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One of the largest groups known in granite was found during Professor Petrie's exploration at Ehnasya, and is now in the Cairo Museum. It represents Rameses II. between Ptah and Hershef, standing 11 feet high.

Arabic Museum.-Just as a visit to the monuments of Upper Egypt should be supplemented by a visit to the matchless collection of antiquities enshrined in the Egyptian Museum of Antiquities, so it is essential, for a right understanding and appreciation of medieval Saracenic art, to visit the Museum of Arabian Art in connection with the exploration of the Mosques. The museum is now placed in a magnificent new building (which cost over £60,000) built in 1903 in a fine open situation in the Bab el-Khalk. It consists chiefly of objects of artistic or antiquarian interest collected from ruined mosques, or rescued from the hands of the dealers in antiquities, who for years, sometimes with the cognisance of the guardians, had been pillaging some of the ruined mosques. The Museum was mainly due to the zeal of the late Rogers Bey, and Franz Pasha, formerly director under the Wakfs Administration. It contains an incomparable collection of enamelled mosque lamps. Most of these have been taken from the mosques, especially Sultan Hassan. The date of these lamps is of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, but their place of manufacture is unknown. The earlier of these lamps, which constitute the chief glory of the Museum, are in the purest style of Arabic decoration, though probably the fifteenth-century ones are not indigenous, but imported from Murano. Scarcely a hundred of these lamps are extant, and most are to be found in this unique collection. There is also a large and representative collection of mushrabiyeh (lattice work) and mosaic woodwork. Other rooms contain specimens of metalwork, faience, stucco, pottery, etc.

"In one essential respect this museum," says Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole, differs from others. The objects here are relative and were not designed as separate works of art.

They are, in fact, dependent upon the monuments to which they once belonged." Most of the objects consist of portions of the decoration and furniture of mosques and private houses. This, of course, makes it the more regrettable that, owing to the neglect of the mosques, they cannot be seen in situ, where they would be more in harmony with their environment.

The Khedival Library has recently been removed to this building. It is open daily (except Friday) from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. The most valuable collection is that of illuminated copies of the Koran, perhaps one of the finest in the world. One of these copies is written throughout in gold characters.

The Library contains some 50,000 volumes, which can be consulted by any foreigner on production of a certificate from his consul.

IX. THE CITADEL

THIS mediæval fortress is one of the most interesting of the historic buildings of the Egyptian capital, and is one of its most striking landmarks. It was built by Saladin, though the name of its founder is apt to be over-shadowed in the minds of visitors by the dominant personality of Mehemet Ali, who, however, only restored the walls. The memory of this oriental Napoleon is certainly closely associated with the principal historical events of the fortress.

This Cairene acropolis is, like the Kremlin or the Alhambra, a town within a town, and contains, besides several mosques, a palace (now used as officers' quarters), hospital, prison, barracks, arsenal, etc., within its walls.

The usual entrance to the citadel is through the Bab-el-Azab, a gateway which is a fine specimen of Saracenic architecture, and along a steep and narrow road between high walls. It was here that the terrible massacre of the Mameluke Beys by Mehemet

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