229; title to works of art removed by
victor shall be settled by treaty, L. II.
36, 357; victor may remove works of,
L. II. 36, 357; works of, must be pro-
tected, L. II. 35, 356
Article, excluded, H.C. 1899. III. 10, 77
Articles, additional, of 1868, 378
Asphyxiating or deleterious gases, pro-
hibition of diffusion of, H.C. 1899. 19,
81
Assassination is forbidden, L. IX. 148,
374; O.M. II. 8 (b), 390
Assessor. See under International Prize
Court
Attorneys, who may act for private indi-
viduals before international prize court
as, H.C. 1907. XII. 26, 301
Austria-Hungary, reservation to, H.C.
1907. IV. 343
Automatic submarine contact mines,
convention relative to the laying of,
H.C. 1907. VIII. 136, 252; ratified
(note), 259
Award. See Arbitration procedure; in
arbitration of contract debts the va-
lidity, amount, and time of payment of
claim shall be determined by, H.C.
1907. II. 2, 195; powers agree not to
use force in collecting contract debts
except when debtor refuses to arbitrate
or carry out, H.C. 1907. II. 1, 194
Balloons, declaration prohibiting launch-
ing of projectiles and explosives from,
H.C. 1899. 19, 79; H.C. 1907. XIV.
136, 332; ratified (note), 334.
Belligerent armies, intercourse between
territories occupied by, L. V. 86, 365;
army, neutral power is not responsible
if persons cross frontier singly to join,
H.C. 1907. V. 6, 232; can not compel
nationals of enemy to take part against
their country, H.Č. 1907. IV. a. 23 (n),
220; can not erect telegraph station on
neutral territory or use one so erected be-
fore the war for military purposes, H.C.
1907. V. 3, 231; H.C. 1907. V. 5, 232;
can not have more than three war ships
in harbor of neutral at one time, H.C.
1907. XIII. 15, 323; can not move
troops or munitions of war across neu-
tral territory, H.C. 1907. V. 2, 231;
H.C. 1907. V. 5, 232; captor exercises
jurisdiction in first instance over cap-
tured prize, H.C. 1907. XII. 2, 290; if
capture of prize is judged valid, vessel
is disposed of according to law of cap-
tor, H.C. 1907. XII. 8, 294; interested
neutral has right of appointing naval
officer as assessor in international prize
court, H.C. 1907. XII. 18, 298; shall
care for sick and wounded whatever
their nationality, G.C. 1906. I, 403;
shall protect sick and wounded on the
field after battle, G.C. 1906. 3, 404;
commanders of fleets will carry out,
H.C. 1907. X.; H.C. 1907. X. 19 (n),
276; controls hospital ships, H.C. 1899.
III. 4, 75; H.C. 1907. X. 4, 269; con-
verting merchant ship into war ship
must announce the fact, H.C. 1907.
VII. 6, 248; may appeal to neutral
merchant ships and yachts to take sick
and wounded, H.C. 1907. X. 9 (n),
272; may ask to have its judge ad-
mitted to international prize court, if
it is not represented when a case comes
up before the court, H.C. 1907. XII.
16, 297; may declare its position re-
garding parole to other belligerent,
L. VIII. 132, 371; may demand that
sick and wounded on hospital ships,
private yachts, etc., be handed over
to it, H.C. 1907. X. 12 (n), 273; must
institute bureau of information regard-
ing prisoners of war, H.C. 1899. II. a.
14, 56; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 14, 215;
must pay for support of interned
troops by neutral, Q.M. II. 81, 399;
H.C. 1907. V. 12, 234; must remove
submarine mines laid off its coast upon
notification of their whereabouts from
other belligerent, H.C. 1907. VIII. 5,
254; must render mines harmless
within limited time and notify danger
zones to shippers, H.C. 1907. VIII. 3,
253; neutral can not supply ammuni-
tion, war material of any kind to, H.C.
1907. XIII. 6, 320; neutral loses neu-
trality by committing acts against,
H.C. 1907. V. 17, 235; neutral power
need not forbid use of telegraph or
telephone cables, public or private, to,
H.C. 1907. V. 8, 232; neutral state
must intern troops which it receives
from, D.B. LIII. 388; O.M. II. 79,
399; H.C. 1907. V. 11, 233; neutral-
ity secured by G.C. 1868, may be sus-
pended if misused by one, G.C. 1868.
Ad. XIV. 380; private hospital ships,
fitted out by neutral citizens, will not
be captured if under control of one,
H.C. 1899. III. 3, 74; H.C. 1907.
X. 3 (m), 268; shipwrecked, sick, and
wounded of one belligerent are pris-
oners of war in hand of other. Latter
must decide what disposition will be
made of them, H.C. 1899. III. 9, 77;
H.C. 1907. X. 14, 274; war ship. See
war ship, belligerent; vessels passing
through neutral waters do not affect
neutrality, H.C. 1907. XIII. 10, 321;
who has violated laws of neutral in re-
gard to neutral waters, may be pro-
hibited from entering at all, H.C. 1907.
XIII. 9, 321; wounded and sick may
pass through neutral state with its con-
sent, H.C. 1899. II. a. 59, 70; H.C.
1907. V. 14, 234
Belligerents, after engagement shall take
care of shipwrecked, sick and wounded,
prevent ill treatment of, and examine
the dead before burial, H.C. 1907. X.
16 (n), 275; and neutrals, vœu con-
cerning commercial and industrial
relations between, H.C. 1907, 139;
are limited as to means of injuring
enemy, D.B. XII. 384; H.C. 1899. II.
a. 22, 59; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 22, 218;
may control private hospital ships, G.C.
1868. Ad. XIII. 382; must respect
rights of neutrals, H.C. 1907. XIII. 1,
319; neutrals must show impartial
treatment to, H.C. 1907. XIII. 9,
321; H.C. 1907. V. 9, 232; shall in-
form each other of changes in dead
and wounded prisoners of war in their
possession, H.C. 1907. X. 17 (n), 275;
G.C. 1906. 4, 404; shall not break
agreements made with each other,
L. I. 11, 352; shall protect sanitary
formations and establishments, G.C.
1906. 6, 404; shall send marks of
identification of dead, and description
of sick and wounded to each other,
G.C. 1906. 4, 404; H.C. 1907. X. 17
(n), 275
Besieged may perhaps repair works dur-
ing armistice, L. VIII. 143, 373
Besiegers, may not improve works during
armistice, L. VIII. 143, 373; may re-
quest that hospitals be designated by
besieged, L. VI. 116, 369
Betrayal of information by citizen of the
United States, L. V. 89, 366
Blockade, must be effective, Paris, 349;
postal correspondence on neutral or
enemy ship is inviolable, unless in-
tended for blockaded port in violation
of, H.C. 1907. XI. 1, 282
Bolivia, reservation to, H.C. 1907. II, 341
Bombarded, requisitions may be de-
manded for immediate necessities in
proportion to resources, must be paid
for in cash or receipts given; if refused
town may be, H.C. 1907. IX. 3, 261
Bombardment, buildings devoted to re-
ligion, art, science, charity, hospital
service, historical purposes, should be
designated by besieged during, D.B.
XVII. 384; O.M. II. 34, 393; H.C.
1899. II. a. 27, 61; H.C. 1907. IV. a.
27, 221; H.C. 1907. IX. 5, 263; build-
ings devoted to religion, art, science,
charity, hospital service, historical pur-
poses, should be spared by besiegers
during, D.B. XVII. 384; O.M. II. 33,
393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 27, 61; H.C.
1907. IV. a. 27, 220; H.C. 1907. IX.
5, 262; by naval forces in time of war,
convention respecting, H.C. 1907. IX.
136, 259; ratified (note), 266; of
towns, vou concerning, H.C. 1899, 21;
by naval forces of undefended towns
is forbidden, H.C. 1907. IX. 1, 260;
failure to pay money contributions
will not permit, H.C. 1907. IX. 4,
262; information of to allow re-
moval of women and children, L. I.
19, 354; notice must be given if pos-
sible, H.C. 1907. IX. 6, 263; notice
of not necessary, L. I. 19, 354; notice
of to local authorities, O.M. II. 32,
393; notice should be given except in
case of assault, D.B. XVI. 384; H.C.
1899. II. a. 26, 60; H.C. 1907. IV. a.
26, 220; of military or naval estab-
lishments, workshops, etc., is allowed,
H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 260; but commander
must give notice if possible, H.C. 1907.
IX. 2, 260; and must protect town
in bombarding such establishments,
H.C. 1907. IX. 2, 261; of town
solely because there are mines in har-
bor is forbidden, H.C. 1907. IX. 1,
260; of undefended towns is forbid-
den, D.B. XV. 384; O.M. II. 31, 393;
H.C. 1899. II. a. 25, 60; H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 25, 220. See Bombardment by
Booty and captures, ownership is in gov-
ernment of captor, L. II. 45, 358
Brassard. See Arm band
Brazil, reservation to, H.C. 1907. I. 340
Brigands, members of levies en masse
are not, L. III. 52, 360
Brussels, project of an International
Declaration concerning the Laws and
Customs of War, adopted by the Con-
ference of, 382
Budgets, vou concerning limitation of
war, H.C. 1899. 20
Buildings, occupying state is usufructu-
ary of public, D.B. VII. 383; H.C.
1899. II. a. 55, 69; H.C. 1907, II. a.
55, 229; provisional administrator of,
O.M. II. 52, 396
Bullets, prohibition of use of expanding,
H.C. 1899. 19, 83; of use of explosive,
St. P., 381
Bureau, international. See International
Bureau
Bureau of information regarding pris-
oners of war, must be instituted by each
belligerent, H.C. 1899. II. a. 14, 56;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 14, 215; shall have
free postage, H.C. 1899. II. a. 16, 57;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 16, 217
Burial of prisoners of war, H.C. 1899.
II. a. 19, 58; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 19,
Capitulation, capitulator must not destroy
property in his possession after signing
of, L. VIII. 144, 373; conditions of,
D.B. XLVI. 388; must be in accord-
ance with military honor, H.C. 1899.
II. a. 35, 63; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 35,
223; must be scrupulously observed,
O.M. I. 5, 390; H.C. 1899. II. a. 35, 63;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 35, 223
Captive, after conclusion of peace pris-
oners of war can not be kept, O.M. II.
73, 398
Captor, officers among prisoners of war
receive same pay as the officers of the
army of the, H.C. 1907. IV. a. 17 (m),
217; this shall be returned by their
government at the conclusion of peace,
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 17, 217; ownership
of captures and booty is in the govern-
ment of the, L. II. 45, 358; parole
need not be given by prisoner or, L.
VII. 133, 371; D.B. XXXII. 386;
O.M. II. 77, 398; H.C. 1899. II. a.
11, 55; H.C. 1907. IV. a. II, 214;
prisoners of war are not prisoners of
individual but of government of, L.
III. 74, 363; O.M. II. 61, 397;
prisoners of war are under same rules
as army of, H.C. 1899. II. a. 8, 54;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 8, 213; prisoners
of war must reveal true rank to, L.
VI. 107, 368; prisoners of war shall
be maintained by the government
of the, and in the absence of agree-
ment on a footing equal to the
troops of the, D.B. XXVII. 386; O.M.
II. 69, 397; H.C. 1899. II. a. 7, 53;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 7, 212; ransom of
prisoner of war can not be taken by
individual, L. III. 74, 363
Captors, sick and wounded of whatever
nationality must be protected and
cared for by, G.C. 1868. Ad. XI. 380;
H.C. 1899. III. 8, 76; H.C. 1907. X.
II, 273
Capture, convention relative to certain
restrictions with regard to the exercise
of right of capture in naval war, H.C.
1907. XI. 136, 281; ratified (note),
288; of enemy, military necessity al-
lows, L. I. 15, 353
Captured, medical treatment of captured
enemy, L. III. 79, 364; messengers,
treatment of, L. V. 99, 367; L. V. 100,
367; military vehicles may be, G.C.
1906. 17, 407; officers must give up
side arms, L. III. 73, 363; private
hospital ships can not be, H.C. 1899.
III. 2, 73; H.C. 1907. X. 2, 268;
vessel, medical, religious, and hospital
staff of, are neutral, G.C. 1868. Ad.
VIII. 379; H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76; H.C.
1907. X. 10, 272; may leave vessel
after sick and wounded are removed,
G.C. 1868. Ad. VIII. 379; may take
private property with them, G.C. 1868.
Ad. VIII. 379; H.C. 1899. III. 7, 76;
H.C. 1907. X. 10, 273
Cargo of enemy on enemy merchant ves-
sels is detained under certain condi-
tions, H.C. 1907. VI. 4, 242
Cash, occupant of territory may take,
O.M. II. 50, 395; H.C. 1899. II. a.
53, 68; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 53, 228
Certificate, private hospital ships must
bear, H.C. 1899. III. 2, 74; H.C. 1907.
X. 2, 268; of identification must be
carried by newspaper reporters, sutlers,
contractors, accompanying army, D.B.
XXXIV. 386; H.C. 1899. II. a. 13,
55; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 13, 215; and
by wearers of arm bands, G.C. 1906.
20, 407
Chaplains, are neutral, G.C. 1864. II.
376; G.C. 1864. III. (may remain after
Occupation), 376; G.C. 1864. Ad. I.
378; O.M. II. 12, 13, 14, 391;
not prisoners of war, L. III. 53, 360
Charitable establishments, are not public
property to be appropriated by victor,
L. II. 34, 356; may be taxed by victor,
L. II. 34, 356; shall be treated as pri-
vate property, D.B. VIII. 383; H.C.
1899. II. a. 56, 69; H.C. 1907. IV. a.
56, 229; should be designated by be-
sieged during bombardment, D.B.
XVII. 384; Ŏ.M. II. 34, 393; H.C.
1899. II. a. 27, 61; H.C. 1907. IV. a.
27, 221; H.C. 1907. IX. 5, 263; should
be spared by besiegers during bom-
bardment, D.B. XVII. 384; O.M. II.
33, 393; H.C. 1899. II. a. 27, 61;
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 27, 220; H.C. 1907.
IX. 5, 262
Chile, reservation to, H.C. 1907. I. 340;
to H.C. 1907. IX. 346; to H.C. 1907.
China, reservation to, H.C. 1907. X. 346
Churches, may be taxed by victor, L. II.
34, 356; not public property for ap-
propriation by victor, L. II. 34, 356
Citizen, voluntarily serving as guide
against his own country, L. V. 95, 96,
366
Citizens, army of occupation can not
force citizens of occupied territory into
its service, L. II. 33, 356; unless occu-
pation is permanent, L. II. 33, 356
Citizens, classification of citizens in terri-
tory in rebellion, loyal, L. X. 155, 375;
disloyal, L. X. 155, 375; sympathizing,
L. X. 155, 375; active but unarmed,
L. X. 155, 375; of hostile country, in-
offensive, not protected by uncivilized
nations, L. I. 24, 354; protected by
civilized nations, L. I. 25, 354% of
hostile states are enemies, L. I. 21,
354; relationship between citizens of
Occupied country under martial law,
L. II. 32, 356; unarmed, must be
spared as much as possible during
war, L. I. 22, 354; L. I. 23, 354
Civil and penal law under martial law,
local, L. I. 6, 351
Civil officers during occupation of coun-
try must take oath of allegiance, L. I.
26, 355; officers may be expelled, L. I.
26, 355; officers receive salaries so long
as they perform duties in occupied coun-
try, L. II. 39, 357; officers or citizens of
enemy in occupied territory may be re-
quired to give pledge for safety of oc-
cupant, L. VII. 134, 371; personnel,
and means of transportation secured
by requisition are subject to rules of
international law, G.C. 1906. 17, 407;
war, defined, L. X. 150, 374
Colombia, reservation to, H.C. 1907. II.
341
Combatants, are enemies, L. X. 155, 375;
may be made prisoners of war, D.B.
XI. 384; hospital ships must not ham-
per, G.C. 1868. Ad. XIII. 380; H.C.
1899. III. 4, 74; H.C. 1907. X. 4, 269
Commercial transactions, officers or sol-
diers are forbidden in hostile country
to participate in, L. II. 46, 359
Commission of inquiry. See Interna-
tional commissions of inquiry
Commissioned officers only can give pa-
role, L. VII. 126, 370
Common law of war, military jurisdic-
tion under, L. I. 13, 352
Communes, it is forbidden to seize prop-
erty of, O.M. II. 53, 396; H.C. 1899.
II. a. 56, 69; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 56,
229; requisitions in kind except for
necessity of army and in proportion
to resources, can not be demanded of,
O.M. II. 56, 396; H.C. 1899. II. a. 52,
67; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 52, 227; shall
be treated as private property, the
property of, D.B. VIII. 383; H.C.
1899. II. a. 56, 69; H.C. 1907. IV. a.
56, 229
Communication, interdiction of neutral-
ized vessels from, G.C. 1868. Ad. X.
379; military necessity allows obstruc-
tion of, L.I. 15, 353; occupying power
may seize means of; must restore
them at end of war with compensation,
H.C. 1907. IV. a. 53 (n), 228; with
the enemy is treasonable, secret, L. V.
98, 367
Compromis. See under Arbitration pro-
cedure, and Competency and proced-
ure of judicial arbitration court
Compulsory arbitration, Hague Confer-
ence of 1907 admits principle of, H.C.
1907. 137
Concealment of army designation is for-
bidden, O.M. II. 8 (c), 390
Conference of 1899, Peace, 6; list of
delegates, 6
Conference of 1907, Peace, 112; list of
delegates, 112; list of states invited,
108
Consuls under martial law, L. I. 8, 352
Contact mines, convention relative to the
laying of automatic submarine, H.C.
1907. VIII. 136, 252; ratified (note),
259
Contract debts, award shall determine
validity, amount and time of payment
of claim in arbitration of, H.C. 1907.
II. 2, 195; convention respecting the
limitation of the employment of force
for the recovery of, H.C. 1907. II. 135,
193; ratified (note), 198; powers agree
not to use force except when debtor re-
fuses to arbitrate, or carry out award
after arbitration of, H.C. 1907. II. I,
194
Contractors, may be prisoners of war,
D.B. XXXIV. 386; H.C. 1899. II. a.
13, 56; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 13, 214;
must show certificate from military
authorities, D.B. XXXIV. 386; H.C.
1899. II. a. 13, 56; H.C. 1907. IV. a.
13, 215
Contribution, in money can not be levied
except in certain cases, extraordinary,
O.M. II. 58, 396; must be appor-
tioned with regard to zeal of inhabit-
ants in aiding wounded, O.M. II. 59,
396: must be levied by authority of
high military official, D.B. XLI. 387;
O.M. II. 58, 396; H.C. 1899. II. a. 51,
67; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 51, 227; must
be levied in accordance with local
law, D.B. XLI. 387; O.M. II. 58, 396;
H.C. 1899. II. a. 51, 67; H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 51, 227
Contribution, receipt shall be given for,
D.B. XLI. 387; H.C. 1899. II. a. 51,
67; H.C. 1907. IV. a. 51, 227; will
be collected with assistance of local
officials who remain in office, D.B.
XLI. 387
Convention. See under International
Arbitration System and International
Inquiry Commission; concerning the
rights and duties of neutral powers
in naval war, H.C. 1907. XIII. 136,
3175 ratified (note), 331; for the
adaptation to maritime warfare of the
principles of the Geneva Convention,
H.C. 1899. III. 18, 71; for the ad-
aptation to naval war of the principles
of the Geneva Convention, H.C.
1907. X. (r), 136, 267; ratified (note),
281; for the amelioration of the con-
dition of the sick and wounded of
armies in the field, G.C. 1864, 376;
G.C. 1868. Ad. 378; G.C. 1906. 402;
for the pacific settlement of inter-
national disputes, H.C. 1907. I. (r),
135, 155; ratified (note), 193; for
the peaceful adjustment of inter-
national differences, H.C. 1899. I.
18, 21; regarding hospital ships, H.S.
400; regarding the laws and cus-
toms of war by land, H.C. 1899. II.
18, 45; regarding [respecting] the
laws and customs of war on land,
H.C. 1907. IV. (r), 135, 203; ratified
(note), 229; relative to certain restric-
tions with regard to the exercise of right
of capture in naval war, H.C. 1907.
XI. 136, 281; ratified (note), 288;
relative to the conversion of merchant
ships into war ships, H.C. 1907. VII.
136, 246; not ratified (note), 251;
relative to the creation of an inter-
national prize court, H.C. 1907. XII.
136, 288; not ratified (note), 315;
relative to the laying of automatic sub-
marine contact mines, H.C. 1907.
VIII. 136, 252; ratified (note), 259;
relative to the opening of hostilities,
H.C. 1907. III. 135, 198; ratified
(note), 203; relative to the status of
enemy merchant ships at the out-
break of hostilities, H.C. 1907. VI.
136, 240; not ratified (note), 246;
respecting bombardment by naval
forces in time of war, H.C. 1907. IX.
136, 259; ratified (note), 266; re-
specting the limitation of the em-
ployment of force for the recovery
of contract debts, H.C. 1907. II. 135,
193; ratified (note), 198; respecting
the rights and duties of neutral powers
and persons in case of war on land,
H.C. 1907. V. 135, 230; ratified (note),
Conversion of merchant ships into war
ships, convention relative to the, H.C.
1907. VII. 136, 246; not ratified
(note), 251
Convoys of evacuation shall be treated
as mobile sanitary formations with
certain exceptions, G.C. 1906. 17,
406
Correspondence (postal) on neutral or
enemy ship is inviolable, unless in-
tended for blockaded port in violation
of blockade, H.C. 1907. XI. 1, 282
Council at The Hague, administrative,
duties, H.C. 1907. I. 49 (m), 175
Counsel. See under Arbitration pro-
cedure, International prize court, and
International inquiry commission.
Couriers are not spies, O.M. II. 23, 392
Court. See Permanent arbitration court,
Judicial arbitration court, and Inter-
national prize court
Courts, it is forbidden to deny nationals
of hostile party recourse to, H.C. 1907.
IV. a. 23 (n), 219
Crew of enemy merchant ship are not
made prisoners of war, if nationals
of a neutral state, H.C. 1907. XI. 5,
284; if nationals of enemy state if
they agree not to aid in operations of
war, H.C. 1907. XI. 6, 284; con-
verted into war ship must be subject
to military discipline, H.C. 1907. VII.
4, 248.
Crimes by American soldier in hostile
country are punishable as at home,
L. II. 47, 359
Criminal law, offenders against laws
of war are liable as in, O.M. III. 84,
399; legislation to prevent pillage of
sick and wounded, misuse of special
marks and badges shall be enacted by
the powers and forwarded to the
Netherland Government, H.C. 1907. X.
21 (n), 276
Cruelty, military necessity does not
allow, L. I. 16, 353
reservation to H.C. 1907. XII.
347
Customs of war on land, convention
regarding the laws and, H.C. 1899.
II. 18, 45; H.C. 1907. IV. (r), 135, 203;
ratified (note), 229
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