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forward upper grinders, and forcing a vocalized breath through the small groove along the center of the tongue. The sound is occasionally involved in gn (vignette, lorgnette, etc.), and is represented also by i (million, pinion, etc.), and ñ (cañon).

EXERCISES FOR THE GROUP

cab - cake call - can

cap

car cast choir chorus clam - clear clock coach - coal- cob - code

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coffee coil - cube cuff culture curious

custom; action actor addict - beckon - biscuit circuit declare - doctor election - facsimile - fiction

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joker local nickel - reckon - sacred sector tackle - token - vacuum; bake brick - cook

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cork - creak - dock - duke frisk - hark - jerk - knock look - placque - poke - quick - rake - seek - silk - strike task work.

gable-gain- gamble - garret - gawky - get-gewgaw gilt gimlet girdle - give girdle give glade - glare - glass

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gore gosling - grain - great greet gun; agate - argue - baggage cargo - degrade eagle - fragment - giggle - haggle - jagged - luggage magpie - nugget - pigment - quagmire - regret - rugs segment suggest vulgar; bag - beg

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berg- big crag - dog- egg - flag - gig - keg - lug nag-plague - rogue rug sag slug stag trig tug vague - vogue.

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anxious bringing - flinging - gangster - hanging kingdom - kings - longing - lungs - ringer - singer singing; along - among - asking

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clung - earning - fang - ironing - king - long - meaning ring-rung - sing - sung.

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angle - bangle - bungle - congress - dangle - finger

jingle - longer - longest - mingle - stronger - strongest tingle wrangle.

anchor - ankle - bank - brink - dank - hunk - ink

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yam - yank - yard - yarn - year - yeast - yell - yen yes yet yew yield yoke yore you - young - lanyard - lawyer

your

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yule; beyond

cañon

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lorgnette million - minion - pinion - trillion - vignette.

GENERAL EXERCISES

I. Note that in this exercise the similarity of the sounds requires careful utterance for distinctness. Practice should be continued until the student is able to read the sentences with clearness, moderate rapidity, and no stumbling.

a. With a pat of his bat on the mat, he bade the mad, fat maid wait.

b. This thing is so thick that it takes time to dig Dick out.

c. Shearing the sheep these azure days assuages

the sad thoughts which assail the sinful. d. In summer Sadie sedulously sews the satin samplers, thus shaming her slothful sisters. e. The acquisitive deacon ekes out an economical existence by accommodating exhibitions with equipages.

f. Grasping the crackling ground glass he closed the curious closet quickly.

g. The trim troop-train drives through the throng thrice.

h. The questioner accusingly asked Carl's ac

quaintances for the accounts acknowledging

his equipment.

i. From this time to that time did he attend to

the tenth artillery, adding a tactfully dated

attack to the attempt through the teeth of the tempest.

j. The cheerful judge jumped gingerly, but changed chairs churlishly.

k. Lillian lightly rippled and rolled the lilting religious lyrics.

1. Singing long, the singers sang strongly the ringing carolings.

II. Frequently a word ends with the same consonant, or same articulation, which begins the word following. In such cases it sounds affected to release the articulation and reproduce it for the duplication. On the other hand, it is very easy to make the mistake of running such words together. For duplicated explosives, the speaker should force the breath against the articulation for the first consonant, hold the breath against the articulation during a distinct pause, and then break the articulation to produce the second consonant. Between duplicated continuants the break is not so complete, but by quickly diminishing the breath current on the first consonant and giving it a fresh impetus on the second, a satisfactory result is obtained.

a. It was a fine night last Tuesday.

b. It was a dread day on the deep pond for the brave venturers.

c. This stem was on a ripe1 melon.
d. What do you breathe through?
e. A bad knock fractured four ribs.
f. That does seem mercenary.

g. John named five varieties.

h. You will not hear results till later.

i. Back came the fifth throng.

j. The badge James selected was used as a watchcharm.

k. The league came forward at daybreak.

SELECTIONS FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION

TOBY VECK'S JOB

I take my stand by Toby Veck, although he did stand all day (and weary work it was) just outside the church-door. In fact, he was a ticket-porter, Toby Veck, and waited there for jobs. And a breezy, goose-skinned, blue-nosed, red-eyed, stony-toed, toothchattering place it was to wait in the winter time, as Toby Veck well knew. The wind came tearing round the corner especially the east wind- as if it had sallied forth express from the confines of the earth to have a blow at Toby. And oftentimes it seemed to come upon him sooner than it had expected, for bouncing round the corner and passing Toby, it would suddenly wheel round again as if it cried, "Why, here he is!" Incontinently his little white apron would be caught up over his head like a naughty boy's garments, and his feeble little cane would be seen to wrestle and

1 A duplicated articulation presents the same problem as a duplicated consonant; p and m, for example, require the same articulation.

struggle unavailingly in his hand, and his legs would undergo tremendous agitation, and Toby himself all aslant, and facing now in this direction, now in that, would be so banged, and buffeted, and tousled, and worried, and hustled, and lifted off his feet, as to render it a state of things but one degree removed from a positive miracle, that he wasn't carried up bodily into the air as a colony of frogs or snails or some other portable creatures sometimes are, and rained down. again to the great astonishment of the natives, on some strange corner of the world where ticket-porters are unknown.

(DICKENS: The Chimes)

TO AUTUMN

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness!
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves

run;

To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,

And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;

To swell the gourd and plump the hazel shells With a sweet kernel, to set budding more,

And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.

Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,

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