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chord, ib.; theory of Mr. Story,
184; canon of Polycletus, ib.; Mr.
Gibson's method of determining
dimensions, 185; French writers
on human proportion, ib. ; objec-
tions to making the head the unit
of measurement, 186; canon of
Phidias, 187; Egyptian canons,
189; want of a universal method,
190; division of the symmetric
base or modulus, ib.; the autome-
tric system recommended, 191;
proportions tabulated thereby, 193
Beauvais, gallant defence of, against

Charles of Burgundy, cxix. 563
Beauvoir (Marquis de), his 'Voyage
autour du Monde,' cxxxviii. 65
Becket (Thomas à, 1117-1170), his
biographers, cxii. 141

patron saint of Arbroath
Abbey, cxx. 320; his name erased
from the Kalendar, ib.
Beckford (Mr.), his 'Vathek' a work
of real genius, cxxxii. 122
Bede (the Venerable, 673-735), his
minute description of the Magi,
cxxiv. 350

Bedford (John Russell, Duke of, d.

1771), his insulting reprimands to
George III., cxxvi. 20; attack on
his house, ib.

Bedford family, early connexion of,

with London, cxxxi. 176

Beer, taxes on, in foreign countries,
CXXXV. 279

Beer Act, the, demoralising effects of,

cxxxvii. 403
Beethoven (Louis von, 1770-1827),
his opera Fidelio' a failure, cxxii.
406; his interview with Weber,
415; his personal appearance, ib.

Lives and Letters of, cxxxviii.
366; Mr. Thayer's exhaustive ac-
count of, 367; his uneventful life,
368; his mistake of his year of
birth, ib.; his dreary childhood,
369; early inusical career, 370;
his friend Graf Waldstein, ib.;
quarrel with Haydn, 371; his

extraordinary power of playing,
372; anecdotes, ib.; his first com-
positions, 373; intimacy with
Prince Lichnowsky, ib.; his will,
375; origin of his deafness, 376;
capriciousness and ill-humour
ascribed thereto, 377; his sin-
cerity, 378; instances of irrita-
bility, ib.; his susceptibility to
love, 379; relations with the
Countess Guicciardi, b.; his new
order of pianoforte music, 380;
his 'Mount of Olives,' 381; his
'Fidelio,' 382; inspiration derived
from natural scenery, 383; care-
lessness about money, 384; private
life, ib.; attacks of illness, 385;
his industry, ib.; relations with
his brothers, 386; his brother
Carl, ib.; his nephew, 387; days
of adversity, ib., 388; his death
and last words, 389; as a musician,
390; his intellectual tastes and
character, 391; his self-assertion,
392; republican sympathies, 393;
religious views, ib.; called an
atheist by Haydn, ib.; depth of
humanity in his music, 394
Beet-root sugar, cultivation of, in
France, cxiv. 358

Behar, land tenure in, before the
Mutiny, cxxiv. 313; absence of
disaffection in, ib.; exceptional
outbreaks at Arrah and Gyah,
315-318

Behistun, cuneiform inscription at,
cxi. 34; historical importance of
the discovery, 42
Belgium, separation of, from Hol-
land in 1830, cxi. 151, 152

hop-cultivation in, exvi. 501
-anti-Ultramontane movement

in, cxx. 460

humane treatment of the in-
sane in, cxxxi. 418, 438

postal telegraphy in, exxxii.
224; treaty proposed by England
to guarantee her neutrality in
1870, 571

Belgium, land tenure in, cxxxiv. 454,

458

treaty of independence, cxxxvi. 387; accession of King Leopold, .; rupture with Holland, 389

Delgrade, victory of Eugene against the Turks at, cxvi. 541 Belisarius (d. 565), his contest with

Totila, cxviii. 351; attempted restoration of Rome, 352 Bell (Sir Charles, 1774-1842), Memoirs and Letters of, cxxxv. 394; his father and brothers, ib.; his boyhood, 399; training at the High School, 400; his 'System of Dissections,' 401; early surgical studies at Edinburgh, ib.; his friends there, 406; first letters from London, 408; his transparent character, 409; latent weakness of fibre, ib.; dinners with the 'Edinburgh Club,' 410; first intercourse with Jeffrey, ib.; his London circle, 411; start in his profession, b.; his Anatomy of Expression, 412; difficulties of publication, 413; first lectures,

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.; his marriage, ib.; removal from Leicester Square to Soho Square, 414; his discoveries in the physiology of the nervous system, ib.; neglect of fortune for science, 418; discussion with Lord Cockburn thereon, ib.; his Idea of a new Anatomy of the Brain,' 419; sudden fame, ib.; scientific welcome at Paris, ib.; lectures in Windmill Street, 420; professor of the College of Surgeons, ib.; his study of gunshot wounds, ib.; distinguished patients, ib.; at Waterloo, 421; impressions of Brussels, ib.; death of two brothers, 422; relations with Brougham, 423; his Bridgewater treatises, b.; scientific characteristics, ib.; devotion to fly-fishing, 425; his friend Richardson, ib.; returns to

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Edinburgh, 426; visit to Rome, 428; his return and death, 429; his noble character, ib. Bell (Sir Charles), his Anatomy of Expression in connexion with the Fine Arts,' cxxxvii. 515; his study of Italian art, 516, 520

Bell (Mr.), Lord Kingsdown's sketch of, at the Chancery Bar, cxxix. 49

Bell (Currer), her constant use of

French words in 'Villette,' cxx. 49 Belleisle (Charles Louis Augustus Fouquet, Comte de, 1684-1761), his anti-Austrian policy, cxxv. 486; his retreat from Prague, 487 Bellini (Jacopo), his Italian paintings, cxxxv. 144-148

Belsunce (M. de, Bishop of Mar

seilles), his belief in the apparition of the Sacred Heart, cxxxix. 252

Benbow (John, Admiral, 1650-1702), his mission to the West Indies, cxv. 12 Bendigo (Australia), system of goldmining at, cxvii. 111; quartz-reefs at, 113 Benedek (Austrian general), his conduct in the war of 1866, cxxiv. 590, 592

commander-in-chief in the war of 1866, cxxv. 365; withdraws from Silesia into Bohemia, ib.; his change of front, ib.; reinforces Gablentz, 375; his movements before Sadowa, 379, 380; kept in check at Chlum, 382; his conduct at Sadowa vindicated, 385

his study of Prussian tactics before 1866, cxxxiii. 549 Benedetti (M.), his negotiations in 1866 with Bismarck, cxxx. 453 Benedict (St., b. 480), circumstances of his rise, cxiv, 330; character of his rule, 331; his despotic organisation, 332; his emissaries, 333; objects of his institution, 345

Benedictines, literary character of
the order, cxiv. 250
Benefit clubs, cxxxviii. 102. See
Friendly Societies

Benefit societies, unsoundness of, in
1864, cxx. 417, 418
Bengal, physical features of, cxxix.
205; establishment of British
authority in, 206; policy of Clive
in 1765, ib.; evils of double go-
vernment, 207, 208; the famine of
1769-70, ib.; rural distress and
mortality, 211; report of Warren
Hastings, 212; social disorganisa-
tion, 213; Mr. Keating's reforms
at Beerbhoom, 214; aboriginal
tribes, ib.; Aryan invasions of,
215; tenacity of Brahminical in-
fluence, ib.; Hindu demon-wor-
ship, 216; worship of the 'Gram-
Deotas,' or village gods, ib.; his-
tory of the Santals, 218, 224;
administration of Lord Cornwallis,
225; the judicial system, 226
Bennett (Rev. Mr.), vicar of Frome,
Selwood; prosecution of, for here-
sy respecting the 'Real Presence,'
cxxxvi. 270; nature of the con-
troversy, 271; evidence of the
New Testament, ib. (see Eu-
charist); ground of his acquittal
by the Privy Council, 289; the
prosecution injudicious, 291; his
Lutheran doctrine of the Eucharist
declared lawful, 292; decision of
the Court of Arches compared,
293; impartial judgment of the
Privy Council, ib.

Benson (Thomas), his mill for flint-
grinding, cxxvi. 213

Bentham (Jeremy, 1748-1832), his
unsatisfactory account of the ef-
fects of legislation and morals on
happiness, cxiv. 485

his peculiar talent for legis-
lation, cxviii. 440, 441

enters Oxford at twelve,
CXXV. 59; his criticism of the
private business of Parliament, 86

Bentham (Jeremy), his utilitarian
system of morals condemned,
CXXX. 41

his daily life in London,
cxxxviii. 225; his influence on
Mr. Grote, ib.; his 'Westminster
School,' ib. 229

his passion for gymnastics,
cxxxix. 99; establishes the 'West-
minster Review,' 106; transient
influence of his school, 117
Bentley (Richard, 1662-1742), value
of his Dissertation on Phalaris,'
cxiv. 142

Warburton's hostility to,
cxxii. 28; his classical emenda-
tions, 240; his peculiar English
style, 243

on the long concealment of
classical MSS., cxxxvii. 60
Bentley (Thomas, 1730-1780), his
partnership with Wedgwood,
cxxvi. 222-227; his life in Lon-
don, ib.
Benzol,

Faraday's discovery of,

cxxxii. 190
Berar, progress of cotton culture in,

cxv. 499

scheme for irrigation of,

cxix. 126

official publications respect-
ing, cxxxvii. 225; its ancient
name Vaidarbha, 226; boundaries,
ib.; population and climate, ib.;
the Ajunta hills, 227; the plain of
Berar, ib.; objects of natural
beauty, 228; salt-wells of Akola,
ib.; early history, 229; Moghul
rule, 230; Akbar's survey, ib.;
Mahratta oppression, 232; the Ni-
zam's government, 233; British oc-
cupation of, in 1853, 235; low state
of, at that time, 236, 237; divi-
sions of, ib.; British administra-
tion, 238; revenue returns, ib.
239; Ryotwar system of land,
240; adventitious elements of pros-
perity, 242; discovery of coal-
fields, 243; statistics of cotton

trade and local productions, 244; state of education, 245; conditions" of British occupation, ib. note Berenice,' H.M.S., her operations in the Persian Gulf, cxxv. 14; retires from Muscat, 15. See Wahabees

Bergenroth (Mr. G. A.), his edition

of the Simancas Papers, cxvii. 378; his account of his labours, 379; his low estimate of Ferdinand and Isabella, 386

supplement to Vols. I. II. of his State Papers, cxxxi. 341; documents relating to Juana la Loca, 342; memorial sketch of, by Mr. Cartwright, 343; division of contents, 345; fails to disprove Juana's insanity, ib.; neglect of Peter Martyr, 346; his allegations of heresy, 352-355; his theory of her madness, 361; charges against Charles V., 365; unfounded theory of her torture, 367 Berghaus, on the religions of the world, cxv. 396 note Berghes (Marquis de, d. 1570), his mission to Philip II. of Spain, cxxvii. 21; his death, 23 Berkeley (George, Bishop of Cloyne, 1684-1753), his toleration of polygamy, cxv. 207

his vindication of freethought, cxxi. 442

enters Trinity College, Dublin, at fifteen, cxxv. 59

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ship with Prior, ib.; at Trinity College, 5; his first publications, ib.; early habits of mental abstraction, 6; anecdote of Conterini, b.; his collegiate studies, 7; love for mathematics and dialogue, 8; relations with the Molyneux family, 9-11; made bishop by Queen Caroline, ib.; early influence of Descartes and Locke, ib.; his vindication of the Irish Church against Toland, 14; sympathies with Cartesianism, 16; his crusade against matter, 17; obligations to Descartes, 18-22; and Locke, ib.; his New Theory of Vision,' 24; Principles of Human Knowledge,' 25; his Immaterialism a surprise, ib.; Dialogues of Hylas,' 26; successes in London, 27; on the Continent, 28; essay on the South Sea Scheme, 29; his Bermuda Scheme, 30; Catholic influences at Rome, ib.; visit to Rhode Island, 33; Alciphron,' 34; attacks on Collins and the free-thinkers, ib. 35; his polemical style, 36; returns to London, 37; his Analyst,' ib.; retires to Cloyne, 38; his death, 39; leading features of his philosophy, ib.; his slavish conception of government, 40; his metaphysics, 41; theory of sensationalism, ib.; definition of mind, 42; his psychology criticised, ib.; his inconsistent theory of causation, 43; question of his idealism, 44; Treatise on Motion,' ib.; his indirect services to philosophy,

45

6

his

Berlioz (Hector, b. 1803), Mémoires

de, cxxxiii. 33; his career that of a pretender, 34; his painful Autobiography, 44; his early life, ib. ; medical studies at Paris, 45; first efforts at music, 46; quarrel with Cherubini, 47; acquaintance with De Lisle, ib.; residence at Rome,

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Bermondsey, etymology of, cxxxi.
161; ancient abbey at, 166
Berne, Treaty of, between Savoy and
Switzerland (1564), cxi. 539

cantonal government of, cxix.
421; condition of, in 1775, 423
Bernier (Étienne Alexandre, Abbé,
1762-1806), his negotiations for
the Concordat on behalf of Napo-
leon, cxxviii. 456
Bernis (François Joachim de Pierres,

Compte de Lyon, Cardinal de,
1715-1794), Voltaire's remark on,
cxxv. 505; his meeting with
Madame de Pompadour at Belle-
vue, ib.; his dismissal and exile,
507

Bernot, his file-cutting machine, cxi.
20 note

Berosus (Babylonian historian), his
testimony confirmed by hiero-
glyphics, exi. 45, 46; fragment of,
on the Assyrian rule in Babylon,
57; his chronology, ib.

his Egyptian chronology,
cxvi. 108 note

his authority rejected by Sir
G. C. Lewis, cxxv. 120; but relied
on by Mr. Rawlinson, b.; his
Chaldæan chronology, 122-126;
uncertain character of his narra-
tive, 124

Berri (Duke de, brother of Louis XI.
of France), joins the coalition of
nobles against his brother, cxix.
542; invested with Normandy, 543

;

Berry (Miss Mary, 1763-1852), her
Journal and Correspondence, ed-
ited by Lady Theresa Lewis, cxxii.
297; her introduction to Horace
Walpole, ib.; left his editor, 298;
her popularity in high circles, ib.
value of her literary remains, 299 ;
her parentage and early life, 301;
first foreign impressions, 303; her
plan of conduct, ib.; her appear-
ance described by Walpole, 305;
portraits of, 306; partial estrange-
ment with Walpole, ib. 307; her
engagement to General O'Hara,
308, 310; later reflections thereon,
ib.; her ideas on marriage, 311,
312; her edition of Walpole's
works, 313; her father's character,
ib.; classical studies, 315; her
visit to Paris, ib.; sketch of Buona-
parte, 316, 317; at the French
Court, ib. 318; her play 'Fashion-
able Friends,' 319, 322; her im-
pression of Princess Charlotte,
324, 325; account of Madame
de Staël, ib. 326; edits Madame
du Deffand's letters, 326; her
'Life of Rachel, Lady Russell,'
ib.; her work on England and
France, ib.; its superficial charac-
ter, 327; criticisms thereon, 329;
her merits as authoress, 330; Lord
Houghton's lines on, 332; Sydney
Smith's playful compliment, 333;
her sister's death, 335; her home
life described, 336

Berthier (Louis Alexander, Prince
of Neufchatel, 1755-1815), Miss
Berry's sketch of, cxxii. 315
Berwick-on-Tweed, commercial im-
portance of, in the thirteenth cen-
tury, cxviii. 240
Beryl, unknown etymology of, cxxiv.

238; perhaps the Bdellium of
Holy Writ, ib.; varieties of,
244; use of, in ancient gems,

552

Besonian, the word in Shakspeare,
cxxx. 106, 109

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