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Agricultural labourers, present effect

of local rates on, cxxxv. 265
Ahasuerus, question of his identity
with Xerxes, cxxi. 67
Aikin (John, M.D., 1747-1829),
Southey's remark on his 'British
Poets,' cxxii. 74

Air, ventilation of rooms and mines,
cxxii. 430

opalescence of, by sunlight,
cxxx. 146; blueness of, explained,
147

'Airlie, the Bonny IIouse of,' ballad
of, cxx. 330

Airlie Weem, the, in Angus, cxx.316
Airy (Sir George Biddell, b. 1801),

his reply to Mr. Proctor's criti-
cisms respecting the transit of
Venus, cxxxviii. 160-163

his appointment as Astro-
nomer-Royal, cxl. 98; his valua-
ble lunar observations, ib. 99
Aix-la-Chapelle, bodies of saints
removed to by Eginhart, cxviii.
359

use of, for the wounded in
the war of 1870, cxxxii. 573
Peace of (1668), cxii. 76
Treaty of (1748), cxxv. 488;

its results, ib.
Ajunta (Central India), its pictur-
esque situation, cxxii. 375; Bud-
dhist cave temples at, 385; ques-
tion of their date, ib. 387; the
caves described from Major Gill's
photographs, 388-391
Akbar (Emperor of Hindoostan
1543-1605), his invasion of Be-
rar, cxxxvii. 230

his promotion of the study
of different religions, cxxxix. 419
Alabama claims, Tory policy in 1866
respecting, cxxv. 296

submitted to arbitration,
cxxxv. 577. See Geneva Arbitra-
tion

Alacoque (Margaret Marie), her

alleged revelations, cxxxix. 252;
incidents of her life, 253; Lan-

guet's 'Memoir' of, 255; specialty
of her supposed mission, ib.; her
visions, 260; her so-called revela-
tions anticipated, 261; Father de
la Colombière, 261-267

Alaric I. (King of the Visigoths, d.

410), his capture of Rome, cxviii.
346; his final blow to paganism at
Rome, 348

Alava (Spanish general 1771-1843),
his friendship with the Duke of
Wellington, cxix. 325; anecdote
of, at Quatre Bras, 326; his partial
estrangement with the Duke, ib. ;
.;
his interview with Aranda, 327
Albany (Louise, Countess of, 1752-
1824), her marriage with the
Pretender, cxiv. 152; her per-
sonal appearance, 153; ill-treat-
ment of, by her husband, 160;
takes refuge with him at Rome,
161; her divorce, 166; relations
with Alfieri, 169; visits England
with him, 171; her coquetry with
Fabre, 179; death at Paris, 181;
character, 182

Bonstetten's admiration for,
cxix. 439
Albert (Prince Consort 1819-1861),
difficulties of his position, cxv.
240; his constitutional wisdom,
241

the 'Memorial' to, cxviii.
93; architectural criticisms there-
on, ib. note

his first visit to Scotland
with the Queen, cxxvii. 284; his
wide religious sympathies, 292;
his Highland expeditions, 296;
his intimacy with Bunsen, 493

his aptitude for business
described by Lord Kingsdown,
cxxix. 62

his descent from John
Frederick of Saxony, cxxxii. 92

his appearance in boyhood,
by Stockmar, cxxxvi. 392; un-
popular reception in England, 396;
allowance by Parliament reduced,

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his 'Three Years' Residence
in Japan,' cxvii. 517; national
interest of his work, 518; its
opportune appearance, 540

his despatch on Japanese

affairs in 1864, cxxii. 197
Alcohol, effects of, on fermentation,
CXXV. 406

Aldermanbury, etymology of, cxxxi.
159

Aldersgate, etymology of, cxxxi. 158
Aldo Manuzio. See Manuzio, Aldo
Alemanni (Luigi, Florentine poet),

his harangue to Charles V., cxxxii.
73; anecdote of 'The Eagle,' ib.
Alençon (François, Duke of, 1554-
1584), his personal appearance,
cxxxi. 23; projected marriage
with Elizabeth, ib.-26
Alexander the Great (B.c. 356–323),

his patronage of Aristotle, cxxxvi.
522; his death, 524; his arbitrary
rescript to the Greek cities, ib.
Oriental legends respecting,

CXXXV. 30

his sacrifices at Troy, cxxxix.
508, 533

portrait medals of, cxl. 172
Alexander I. (Emperor of Russia,
1777-1825), his projects of serf-
emancipation, cxii. 199

his prosperous govern-
ment of the Baltic provinces,

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Alexander III. (Pope, Rolando di
Ranuccio Bandinelli, d. 1181), his
schemes of temporal dominion,
cxii. 113

Alexander VI. (Pope, Rodrigo Len-
zoli Borgia, about 1430-1503), his
proposed crusade against the Turks,
cxxi. 220
Alexandria, astronomical school of,
cxvi. 95
Alfieri (Vittorio, 1749-1803), his
early love-adventures, cxiv. 155;
visit to Florence, 157; his passion
for the Countess of Albany, 158;
banished from her society at Rome,
165; meets her at Colmar, 166;
their subsequent intimacy, 169;
his death and burial, 178
Alfonso Henriques (King of Portu-
gal, 1094-1185), his extraordinary
longevity, cxxxi. 459; tomb at
Santa Cruz, ib.

Alford (Dr. Henry, Dean of Canter-
bury, b. 1810), his translation of
the Odyssey, cxvii. 355

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on the influence of usage on lan-
guage, 41; on the effects of lan-
guage on national character, 42;
his controversy with Mr. Moon,
43; his minute method of criti-
cism, 45; on the use of magni-
loquent words, 53; advocates
simplicity of language, 57
Alfred (King 849-901), his two
journeys to Rome, cxviii. 240

compared by Mr. Freeman
to St. Louis, cxxx. 201; his lite-
rary merits, 203

Algae, description of, cxxx. 156
Ali, Mehemet. See Mehemet Ali
Alison (Sir Archibald, 1757-1839),

his History of Europe from 1815
to 1852,' Vols. II.–VIII., cxi. 119;
his previous demerits repeated, ib.;
his five causes of national decline
of England, ib.; his distortion of
statistics, 120; misstates the effects
of Free trade and Reform, ib.-121;
his narrative of the Indian and
European campaigns the best part
of his work, ib.; unfair aspersions
on French authors, ib.; his pre-
tentious style, 122; looseness of
design, 123; iteration of narrative
and phraseology, ib.-124; his egot-
isms, 125; on the contraction of
the currency in 1819, 126; on the
threefold evils of the currency
laws, 127-130; on Catholic Eman-
cipation, ib.-133; on the causes of
Parliamentary Reform, 134; his
defence of the Old Constitution,
ib.-136; alleged injustice of tax-
ation since 1832, ib.; his theory of
the fall of the Whigs in 1841, 138;
on Sir R. Peel's Administration,
139; ascribes Irish emigration to
Free trade, 140; his blunders in
continental history, 141; misstate-
ments respecting Russia, ib.; and
Poland, 142; contradictory theo-
ries of Russian unity, ib.; 144;
his eulogy of the Restoration in
France, 145; denounces the go-

vernment of Louis Philippe, 146;
his panegyric of German modera-
tion in 1815, 147; on Parliamen-
tary government in Germany, 148;
ignorance respecting the Zollverein,
149; on the international relations
of Europe, 150; his four periods,
ib.; his views of English policy
towards Spanish America, ib.; his
judgment warped by partisanship,
151; on the separation of Belgium
from Holland, ib.; on the Spanish
succession, 152; his blunders on
the Turkish treaties of 1840 and
1841, 153, 154; theory of a league
against England in 1848, ib.; his
portraits of public men, 155;
blunders respecting Lord Palmer-
ston, 156; on Lamartine and
Thiers, 157, 158; prophesies des-
potism in America, ib.; ignorance
of German literature, ib.; absurd
criticism of Goethe and Schiller,
159; mischievous character of his
history, 160

Alison (Sir Archibald), his 'Lives
of Lord Castlereagh and Sir C.
Stewart,' cxv. 510; his constant
inaccuracies, ib.; his diffuse no-
tions of biography, 511; his indis-
criminate adulation, 537
Aljubarrota, battle of (1385), cxxxi.
461

Allard (M.), French officer in the
Sikh service, cxxxiv. 385-387
Allegiance, Civil, early Papal claims
respecting, cxxx. 330.

pretensions of Ultramontanes
in opposition to, cxxxvii. 576
Allen (William, Cardinal 1532-
1594), his Admonition,' cxxxiv.
173

6

(Mr. T.), his scheme of postal
telegraphs, cxxxii. 223
Alleyn (Edward, 1566-1626), MS.
letter of his wife, published by
Mr. Collier, cxi. 481
Almanza, battle of (1707), cxl. 478,
479

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recent books of travel on,
Cxxx. 118; past indifference to
Alpine scenery, 119; the Monte
Rosa group explored, 120; explo-
rations of Dr. Forbes, ib.; Alpine
clubs, 121; merits of local guides,
ib.; guide-books, 122 (see Ball,
Mr. J.); beauty of Cormayeur,
123; the Dauphiné range little
visited, ib.; imposing precipices
of Monte Rosa, 124; tour round
it, 125; the Matterhorn, 126;
grandeur of the Val d'Anniviers,
127; Mr. Reilly's excellent maps,
128; merits of the Engadine, 129;
view from the Piz Languard, 131;
the Rhotian Alps, 133; travels of
Mr. Tuckett in the Orteler group,
ib.; the Eastern Alps, 134; Gen-
eral Dufour's map of, 135.
Alsace, mortgaged to Charles the
Bold by Sigismund of Austria,
cxix. 559-568; Hagenbach's
government of, ib.; alliance of
free towns with Swiss confederacy,
569; entry of Charles, ib.; revolts
against him, 571

Alsace and Lorraine, cession of, to
France, cxxxiii. 478-479; recent
German claims to, founded merely
on conquest, ib. 480

population of, when ceded
to Germany, cxl. 385

Alt-Rognitz, Austrian defeat at
(1866), cxxv. 376

Althorp (John Charles, Lord, after-
wards Earl Spencer, 1782-1845),
his conduct in 1831 on Reform,
cxxxiii. 306-309; generous con-
duct to Mr. Littleton, 314

Lord Cockburn's eulogy of
his oratory, cxl. 272
Amari (Michele), his History of the
Mussulmans in Sicily, cxvi. 348;
his mastery of Arabic scholarship,.
ib.; on Arab rule in Africa, 357;
intended scope of his work, 377
Ambassador, Wotton's sarcastic defi-
nition of, cxxvi. 252

Ambert (General Baron), his 'Tacti-
cal Studies,' cxxiii. 95; his mas-
terly account of Austerlitz, 114;
on the modern use of artillery,
122

Amboise, Huguenot conspiracy of
(1560), cxxx. 362; Edict of (1563),
370

Ambrose (Saint, 340-397), his in-
fluence on Western monachism,
cxiv. 329.

Ameer Khan, Governor of Canda-
har, cxxv. 17, 18; revolts against
Shere Ali, 22; his death in battle,
23

America, Spanish claims to the whole
continent, cxv. 8

alleged discovery of, by the
Basques, cxix. 383
America (North), archæology of,
CXXV. 332; richness of ancient
remains in, ib.; condition of, on
the arrival of the Spaniards, 333
(see Mexico); European igno-
rance of its early history, 338;
aboriginal monuments, ib.; three
pre-Columbian epochs, 339; civili-
sation in Yucatan and Panama,
ib.; ancient buildings in Central
America, 340; the temple of
Palenqué, 341, 342; architecture
of the Aztecas, 343; Casas Grandes
of the Indians, ib.; varieties of

'pueblos,' 344; primitive stone
structures, 345; Estufas of the
Intermediate Period, 346; tradi-
tions of Montezuma, ib.; remains
of the Earliest Period, 347; viz.,
sacred and sacrificial mounds, ib.-
350; military works in Ohio, ib.;
copper ornaments, 351; high per-
fection of pottery, ib.; Indian
'garden beds,' 352; theories of
aboriginal races, 354; Asiatic
immigration, 355; visited by an-
cient Japanese, ib.; primitive links
with the Old World, 356; worship
of the phallus, 357; polytheism,
ib.; pyramidal ruins in Yucatan
ascribed to Egypt, 359; the pyra-
mid of Xochicalco, 360; similari-
ties of early tribes, ib.; unity of
races inferred from language, 361;
primitive immigrants, 362; main
courses of population, ib. ; Oriental
source proved by ancient monu-
ments, 363

America (United States), Federal

and State taxation in, exi. 243; tax-
able property in, 244; taxation com-
pared with that in England, 246

increase of brain disorders in,
cxii. 526; condition of, under Mr.
Buchanan's presidency, 547. See
Buchanan, J. Percival

limited power of the Presi-
dent, exiii. 557; dangers of presi-
dential elections, 558; causes of
secession deep-seated, 559; prin-
ciples of early abolitionists, 560;
Squatter Sovereignty introduced,
563; slavery the cause of disrup-
tion, 566-573; Southern views of
Federation, 574; their reasons for
secession unsound, 577; the 'Peace
Congress' at Washington, 578;
difficulties of coercion by the
Northern States, 579; separation
preferable to civil war, 581; per-
petual union impossible, 586

aspects of, to French and
English travellers, cxv. 187

America (United States), Sir
Cornewall Lewis's criticism of
the system of presidential elec-
tion, cxviii. 145; democracy not
to be tested by its results in,
146; evils of the Caucus system,
ib.;

the War of Secession ascribed
to Federalism, 147; separation of
free and slave states advocated by
Sir G. C. Lewis, 150

Episcopal Church of, mixed
synods of clergy and laity in, cxviii.
576; was never a branch of the
State Church of England, ib.; the
'General Convention,' 577; dis-
cipline enforced by law, ib.

first steps towards slave
emancipation in, cxix. 205; one-
third of, unfitted for man, 474;
limits of the Great American
Desert, 475

corruptions of English lan-
guage in, cxx. 42; disintegrating
effects of democracy on social life,
191; the Alien and Sedition Laws,
194; co-operative societies in, re-
semble trades' unions, 432; ex-
change of vegetable products with,
495, 496

idiot institutions in, cxxii.
41, 42; specimens of idiots in, 62,
64

Northern indifference to the
Union at one time, cxxiii. 525;
change of feeling, 526; blind policy
of Mr. Buchanan, ib. 527; his suc-
cessors, 528; improved moral tone
of the presidency, ib. ; immediate
results of the late war, 529; diffi-
culties of re-construction, ib.;
anomalous aspect of parties, 530;
altered doctrine of State Sove-
reignty, ib. 531; restoration of
seceded states, 532; theory of
Mr. Sumner, ib.; policy of Mr.
Johnson, 533; limited power of
Congress, ib.; dangers of central
government after the war, 534;
Radical policy criticised, 535; co-

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