pThe event verified the prediction. His name is not reported among the slain in the British offiticial account, because he held no commission in the army. He was merely a volunteer.

e Among those who were distinguished by their conduct on this day was Col. Marshall, (father wof Chief-justice Marshall,) who commanded the 3d Virginian regiment. It is said, also, that the hief-justice, then quite young, was also present as a volunteer.*

ce Maj. Gen. Greene in person was rather corpulent and above the common size. His complexion swas fair and florid, his countenance serene and mild, indicating a goodness which seemed to shade Chid soften the fire and greatness of its expressions. His health was delicate, but preserved by bumperance and regularity.

pe Gen. Wayne was about the middle size, with a fine ruddy countenance, commanding port, and eagle eye. His looks corresponded well with his character, indicating a soul noble, ardent, and daring. At this time he was about thirty-two years of age. In his intercourse with his officers and men he was affable and agreeable, and had the art of communicating to their bosoms the gallant and chivalrous spirit which glowed in his own.

Gen. Lafayette, then the Marquis Lafayette, at that time was one of the finest-looking men in the army, notwithstanding his deep-red hair. The expression of his countenance was strongly indicative of the generous and gallant spirit which animated him, mingled with something of the pride of conscious manliness. His mien was noble, his manners frank and amiable, and his movements light and graceful. He wore his hair plain, and never complied so far with the fashion of the times as to powder.

Major Lee, (not Maj. Gen. Lee,) one of the most vigilant and active partisan officers in the American army, was short in stature and of slight make, but agile and active. His face was small and freckled, and his look cages and sprightly. He was then quite young, and his appearance was even more youthful than his years. (See Lancaster co.)

Sir Wm. Howe was a fine figure, full six feet high, and admirably well proportioned. In person he a good deal resembled Washington, and at a little distance might have been easily mistaken for him; but his features, though good, were more pointed, and the expression of his coun. tenance was less benignant. His manners were polished, graceful, and dignified.

Lord Cornwallis in person was short and thick-set, but not so corpulent as Sir Henry. He had a handsome aquiline nose, and hair, when young, light, and rather inclined to sandy, but at the time of his being here it had become somewhat gray. His face would have been a fine one, had he not blinked badly with his left eye. With his officers he used the utmost familiarity, and was greatly beloved by his soldiers, to whom he was always accessible. When busy in making preparations for a battle, he had a habit of raising his hand to his head, and shifting the position of his hat every moment, by which signs his men always knew when to expect business. The whisper, "Corn-cob has blood in his eye," which ran through the ranks on such occasions, showed that these signs were perfectly understood.

Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen was a good-looking Dutchman, about five feet eleven, straight and slender. His features were sharp, and his appearance martial. His command was confined almost exclusively to the German corps, as his ignorance of the English language in a great measure disqualified him for any other.

The action commonly known as the Affair at the Paoli, and sometimes as the Massacre at the Paoli, took place on the night of the 20th Sept. 1777, at a place about a mile south of the Warren tavern, on the Lancaster turnpike, and at least two miles southwest from the Paoli tavern.

After the battle of Brandywine, the two armies met again on the 16th Sept. near this place, but were prevented from engaging by a heavy rain, Washington withdrew across the Schuylkill at Parker's ferry, but sent Gen. Wayne, with 1,500 men, to join Gen. Smallwood, and annoy the rear of the enemy who was posted near Tredyffrin church.

Wayne had encamped in a very retired position, near the present monument, and at some distance from the public roads. The British general, receiving information from traitors who knew every defile in the neighborhood, and every movement of the republican troops, detached Gen. Gray, a brave and desperate, but cruel officer, to cut off Wayne's party. Stealing his way

*In July, 1776, he was a lieutenant in the 11th Virginia regiment; in May, 1775, he was appointed a captain. His regiment belonged to the brigade of Gen. Woodford, which formed part of the American right at the battle of Brandywine, in front of which was placed the 3d regiment, commanded by his gallant father. He was in the battle of Germantown, and in that at Monmouth. He was one of that body of men who tracked the snows of Valley Forge with the blood of their footsteps in the rigorous winter of 1778. He was in the covering party at the assault of Stony Point.

through the woods, and up the narrow defile below the Paoli, he drove in the American pickets, and rushed in upon the camp. "The assailants were received with several close and destructive fires, which must have done great execution, but the American troops were compelled by superior numbers to retreat. The number of Americans killed and wounded in this action amounted to 150. Gen. Gray, it is said, had ordered his troops to give no quarter. Many victims were massacred with ruthless barbarity, after resistance on their part had ceased. The cry for quarter was unheeded: the British bayonet did its work with unpitying ferocity." It is said by some that the enemy set fire to the straw in the camp, thus torturing many sick and wounded victims who were unable to escape the flames.

The whole American corps must have been cut off, if Wayne had not preserved his coolness. He promptly rallied a few regiments, who withstood the shock of the enemy, and covered the retreat of the others. When this attack commenced Gen. Smallwood was already within a mile of the field of battle; and had he commanded troops to be relied upon, might have given a very different turn to the night. But his raw militia, falling in with a party returning from the pursuit of Wayne, instantly fled in confusion.

A few persons are yet living who assisted in burying the dead; but 53 were found on the field, whose bodies were decently interred by the neighboring farmers in one grave, immediately adjoining the scene of action.

On the 20th of Sept. 1817, being the 40th anniversary of the massacre, a monument was erected over the remains of those gallant men by the Republican Artillerists of Chester co., aided by the contributions of their fellow-citizens. It is composed of white marble, and is a pedestal surmounted by a pyramid. Upon the four sides of the body of the pedestal, are appropriate inscriptions.

Paoli Monument.

It has often been said, even by some American historians, that this affair was a surprise. A court-martial, convened by Washington at Gen. Wayne's urgent request, within five weeks after the affair, decided, after minute investigation, that "he did every thing that could be expected from an active, brave, and vigilant officer, under the orders which he then had."

Gen. Anthony Wayne was born in the township of Eastown, Chester co., (about 1 miles south of the Paoli tavern,) on the 1st Jan. 1745. He received a thorough education, and was particularly skilled in the mathematics. After leaving school he became a surveyor, and also paid some attention to astronomy and engineering, by which he attracted the attention of Dr. Franklin, who became his friend and patron. At the opening of the revolution he was a prominent member of the provincial legislature. He entered the army in 1775 as colonel of a corps of volunteers; and was afterwards active on the northern frontier at Ticonderoga. Here he was made brigadiergeneral on the 21st Feb. 1777. In the battle of Brandywine he commanded the division of

Chadsford, resisting the passage of the column under Knyphausen with the utmost gallantry until near sunset, when, overpowered by superior numbers, he was compelled to retreat. His conduct at the Paoli is described above. At the battle of Germantown he evinced his wonted valor, leading his division into the thickest of the fight.

In all councils of war he was distinguished for supporting the most energetic measures. At the battle of Monmouth, he and Gen. Cadwallader are said to have been the only two general officers in favor of attacking the enemy. His conduct on that occasion elicited the special applause of Gen. Washington. His attack upon the fort at Stony Point, in July 1779, an almost inaccessible height, defended by a garrison of 600 men, and a strong battery of artillery, was the most brilliant exploit of the war. At midnight he led his troops with unloaded muskets, flints out, and fixed bayonets, and without firing a single gun, completely carried the fort, and took 543 prisoners. In the attack he received a wound from a musket ball in the head, which, in the heat of the conflict, supposing to be mortal, he called to his aids to carry him forward and let him die in the fort. In the campaign of 1781, when Cornwallis surrendered, he bore a conspicuous part; and he was afterwards actively engaged in Georgia. At the peace of 1783, he retired to private life. In 1789 he was a member of the Pennsylvania Convention, and strongly advo cated the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. In 1792, after Harmar and St. Clair had been repeatedly unsuccessful, Wayne took the command on the northwestern frontier, and by his wise and prudent measures, his excellent discipline, and bravery, he gained the decisive battle of the Maumee, and concluded the war by the treaty of Greenville in 1795. A life of peril and glory was terminated in Dec. 1796, in a cabin at Presqu'isle, then in the wilderness, and his remains were deposited, at his own request, under the flagstaff of the fort on the margin of Lake Erie. His remains were removed in 1809 by his son, Col Isaac Wayne, to Radnor churchyard, in Delaware county.

By direction of the Pennsylvania State Society of Cincinnati, an elegant monument was erected, of white marble, of the most correct symmetry and beauty.

South Front.-In honor of the distinguished military services of Major General ANTHONY WAYNE, and as an affectionate tribute of respect to his memory, this stone was erected, by his companions in arms, the Pennsylvania State Society of the Cincinnati, July 4th, A. D. 1809, thirty. fourth anniversary of the Independence of the United States of America; an event which constitutes the most appropriate eulogium of an American soldier and patriot.

North Front.-Major General ANTHONY WAYNE, was born at Waynesborough, in Chester county, State of Pennsylvania, A. D. 1745. After a life of honor and usefulness, he died in December, 1796, at a military post on the shore of Lake Erie, Commander-in-chief of the army of the United States. His military achievements are consecrated in the history of his country, and in the hearts of his countrymen. His remains are here interred.

Gen. Wayne's Residence, 14 miles S. of the Paoli tavern.

Mr. Lewis gives the following narrative, which is corroborated by othFitz was probably connected with the Doanes of Bucks co., and similar desperadoes in Franklin co. and in Virginia :

* This is incorrect; see the biography on the preceding page.

During the winter in which the British occupied Philadelphia, and the year following, some alarm was created and kept up in the county by the daring depredations of one Jim Fitzpatrick, a celebrated desperado of those times. Fitz, as he was commonly called, was born of Irish parents, and was apprenticed, when quite a lad, to a respectable blacksmith of Chester co., named John Passmore: and he labored faithfully at his trade (at or near Downington, it is thought,) until the end of his apprenticeship. While in his boyhood he practised a good deal in athletic exercises, in which he manifested great superiority.

On arriving at his majority, he quit his trade and joined the American army. Not relishing the subordination and discipline of the camp, he deserted, and roamed the country for some time, working as a day laborer for a maintenance. While thus engaged he was seized unawares, by two soldiers, in a meadow in London Grove township. It was proposed to lead their prisoner directly to Wilmington, but at his entreaty the men were prevailed upon to go with him first to his mother's to procure some clothes, which he said he should want in case of detention. On opening his mother's door, he grasped his rifle, which stood behind it, and presenting the muzzle to the soldiers, threatened to shoot them down unless they would leave him instantly. They did not think it prudent to dare him to the execution of his threat, and Fitz returned to his labor, and continued to pursue it as if nothing had happened.

To particularize the many adventures related of this singular man-this Rob Roy McGregor of the county-would surpass my restricted limits. During the year or more that he infested this vicinity, he was extremely active, and every day plotting or achieving some new plan of mischief. He however never molested his tory friends, for, having espoused the British interest, he considered the whigs only as his enemies, and himself at liberty, as a partisan chief, by the laws of war, to harass them in every possible manner.

He had his peculiar humor, which he frequently indulged at the expense of others. Even in his treatment of those whom he chose to punish, he often proceeded in such a manner as to render them objects of ridicule rather than pity. He despised covetousness; and in all his depredations was never known to rob a poor man. Indeed he often gave to the poor what he took from the rich. It is related that while lurking in the neighborhood of Caln meeting-house, he met with an old woman on her way to the city with all her little stock of money to procure a supply of goods. Not knowing the robber, and but little expecting at that time the honor of his company, she made known to him her apprehension that, as Capt. Fitz was in the neighborhood, she might fall into his clutches, and be deprived of her whole fortune. Fitz, after obtaining her secret, told her he was the man she so much dreaded, but there was nothing he would disdain so much as to wrong a weak and defenceless woman. At the same time he drew from his pocket a purse of guineas, presented it to her, wished her a pleasant journey, and turned off into the woods.

The whig collectors of public moneys were the special objects of his vengeance, and all the public money which he could extort from them he looked upon as lawful prey. One of these men he not only plundered of a large sum, but took him off to his cave in the woods, where he detained him two weeks, to the great alarm of his family, who supposed him murdered.

He was often pursued by whole companies of men, but always escaped them by his agility, or daunted them by his intrepidity. On one occasion, 50 or more persons assembled well armed, and resolved to take him if possible, dead or alive. They coursed him for some hours over the hills, but becoming weary of the chase, they called at a tavern to rest, and procure some refreshment. While sitting in the room together, and every one expressing his wish to meet with Fitz, suddenly, to their great astonishment, he presented himself before them with a rifle in his hand. He bade them all keep their seats, declaring that he would shoot the first man that moved. Then having called for a small glass of rum, and drank it off, he walked backwards some paces, with his rifle presented at the tavern door, wheeled and took to his heels, leaving the stupified company in silent amazement.

Not long after this occurrence, another party of 18 or 20 men was hunting him with guns and rifles upon the South Valley hill. Stepping from behind a tree he presented himself to one of the company separated a short distance from the rest, and asked him whom he was seeking. The man answered, "Fitz." "Then," said Fitz, "come with me and I will show you his cave where you may find him." The bold man-hunter went accordingly. After leading him some distance from his companions, Fitz told the fellow who he was; bade him ground arms, tied him to a tree, cut a withe, and flogged him severely. He then told him he might go and inform his comrades where to find the Fitz they were hunting. When they arrived at the place, he had decamped. Shortly after a price had been set upon his head, to show how much he dared, or how heartily he despised the cowardice of the multitude, armed with two pistols and a dagger, he deliberately walked in open day, from the southern hill opposite Kennett square, through a great company of people, who made way for him, to Taylor's tavern, took a glass of grog, and went away without molestation, though there were men present with arms and muskets in their hands.

A man from Nottingham, once in pursuit of Fitz, entered the house of his mother, behaved rudely, and broke her spinning-wheel. Fitz vowed revenge, and sent the fellow word that he would visit him shortly. The man swore he would be glad to see him, and ventured to predict that if Fitz appeared he should give a good account of him. The robber kept his promise, and

having met his mother's injurer at his own door, ordered him in a peremptory tone to follow him to the woods. The man had not the hardihood to disobey, but did as directed. Fitz then tied him to a tree and inflicted on him his favorite punishment-a sore flagellation.

But this man, who had daunted multitudes, and baffled so long the vigilance of his enemies, like Sampson was at length betrayed and taken by a woman. This Delilah was the mistress and confidant of Fitz, and was mainly dependent for the means of support upon his generosity. She then lived in a house near the Strasburg road, and a little beyond Crum creek, in a retired situation.

He was apprehended by men concealed in the house, and conducted immediately to Chester, where he was tried, condemned, and executed; behaving throughout with a firmness worthy of a hero, and consistently with the character he had sustained.

The county of Chester contains no very large towns, but is studded over with pleasant rural hamlets, which have grown up in the progress of years, at the crossings of the great roads, or near the sites of the ancient inns, with which the county abounds. Many of these old taverns on the Lancaster and Harrisburg turnpikes were famous among the travellers of the olden time, and not a few have been distinguished in the annals of the revolution. Such were the Spread Eagle, the (Gen.) Paoli, the (Gen.) Warren, the White Horse, the Black Horse, the Ship, the Red Lion, &c. &c. Near some of these, small villages have grown up. When Gov. Pownal visited Lancaster in 1754, he spoke of stopping on his way at the Buck, by Ann Miller; at the Vernon, by Ashton, (now the Warren ;) the White Horse, by Hambright; the Ship, near Downingtown, by Thos. Park; the Red Lion, by Joseph Steer; the Wagon, by James Way, &c.

WESTCHESTER, the seat of justice, is a pleasant town, rather compactly and substantially built, situated in Goshen township, five miles south of the Great Valley, and 23 west of Philadelphia, on very high ground, the dividing ridge between branches of the Brandywine and Chester creeks. In 1800 the population was 374; in 1810, 471; in 1820, 552; in 1830, 1,252; and in 1840, 2,152. The town is regularly laid out on streets at right angles. The public buildings, especially those erected within the last ten years, reflect great credit on the enterprise and taste of the citizens. Of these the bank, with a magnificent Doric portico of pure white marble, the new prison, the Methodist, Presbyterian, and Episcopal churches, the Athenæum, and Mr. Bolmar's seminary, are the most conspicuous. Besides the churches enumerated, there are, a Catholic church and two Friends' meeting-houses; also an academy, a female seminary, two or three large boarding-schools, a public library, Athenæum and Cabinet of Natural Science, the courthouse, and public offices. The town is remarkable for salubrity, and is surrounded by a beautiful undulating country. Westchester is pre-eminent among the villages of the state for its highly cultivated state of society, and the general diffusion of intelligence among its citizens. The geology, mineralogy, and natural history of the county had been very fully explored and written upon by citizens of the town engaged in the ordinary pursuits of life, long before the state geological survey was set on foot; and with many departments of science, literature, and the arts, the great mass of the citizens have acquired familiarity, by self-instruction and by lectures at their admirable Athenæum. Among the curiosities deposited in the cabinet here, is the telescope of Gen. Wayne, and a collection of autograph letters to himself from nearly all the distinguished officers of the revolution, together with his own autograph.

A railroad, nine miles long, constructed in 1832, connects with the Co