Charles I. of England (1600-1649), his conduct previous to the Grand Remonstrance, cxii. 465; his im- peachment of the Five Members, 480; his military precautions in the City a measure of self-defence, ib.; menacing conduct of the mob, 481; their illtreatment of the Bishops, 482; his attempted ar- rest of the Five Members not a preconcerted coup d'état, 484; evi- dence of Madame de Motteville, ib.; complicity of Hyde and Falk- land 'not proven,' 485
his statue at Charing Cross,
his patronage of art, cxvii. 140; his hospitality to Rubens, 141
his patent to the Museum Minerva, cxviii. 486
his speech on opening his first Parliament, cxx. 10; his con- flict on religion with the Com- mons, 11: demands supplies, 12; meets the two Houses at Oxford, 15; his first Parliament dissolved, 16, 17; protests of his second Parliament, 17; impeachment of Buckingham, 18; his illegal levies of money, 19; general forced loan, ib.; the four resolutions, 22; con- ference of Lords and Commons, 23; trimming resolution of the Lords, ib.; his message on the Petition of Right, 24; his asser- tions of Divine right, 25; his eva- sive form of assent to the Petition of Right, 26; Eliot's motion for a Remonstrance, ib.; his assent re- newed in proper form, 27; dis- claims the doctrine of ministerial responsibility, 33; his distraints for tonnage and poundage, ib.
his treatment of the Church in Scotland, cxxxiv. 114
State Papers relating to events in 1639-41, cxxxvii. 182; dissolution of 1640, 183; persecu-
tion of heretics, 185; Strafford and his Irish army, 188; Declaration of the Scotch nation, 190; the Lords' Remonstrance, ib.; petition of the City of London, 191; dread of Irish papists, ib.; attempts to screen his conduct, 193; contrition for his guilt to Strafford, 194 Charles II. (1630-1685), his letter to the Presbytery of Edinburgh, cxviii. 5; restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland, 6
his importation of foreign mares for breeding, cxx. 139; his 'Start' from Perth, 330
tenacious respect for law at the Restoration, exxiv. 409
tyranny of his Scottish ad- ministration, cxxxiv. 118; at- tempted vindication thereof, 125 easy achievement of the Restoration, cxl. 472 Charles V. (Emperor of Germany
and King of Spain, 1500-1558), his study of Caesar's campaigns, cxxiv. 420
his first interview with Don Carlos, cxxvii. 4; compared with Philip II., 16
M. Bergenroth's documents relating to his reign, cxxxi. 357; alleged unfilial conduct to Doña Juana, 365
portraits of, collected by Heemskerck, cxxxii. 69; anecdote of The Eagle,' 73; personal Devices of, 74; the Plus Ultra, ib.; grandeur of his title as Emperor, 77; bodily infirmities, ib.; appear- ance described by Marillac, Ascham, and Cavalli, ib. 78; in- terview with Coligny, 79; his fame not increased by his military talents, 84; tradition of his early love of sports, ib. note; anecdote of, exhumed by Sir W. S. Maxwell, ib.; contest with the Protestant League, 85; capture of John Frederick of Saxony, 86; his arro-
gant use of power, 90; his abdica- tion described, 93; contemporary accounts thereof, 95; Spanish ballad thereon, translated, ib.; alleged reservation of income not confirmed, 97; funeral rites of, 98; monument on the Escorial, 99; traditionary worship of his me- mory, ib.
Charles the Bald (of France, d. 877), his usurpations in Andorre, cxiii. 352
his grant of hereditary count- ships, cxxvii. 85, 87 Charles V. (of France, 1336-1380), his surname of 'the Wise,' cxix. 535
M. Wolowski's eulogy of, cxxiii. 88; his principles of cur- rency, 89, 90
Charles VI. (of France, 1367-1422), his lunacy and disastrous reign, cxix. 535
Charles VII. (of France, 1402-1461)
concludes the convention of Arras, cxix. 537; his son Louis takes refuge with Philip of Burgundy, 538; nicknamed the Monarch of Bourges,' 539
Charles IX. (of France, 1550-1574), story of, at the massacre of St. Bartholomew, cxxiv. 95; his share in the death of Coligni, 97, 98; his miserable last years, ib. Charles X. (of France, 1757-1837), his triumphal entry into Paris as Comte d'Artois, cxxv. 324; his graceful demeanour, 326; his character by M. Beugnot, 328
his conduct to the Martagnac Cabinet, cxxxv. 359 Charles I. (of Spain). See Charles V. Emperor
Charles II. (of Spain, 1661-1700),
his delicate infancy, cxxix. 14; Regency of the Queen-Mother, 15; interference of Don Juan, ib.; marriage with Marie Louise
d'Orléans, 16, 20; monotony of
Court life, ib. 27; sudden death of the Queen, 29; his torpid habits, 30; his ghastly appearance, ib.; his sepulchral fancies, 31; his con- duct regarding the Spanish Suc- cession, ib.; successive degenera- tion of his race, 33; brutal character of the people during his reign, 34, 37; the embebecidos,
ib. Charles III. (of Spain, 1716-1788), his idle and useless life described by Mr. Eden, cxiii. 376 Charles IV. (of Spain, 1748-1808), his court reforms at the beginning of his reign, cxiii. 377 Charles (Archduke of Austria b. 1771), his brilliant military genius, cxxiii. 103 Charles Emmanuel I. (of Savoy), his attempt to surprise Geneva, cxi. 540 Charles Edward (Prince, 1720-1788), his early promise, cxiv. 147; for- cibly expelled from France, 149; his connexion with Miss Walk- ingshaw, ib.; marries the Countess of Albany, 152; his brilliant wel- come at Rome, 153; residence at Florence, 154; outburst of bru- tality to his wife, 160; her divorce from him, 166; acknowledges his natural daughter, 167
Charles the Bold (Duke of Burgundy, 1435-1477), the typical represen- tative of feudalism, cxix. 530; his disputes with his father, 539; their reconciliation after the affair of Rubempre, 542; heads the coalition against Louis XI., ib.; recovers the towns of the Somme, 543; his campaign against Liège, 547; pillages and burns Dinant, 548; his accession to the dukedom, 549; his 'Joyous Entry' into Ghent, ib.; rejects the proposals of Louis XI., 551; retakes Liège after a revolt, ib.; his severe pun- ishment of that town, 552; his
treaty with Louis at Péronne, 555; his third capture of Liège, 557; his vengeance on the town, ib.; abrogates the charter of Ghent, 559; offered the title of 'King of the Romans,' ib.; overtures of Sigismund of Austria to, ib.; he renews war against Louis, 562; his dreams of empire, 563; anachronism of his career, 564; his impetuous ambition, 565; he usurps the Duchy of Gueldres, ib.; his meeting with the Emperor of Austria at Trêves, 567; his encroachments in Lorraine, ib.; takes possession of Alsace, 568; his collision with the Swiss, 569; his parliament at Malines, 570; his vengeance on the Alsatians for their revolt, 571 Charles Theodore (Elector Palatine
1724-1799), his character, cxxxvii. 541; his relations with the Papacy, ib.
Charles III. (of Lorraine, d. 1608),
his beneficent rule, cxii. 62 Charles IV. (of Lorraine, d. 1675), his character, cxii. 65; his treacherous conduct to France, 68; abdicates, 69; his bigamy, 71; returns to Lorraine, ib.; a soldier of fortune, 72; alliance with Spain, 73; cedes Lorraine and Bar to France, 75; his fall and death, 76 Charles V. (of Lorraine, d. 1690), the 'good genius' of Lorraine, cxii. 77; a candidate for the throne of Poland, 78; generalissimo of the Austrian army, ib.; his campaign against the French, 79; his premature death, 80 Charlesworth (Dr.), his claims as reformer of the insane, cxxxi. 423 Charlotte (Princess, 1796-1817), Miss Berry's description of, cxxii. 324, 325
her marriage, cxxxvi. 379; her unfilial remark on her parents, ib.; rupture of her intended Dutch
marriage, ib.; her death described by Stockmar, 381 Charlotte (Queen, d. 1818), her appearance described by Stockmar, cxxxvi, 380
accused by the Opposition of feigning a belief in the King's recovery, cxxxix. 193
Charm, the word applied to sound, cxxviii. 80
Charolais (Madame de), contrives to find a mistress for Louis XV., cxxv. 480; her dissipations at Paris, 481 note Charpentier (M.), his dilatation theory of glacier motion, cxiii.
Chartists, their agitation a hindrance to electoral reform, cxxiii. 282 Chartres, the Cloaked Peace' of (1568), cxxx. 374 Chateaubriand (François Auguste,
Vicomte de, 1769-1848), his dignified resistance to Buonaparte's tyranny, cxi. 232; his friendship with Madame de Récamier, 233 Châteauroux (Duchess of, previously Madame de la Tournelle), mistress of Louis XV., cxxv. 490; her court intrigues, 491; thwarted by Maurepas, 493; with Louis at Metz, 494; her dismissal, 495; her recall and death, 496 Chatham (William Pitt, Earl of, 1708-1778), opposes the peace of 1763, cxxvi. 13; influence of his memory, ib.; sent for to replace Grenville, 18; made Privy Seal under the Duke of Grafton, 21; his popularity in America, 40
his talents as a War Minister, cxxvii. 568; his fervent patriotism, 569
his way of speaking described. by Grattan, cxxxiii. 293 Chatillon, Conferences at, in 1814, cxii. 250
Chattanooga, battle of, brilliant
tactics of the Federals at, cxxi. 256
Chaucer(Geoffrey,1328-1400), habits of home travel illustrated in his 'Canterbury Tales,' cxviii. 241
his poetic character,cxxi.298; M. Taine's translations from, 299 tales of, borrowed from Ovid, cxxv. 225; recent French editions of, 231; Thynne's Animadversions on, 251
recent editions of his text, cxxxii. 1; want of a critical and illustrative edition, ib.; his Shakspearian qualities, 2; dramatic power and happy expression, ib. ; early popularity of, 3; text of 'Canterbury Tales still imperfect, 5; the Chaucer Society, 6; first edition by Thynne, 8; Stowe, Speight, and Urry, ib., 9; Dr. Morell, 10; rules of versification, 11; services of Tyrwhitt, 12; the Harleian MS., 13; Mr. Morris' edition thereof, 14; need of further collation, 16; comparison of Society's text, 17; emendations, 20; defective readings in Harleian text, 21; allusion to seamanship, 25; to natural science, 26; words explained, 29; his knowledge of literature, 33; need of verbal interpretation, 34; illustrated by contemporary writers, 40; phrases needing explanation, 42 Chauvelin (Germain Louis de, 16851762), his scheme of Italian independence, cxxv. 478; Fleury's jealousy of, 480; exiled, ib. Cheapen, Shakspeare's use of the verb, cxxx. 104
Cheapside, origin and early history of, cxxxi. 171
Cheer, to, early use of the word, cxi. 463
Cheltenham, insufficient water-supply of, cxxiii. 387
Cheltenham College, classical and modern departments of, cxx. 176
Chetham Society, the, cxxv. 233 Chevalier (Michel), his work on the Protective System, cxi. 277
on the probable fall in the value of gold, cxii. 1 sqq.; limited scope of his inquiry, 4; predicts excess of gold supply, 10; and paper currency in trade, 11; underestimates retail absorption of metal, 14; fallacy of his argument on the gold price of silver, 21; on change of monetary standard in France, 27
his proposal of a monetary alliance between England and France, cxxiv. 389
his letter on the Ballot in France, cxxxi. 551
Chevreuse (Duchess, de),her hostility
to Buonaparte, cxi. 226 Chiari, battle of (1701), cxvi. 512 Chiarini (Abbé L.), his brilliant translation of the Talmud, cxxxviii. 32
Child (Dr.), his experiments on spon-
taneous generation, cxxv. 405 Childers (Right Hon. Mr.), his naval administration attacked by the 'Quarterly Review,' cxxxiii. 122; his conduct vindicated, ib., 144. See Admiralty, Board of
his retirement from the Cab- inet, cxxxiv. 569 Chillingworth (William,1602–1644), his doctrine of religious belief, cxxi. 442
his criticism of Infallibility, cxxxii. 402 Chimpanzees, at the Zoological Gar- dens, cxi. 177; short life of, 179 China, state of affairs in, on Lord Elgin's arrival, cxi. 97; practical nullity of treaties with, 103; De Tocqueville on the natural degra- dation of, 105
geographical knowledge of,
Roman Catholic missions to, exviii. 560
varieties of pine-trees intro- duced from, cxx. 372
recent civil war in, cxxii. 176; abortive attempts to nullify treaties, 180; origin of the insur- rection, 181; loose system of centralisation 183; choice of a capital, 184; offer of Russian intervention declined, ib., 185; measures of regeneration, ib. ; steamers and railways, 186, 187; question of standing army, 188; need of consolidation, ib.; argu- ment for European reforms, 189;
strong central government required, 191; rights of Europeans, 192; position of the Taepings, 193 China, popularity of devil-worship in, cxxix. 329; paradoxes of Chinese character, 330; Lord Elgin thereon, 331 note; prospects of regeneration, 332
increased intercourse with, cxxxiii. 176; national traditions of self-assertion, 177; neglected study of the people, ib.; modern changes not realised by them, 178; shock to their pretensions, 179; commer- cial importance of, undervalued, 180; Report of Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, 181; direct trade with England in 1868, ib., 182; coasting trade, ib.; British and Indian Revenue returns, 183; distribution of exports, 184; in- crease shown by statistics, 185; question of the opium trade, ib.; attempted revision of the Treaty of Tien-tsin, 186; hindrances to trade, 187; problem of 'pushing' trade, 188; grievance to merchants from excessive inland taxation, 189; merchants' demands, 190; difliculties of foreign interference,
ib.; obstacles to material progress come from without, 191; native antipathy to foreigners, 192; hos- tility of mandarins, ib., outrages at Tien-tsin, 194; the Missionary question, 195; proximity of Russia, ib.; anti-foreign influences on the Government, 196; the Burling- hame Mission, 197; English policy examined, 198; intervention should be limited to protection of property and treaty rights, 202; native absorption of trade, ib.; question of naval protection, 203; Tseng- kwo-fau, ib.; Li-hung-chang, 204; recent hostility to the French, 205; position of, compared with Turkey, 206
introduction of Christianity,
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