
for impost, 83; on need of
coercive power, 170; Annap-
olis convention report, 182;
in Federal convention, 188,
236; plan, 218, 219; on state
sovereignty, 228; on small-
state party, 229; The Federal-
ist, 307, 308; în ratification
convention, 310, 311.
Hampshire resolves, 159.
Hancock, John, and Consti-
tution, 292, 294.
Henry, Patrick, and naviga-
tion of Mississippi, 99; Anti-
Federalist, 278, 299; in rati-
fication convention, 300-305.
Holland, war with England, 9;
loans, 81; American treaty
(1782), 90.

Independence, recognition by
England, 13, 17.
Indians, Spanish influence,
93;
English influence, 101; and
Southwest settlers, 130.

JAY, JOHN, peace commissioner,
7; in Spain, 7; character, 8;
suspicions of France, 13-24;
breaks instructions, 16, 17;
negotiations, 24-29; credit
for treaty, 31; foreign secre-
tary, 52; apprehensive (1786)
87; negotiations with Gar-
doqui, 94-101;_on_violation
of treaty, 105; The Federalist,
307, 308.
Jefferson, Thomas, peace com-
missioner, 7; on government,
41, 175; and Tripolitan am-
bassador, 107; western or-
dinance, 114-117.

vention, 189; compromise 225.
Judiciary, state, bound by
constitutions, 152, 153, 247-
250; federal, in Virginia plan,
193; to apply Constitution,
250-252.

KENTUCKY, beginnings, 131,
132; discontent, 136. See
also Southwest, West.
King, Rufus, and territorial
slavery, 117; and Northwest
Ordinance, 125; hostile to a
convention, 173; in Federal
convention, 189; on state
sovereignty, 221-223; on
small-state demands, 233,
238; fears West, 256; Fed-
eralist, 291.

Knox, Henry, on army patriot-
ism, 63; on agitations (1786),
142, 156; on character of
Federalists, 287, 290.

LAND. See Public land.
Lansing, John, in Federal con-

vention, 188; of small-state
party, 209; on bicameral legis-
lature, 224; leaves the con-
vention, 236; Anti - Federal-
ist, 308.

Laurens, Henry, peace commis-
sioner, 7; captured, 7.
Law of the land, Constitution
as, 215, 246-252.
Lawyers, agitation against, 157
-159, 289, 290.
Lee, R. H., fears Congress, 54;

on coercive power, 175; Anti-
Federalist, 277, 299.
Legislation, constitutional con-
trol of, 152, 246–251.
Lincoln, Benjamin, secretary
of war, 52; on agitations
(1786), 157; and Shays's re-
bellion, 163.
Livingston, Robert R., foreign
secretary, 52; Federalist, 308.

12, 25-28; principles, 36;
character, 37; importance of
expatriation, 38; treatment
after peace, 105.

MCKEAN, THOMAS, Federalist,
283.

Madison, James, mental equip-
ment, 144; fight against
paper money, 145; and
tobacco tender, 145; effort
to improve Confederation,
171; on national authority,
178; and Annapolis conven-
tion, 180-182; preparation
for Federal convention, 185;
indictment of Confederation,
186; in convention, 187;
notes of debates, 192; on
representation, 197; favors
enumerated powers, 202; au-
thor of Virginia plan, 202;
on veto of state laws, 206;
on national government, 224;
on state sovereignty, 228;
on standing army, 228; on
coercion of states, 244; on
slave-trade, 263; in ratifica-
tion convention, 300, 301;
on character of Federal gov-
ernment, 301; The Federalist,
307, 308; on provisional rati-
fication, 310.
Mails in 1783, 45.
Marbois, letter of, 14, 19.
Marietta founded, 126.
Marshall, John, Federalist, 300.
Martin, Luther, in Federal con-
vention, 190; of small-state
party, 209, 227, 240; on
grand committee, 234; on
constitution as law, 246; on
slave trade, 263; refuses to
sign, 273; Anti-Federalist, 295.
Maryland, and western claims,
109, 110; Potomac commis-
sion, 179; ratification con-
vention, 295.

lation, 196; on popular elec-
tion, 199, 204; on coercion of
states, 224; on grand com-
mittee, 234; on influence of
West, 257; on navigation
laws, 262; on slavery, 263;
refuses to sign, 273; Anti-
Federalist, 280, 299, 303; on
slave-trade, 304.

con-

Massachusetts, cedes western
claim, 111; no paper money,
143; social discontent, 154-
159; Hampshire resolves, 159;
Shays's rebellion, 160-166;
proposes a convention, 173;
discussion of Constitution,
287-291; ratification
vention, 291–295.
Minorca ceded to Spain, 32.
Mississippi, Spain and free
navigation, 15, 16, 29, 91–99;
interest of West, 100.
Money, circulation of specie, 76;
variety, 138; counterfeiting
and mutilation, 139; decimal
ratio, 139; plan of coinage,
140. See also Paper money.
Monroe, James, views of West,
118; Anti-Federalist, 299.
Morocco_treaty, 106.
Morris, Gouverneur, and army

discontent 61; in Federal
convention, 187; gives form
to Constitution, 187; sug-
gests resolutions, 195; on
representation, 237; fears
West, 256; on taxation and
representation, 258.

Morris, Robert, superintendent
of finances, 51; on financial
condition, 55, 58; maligned,
57; on economic condition
(1783), 69; in Federal con-
vention, 187.

NASHVILLE settled, 132.
Navigation acts, American
profit, 73; attempted con-