Memoirs on the Nervous SystemSherwood, Gilbert, & Piper, 1837 - 113 頁 This work, divided into two sections, discusses in the first section the reflex function of the medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis; and in the second section, discusses the true spinal marrow, and the excito-motory system of nerves. |
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acts of inspiration affections anatomy animal economy asphyxia brain carbonic acid ceased centre cerebellum cerebral cerebrum contraction convulsion decapitated deglutition dentition disease distinct divided excito-motory nerve excito-motory power excito-motory property excito-motory system excitor and motor excitor nerves experiments eye-lid facts fibre fifth Flourens frog galvanic ganglia ganglionic glottis Haller incident nerve induced influence irritability larynx Legallois limbs Mayo medulla oblongata medulla spinalis Memoir motor nerves mouvemens movements Müller muscles muscular action muscular nerves muscular system nerfs nervorum nervosa nervous system nostrils observed orifices pair of nerves paralysis pathology peculiar pharynx phenomena physiology Plate pneumogastric nerves portion posterior extremities principle Prof reflex function removed respiration respiratory motions retrograde sensation and volition sensation and voluntary sentient and voluntary sentient nerves Sir Charles Bell sphincters spinal nerves stimulus strangury strychnine tail tenesmus tetanus therapeutics tion trifacial true spinal marrow true spinal system turtle voluntary motion voluntary nerves vomiting whilst
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第 72 頁 - Read's syringe, both the cloaca and the bladder are fully distended before any part of the fluid escapes. through the sphincter, which it then does on the use of much force only, and by jerks. The event is very different on withdrawing the spinal marrow : the sphincter being now relaxed, the water flows through it at once in an easy continuous stream, with the application of little force, and without inducing any distension, even of the cloaca.
第 viii 頁 - ... reflex in its course : in every instance in which it is exerted, an impression made upon the extremities of certain nerves is conveyed to the medulla oblongata or the medulla spinalis, and is reflected along other nerves to parts adjacent to, or remote from, that which has received the impression.
第 ix 頁 - The second is that of the respiration : like volition, the motive influence, in respiration passes in a direct line from one point of the nervous system to certain muscles ; but as voluntary motion seems to originate in the cerebrum, so the respiratory motions originate in the medulla oblongata : like the voluntary motions, the motions of respiration are spontaneous ; they continue, at least, after the eighth pair of nerves has been divided. The third kind of muscular action in the animal economy...
第 xiv 頁 - The head being placed upon the table for observation, it was first remarked that the mouth opened and shut, and that the submaxillary integuments descended and ascended, alternately, from time to time, replacing the acts of respiration. I now touched the eye or eyelid with a probe. It was immediately closed : the other eye closed simultaneously. I then touched the nostril with the probe.
第 viii 頁 - The operation of all these various causes of muscular contraction may be designated centric, as taking place at, or at least in a direction from, central parts of the nervous system. But there is another function the phenomena of which are of a totally different order and obey totally different laws, being excited by causes in a situation which is eccentric in the nervous system, that is, distant from the nervous centres.
第 ix 頁 - ... or exterior to the spinal canal : the muscles of involuntary motion are chiefly excited by the actual contact of stimuli. In the case of the reflex function alone, the muscles are excited by a stimulus acting mediately and indirectly in a curved and reflex course, along superficial subcutaneous or submucous nerves proceeding to the medulla, and muscular nerves proceeding from the medulla.
第 ix 頁 - ... and the actual contact of some substance which may act as a stimulus * : it is attended by the accurate closure of the glottis, and by the contraction of the pharynx. The completion of the act of deglutition is dependent upon the stimulus immediately impressed upon the muscular fibres of the oesophagus, and is the result of excited irritability.
第 ix 頁 - ... a stimulus to the nervo-muscular fibre itself. These three kinds of muscular motion are well known to physiologists; and I believe they are all which have been hitherto pointed out. There is, however, a fourth, which subsists, in part, after the voluntary and respiratory motions have ceased, by the removal of the cerebrum and medulla oblongata, and which is attached to the medulla spinalis, ceasing itself when this is removed, and leaving the irritability undiminished. In this kind of muscular...
第 xi 頁 - It became quite evident that this state of quiescence would continue indefinitely were the animal secured from all external impressions. "Being now stimulated, the body began to move with great activity, and continued to do so for a considerable time, each change of position or situation bringing some fresh part of the surface of the animal into contact with the table or other objects and renewing the application of stimulants.
第 xviii 頁 - The child moved briskly at first, but remained quiet afterwards, except when the tumour was pressed, which occasioned general convulsions. It breathed naturally, and was not observed to be deficient in warmth, until its powers declined. I regret that, from a fear of alarming the mother, no attempt was made to see whether it would take the breast : a little food was given it by the hand. It voided urine twice in the first day, and once a day afterwards : it had three dark-coloured evacuations. The...