very fortunately, at the instant these had entered the enclosure, the gate swung back on its hinges, and thus they were caught as in a trap. From being the most voracious of animals, the nature of these beasts, now that they found escape impossible, became completely changed; so far, indeed, from offering molestation to any one, they slunk into holes and corners, and allowed themselves to be slaughtered almost without making resistance.”—Vol. ii. p. 173-5.

The only kind of game of much consequence in these northern regions is the elk, which, although only to be traced in its fossil relics in our latitude, still haunts the mountains of Norway. We are heartily sorry we have not time to follow this gigantic stag in his rapid flight over the rocky wild, where he sometimes leads the peasant a dance of many weeks. Our limits warn us to conclude, recommending Mr Lloyd to the serious attention of all true descendants of Nimrod.

The History of the Church, from the Creation of the World to the commencement of the Nineteenth Century, &c. By the late Alexander Smith Paterson. Edited by the Rev. James Brewster. 2 vols. Pp. 970. Edinburgh. For G. Clark and Son, Aberdeen. 1830.

such, especially, we would recommend this well-executed work. In point of information, it falls little short of the clear and distinct arrangement, it is superior to most of more celebrated works upon the subject. With regard to them; while, in respect to condensation, cheapness, simplicity, and, consequently, general usefulness, it possesses a decided advantage over them all, with the exception of our own old favourite Gregory.

Mr Paterson begins his history with the creation of the world, and brings it down to the commencement of the nineteenth century. His first volume concludes with the establishment of our holy religion by our Saviour and his disciples; the second contains what is properly called Ecclesiastical History, viz. the history of the Christian church, with the persecutions, corruptions, and heresies, which retarded the progress of the true faith, or disturbed the peace of the church. On so extensive and so difficult a subject, it was not to be expected that the author should have escaped committing some errors, especially of strictures, and delivering opinions, to which we can by judgment; accordingly, we find him occasionally making

long as he faithfully communicates the facts, that we may be able to form our own judgment; for we care not

no means subscribe. This, however, is a venial fault, so

pure text. A more serious fault is his credulity, which is the more to be regretted, because, in the second volume, he has neglected to refer to his authorities, and the reader is thus left entirely dependent on his author's judgment for facts, some of which stand on good, others on more questionable authority, and others, again, upon scarcely any authority at all. The omission of references, we think altogether unpardonable in a work of this kind; for, except in contemporary annals, where the events related fall under the writer's own observation, no historian has a right to expect that his work will be received as of authority, unless he refers to those sources whence he has derived his information. Every candid and honest historian will be anxious to do so, for the sake of his own reputation; and we can ascribe such omission by our author only to oversight, or perhaps to a reason which disarms all criticism, the want of time, which a mortal illness left him, for completing his labours. On the whole, we can recommend the work to the public in general, and particularly to the theological student, as a carefully executed and most useful Church History.

AN intimate acquaintance with Church History is in-greatly for the comment, provided we have always the dispensable to every Christian minister. It is one of the qualifications which our church most scrupulously requires in every candidate for her priesthood; and with good reason, since, without a competent knowledge of ecclesiastical history, the preacher would be unable to avail himself of some of the most powerful evidences of the canonical authority and integrity of those sacred writings which are the foundation of his faith, and the rule of his obedience, and of whose doctrines he has enlisted himself the champion. It is a mistake to suppose, however, that this study belongs exclusively to the professional theologian. Ecclesiastical, like general history, conveys important instruction under a captivating form; and from the variety of incident, the astonishing revolutions, the collision of parties, the opinions, actions, and character of men distinguished by their faults, their virtues, and their fortunes, which it subjects to our view, it possesses a powerful attraction even for the general reader, especially if he has had courage fairly to cross the threshold of this formidable study, and sufficient leisure to follow up its minute details; for otherwise, church history presents, at the very outset, difficulties, which few save the professional student are willing to encounter. Of these, one of the most formidable is the dry, immethodical, and tedious manner in which writers of church history have generally treated their subject. A clear, authentic, popular ecclesiastical history, is still, notwithstanding the voluminous works published under that name, a desideratum in our literature.

The work at present under our review is one of considerable merit; and it derives a peculiar interest from being the posthumous publication of a very young man, a probationer of our own church. It indicates a degree of learning, and especially research, highly creditable to the author, and leaves us reason to lament that his very promising talents have been so soon lost to the community. Some readers will esteem it an advantage, others a disadvantage, that the history is written in the form of question and answer. Unquestionably this form will render it more useful to public schools, and students whose object is to prepare themselves for sustaining probationary trials on Church history. To the general reader, however, who studies amusement as well as instruction, a continuity of narrative would be more pleasing; and he must feel it rather an annoyance than a help, to have the flow of narrative perpetually interrupted by the scholastic reciprocation of question and answer. For the student again, who wishes to impress on his own memory minute facts, and for the teacher, whose business it is to guide the studies of others, this form possesses a positive advantage; and to

The Lives of the most Eminent British Painters, Sculp
tors, and Architects.
Vol.
By Allan Cunningham.
III. (Family Library, No. XIII.) London. John
Murray. 1830.

THIS Volume contains the lives of our most eminent British sculptors, is dedicated to Chantrey, and is, in our opinion, superior to either of the two which have preceded it. It places the heroes of the story before us in their studio, and in their hours of leisure, depicts their aspirations after eminence in art, and their habits and manners, when the mind was at rest, and the possessor of a soaring spiri had subsided for a while into the class of ordinary men. It is at the same time arranged in such a manner, and contains such occasional disquisitions, as fit it to supply the place of a history of British sculpture, from the Re volution in 1688, down to the present time. It evince in the author an extensive knowledge and just feeling the art. It is at once popular and instructive.

To Roubiliac, who, with exquisite mechanical dexterity and a lively fancy, is still apt to be frippery, succeede, Nollekens, Banks, Bacon, and Flaxman, who, by the ai of strong good sense and just feeling, and some of thea by the superaddition of a higher ingredient, placed th sculpture of Britain on an equal footing with that of th continental nations. Townley and other amateurs worke by their side with zealous admiration; but the even

A Treatise on the Law of Scotland respecting Tithes, and the Stipends of the Parochial Clergy; with an Appendix, containing Illustrative Documents not before published. By Sir John Connell, Knt. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh. Thomas Clark. 1830.

THIS work, which is the only available one on the branch of law it discusses, has received some important additions in the present edition. It is unnecessary to enter into any detail concerning a book, which no lawyer or clergyman will go without, and which no other person will purchase. It is worth while, however, noticing in reference to it, the retributive justice by which the tithes of which our old barons despoiled the church, have become the veriest plague to which their descendants are liable-a source of incessant, petty, teasing annoyance.

New System of Commercial Arithmetic; or, Guide to Business and Science; for the Use of Schools; in which the Principles of the Rules, and the Reasons of the Operations, are fully explained. By Robert Murray, Master of the Commercial and Mathematical Academy, 10, Nicolson Street. Edinburgh. John Boyd. 12mo. Pp. 443.

ARITHMETIC, which is unquestionably one of the most important branches of education, has generally, we believe, been taught in a most superficial and unscientific manner. Neither the principles on which, as a science, it is founded, nor the application of these principles to the various departments of business, have been duly elucidated and inculcated; and young men, on leaving school, commonly find that their acquirements on this head are wofully deficient. This is to be attributed chiefly to the character of the class-books put into the hands of youth. The systems of arithmetic at present used in schools,

The Wine Drinker's Manual. London. Marsh and whatever be their merits in other respects, are so exMiller. 1830. 12mo. Pp. 296.

Remarks on the Actual State of the University of Cambridge. London. Published by Charles Tilt. 1830. 8vo. Pp. 47.

tremely limited in point of size and information, that no Tuis agrecable little work presents us with an account elucidation of principles, no analysis of rules, no " philo of the celebrated vineyards, and of the different processes sophy of arithmetic," can be expected from them. The of wine-making in different countries. A value is given teacher, however able or zealous, has seldom time to supto both the picturesque details and the practical instruc-ply the deficiences by which these treatises are charactertions, by their being accompanied with a statement of the ised. Among the many improvements which education results of the most recent enquiries of men of experimental has recently undergone, and is still undergoing, we are science. Every body takes a greater or less interest in glad to see an attempt like that made in the work before wine, and every body, therefore, will find more or less us, to promote improvement in the department of arithamusement in the "Wine Drinker's Manual." metic, the most generally important branch of all. Mr Murray's treatise, which extends to no fewer than 443 densely printed 12mo pages, we regard as by far the most valuable work on the subject that has yet appeared, being not more useful for schools than for private students. The Rules and Definitions are given with equal exactness and perspicuity, and the Examples are judicious; while the illustrative Notes, which embrace 150 pages, contain the most full and satisfactory analysis of the principles of the rules exemplified in the body of the work. These Notes, indeed, form the distinguishing characteristic of the book, and constitute that portion of it, in which the greatest ability and originality are displayed; and while they are abundantly plain to the pupil, are yet of such a nature as to be interesting both to the teacher and the man of science. The work, besides, embraces various subjects, such as banking, stockjobbing, and insurance-office calculations, which we have not seen treated so fully or in so business-like a manner in any other publication. There is also appended, a list of Questions,

THEY who are entirely ignorant of the arrangements at the University of Cambridge, may pick up some information from this pamphlet; but we should grossly flatter the work, did we say that there was much to be learned from it by persons previously versed to any extent in the subject. The style is ambitious, and not a little puerile. Take, for example, the magnificent commencement:" It must be admitted, for it cannot be denied, by all who are acquainted with the higher and more intellectual orders of British society, that the majority of those members of the University of Cambridge who annually receive their primary degrees within its precincts, are publicly accused of coming forth from thence into the world with a share of knowledge and information, much inferior to what they had justly been considered as capable of acquiring." The author thought, no doubt, that he was throwing a bomb into this learned institution, but it is only an ill-made squib, better calculated to fizz than to sparkle.

The Pocket French Grammatical and Critical Dictionary; containing the Rules of Grammar and Pronunciation, with the popular errors committed in French conversation, both in France and England; also, the Peculiarities, Niceties, and Difficulties attending French Composition, &c. &c. By Gabriel Surrenne, F. A. S. E. Edinburgh: Printed for the Author, and sold by Oliver and Boyd. 1830. 18mo. Pp. 356.

WE recommend this work to the attention of every one who wishes to perfect himself in the niceties of the French language. A people who laugh so unreservedly as we do, at the mistakes of foreigners, when attempting to speak our language, ought to be on their guard against retaliation. Mr Surrenne's little work is one of the best conceived and most completely executed for the purpose of advanced students that we have seen. It is the production of one who is thoroughly master of his own language, and has a head for scientific arrangement.

66 so extensive," says the author, “as not only to enable the pupil to elicit from the teacher all necessary information, and to furnish the teacher with the means of exercising the judgment and reasoning faculties of his pupils; but to put it also in the power of those

concerned in the examination of schools to ascertain minutely the various degrees of proficiency attained." In short, though a rigid critic might probably discover some minor objections to some parts of this publication, we regard it not only, as we have already said, as the best work on arithmetic that has yet appeared, but as one of the most judicious on any subject, according to the intellectual system of education; and we venture to predict that its success and usefulness will correspond with the character we have given it.

present work, which is the production of an accurate ob- faithfully traced, that we can form a correct notion of server and vigorous thinker.

A Series of the most esteemed Divines of the Church of
England. With Lives of the Authors, &c. By the
Rev. T. S. Hughes, B.D. Vol. I. The Works of
Bishop Sherlock. London. A. J. Valpy. 1830.
8vo. Pp. 418.

the fermenting elements out of which the Church Reformation, and the splitting of the Empire into a number of independent states, went forth. Notwithstanding its title, Dr Münch's book is more properly a history of the house, than of the territory, of Fürstenberg. Of the latter, almost all that we learn from his work is, that it is situated in Suabia." From the annals of the former, he has selected some pleasing and instructive biographies. Memorial de Colonel Gustafson.—Colonel Gustafson is the assumed name of the Ex-King of Sweden,—a man so low in intellect, that when the principle of legitimacy triumphed after the overthrow of Napoleon, he was held incapable of being restored to his throne. He has of late been living chiefly in the neighbourhood of Aix-la-Chapelle. "Even kings have ta'en a mate out o' the plain," sings the poet; but Colonel Gustafson went farther, and selected one from the streets. The Colonel has lately found or fancied himself called upon to correct some statements of the Counts Las Cases and Segur; and as his corrections relate chiefly to dates, we are inclined to think him in the right, for we never yet knew a Frenchman who could condescend to be correct in such matters. But the chief brunt of the Ex-King's anger has expendthe Moniteur, who had ventured, in publishing his epistles, to correct some inaccuracies of style, into which, as a foreigner, he had naturally fallen. These gentlemen insisted upon rendering his French grammatical; whereas he insisted that having once been a crowned head, he was entitled to write it in his own way. The result has been, that the French litterateurs have given the world an intelligible version of the Colonel's story; and he has caused

THIS is a handsome book, and likely to secure for itself, and the succeeding volumes of the series, an extensive circulation, especially in England. A complete collection of the best English Divines does not exist, and it is the object of the present work to supply the desideratum, and to afford, at a moderate expense and in a handsome shape, a full view of the profound researches, the luminous expositions, the interesting criticisms, and the noble eloquence, of Episcopalian Theologians. The works of each divine are to be preceded by a biographical memoir; and to each discourse is prefixed a summary of its contents, well calculated to assist the young clergyman in composition. The series is very appropriately commenced with the powerful compositions of Bishop Sherlock; and these are to be succeeded by the most popular works of Bar-ed itself upon his Parisian bookseller and the Editor of row, Hall, Atterbury, Jewell, Seed, Jortin, Lowth, Hurd, Beveridge, Clarke, Ogden, Paley, Jeremy Taylor, and others. A volume is to appear on the first of every month, and about fifty volumes will complete the work. The Rev. Mr Hughes, who acts as editor, is a zealous and able man, and his labours deserve all success.

Obedience. By Mrs Sherwood, author of "Little Henry the work to be printed at Liege, in his own classical lan and his Bearer," &c. Berwick. Thomas Melrose.guage, with a preface in which he exposes their imperti

1830. 24mo. Pp. 87.

THIS is another of Mrs Sherwood's excellent stories for

nence.

Umrisse zu Goethes Hermann und Dorothea. Fuhring. -The deserved success which has attended the illustra

young people, full of good morality and chaste compositions of the German and English classics, in outline, by

tion.

MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.

GERMAN LITERATURE.

We have just received a considerable number of new works from Germany, but we do not think that many of them are of much interest. They are for the most part rather heavy. There are works on Jurisprudence, Antiquities, Philology, Philosophy, and Theology, but none remarkable either for originality or comprehensive views. One or two of the lighter publications, however, deserve a more particular mention.

Retsch and Cornelius, has set all the young artists in Germany to emulate their example. Retsch, although a great mannerist, is undeniably a man of genius, and whatever he produces must deserve attention. Cornelius, with less power, has much more taste and less mannerism. After all, however, it is a pity to see men possessed of their talents, wasting their time in such unsubstantial work. The poem which Fuhring has chosen as the subject of his illustration, although one of the most pleasing and characteristic of its illustrious author, is perhaps less susceptible than any thing he ever wrote, of being translated into a series of pictures. Fuhring's figures, too, remind us incessantly of Retsch; and the stiff and stately forms of that artist are scarcely at home in a domestic tale they belong to the mailed and brocaded halls of chivalry. The chief merit of these outlines is the feeling they display of the beauties of arrangement, and the expression of one or two of the faces.

Hagiographa Posteriora. Fränkel.—Mr Fränkel has taken the trouble to translate several of the Apocryphal books into Hebrew; for what end, or for whose use, we cannot imagine-nor does he condescend to give us any Phantasiegemälde; von Dr Georg Döring. Für 1830.information upon this point. Mr F. is, we believe, a The author of this work publishes an annual novel, unJew; but these writings are not acknowledged by his na-der the title of "Fancy Portraits." It is that for 1830 tion to be "Hagiographa." We regret, for the sake of the Rev. Edward Irving, that the idea of Hebräising these books did not occur to some one a few centuries In that case, his attempt to elevate a portion of Esdras to the dignity of a canonical book, might have been more feasible.

sooner.

Geschichte des Hauses und Landes Fürstenberg. Von Ernst Münch. Erster Band.-Since the time of Möser, the provincial history of Germany has been prosecuted with an ardour and success unparalleled in any other country. This is, indeed, the only manner in which materials can be collected for a complete history of that gigantic kingdom; for the seeds of its dissolution were sown in the day it was planted. It is only after the individual history of the different principalities has been

which at present lies on our table. Döring is a tolerably
fair specimen of the second-rate German literati. He is
an amiable and sensible man, and his writings bear the
impress of his character. He has a felicitous style of
dashing off a humorous character, and a happy knack at
detecting and exposing baseness and hypocrisy of all
kinds. When, however, he comes to give us a picture of
his own ideal of human excellence, he is apt to fail. There
is something feeble and insipid in the attempt.
manner, when he tries to discuss principles, he seldom
succeeds in elevating himself above the current opinions
of the day; and what renders this still more provoking
is, that he announces them with all the gravity of one who
is revealing some hitherto unheard-of truths. In this lit-
tle volume before us, he exposes, in a light and good-hu-

In like

winds of fame. I have hid my lamp too long under a bushel. What am I to write? Suppose an epic, not in twenty-four, but a hundred books; my hero conquers the world; is betrothed to a modern Semiramis; descends to hell, flings Pluto from his throne, and sends Proserpine screaming across the Styx; reascends; builds cities by a nod, and levels mountains with a breath; dies, is taken up to heaven, deified, and set as a sign among the other constellations. The idea is magnificent; but its execution would require time. I could not finish it in less than six months. I cannot wait so long. The per

moured manner, some of the most fashionable follies and vices in the courts of the petty sovereigns of Germany. The heartless ambition after universal admiration of a court beauty-the cold and unidead stiffness of an illiterate and high-born old lady-the reckless duellist-the timid and sensual pretender to taste and literature-the no less contemptible pretender to piety, half debauchee, half swindler-play off their different peculiarities upon each other in a sufficiently edifying manner. But the author lingers with greater pleasure upon the better attributes of humanity-love, friendship, honesty, and bravery. The descriptions of natural scenery are glowing; and the re-petuity of my existence must be secured in a much shorter marks upon music betray the hand of a master. Those upon painting, on the contrary, are in the last degree superficial and common-place.

T

period. The Epopee may still confine her smiles to Homer, Virgil, Milton, Dante, and Tasso. I shall not become

their rival.

In looking over this book, some almost obliterated "Shall I write a tragedy? That might be done in a impressions have been awakened within us; and our at fortnight. But it would only be to prove myself a triton tention has been directed, after a long interval, to the con- among the minnows. There would be no competition. trast between the German and English character. Goethe I should bear the prize away as easily as the Admisomewhere remarks: Der Sinn erweitert, aber lähmt; rable Crichton' did in the ring at Bologna. I should die That belebt, aber beshränkt. Which we thus para-only have to walk the course like Lord Kennedy's Skiff. phrase:The exclusive cultivation of the reflective pow- I disdain a laurel so easily won. I wish to see it guarders gives expansion to the ideas, but unnerves the charac-ed by serpents, fiery dragons, and cunning magicians. ter; habits of action give strength to the character, but I must enjoy the amusement of overcoming them, and narrow our ideas. In this maxim lies the key to the dif. depart with the consciousness that the spoil is but the ference between the German and Englishman-two cha- reward of my labour. The post of danger is the post of racters, which, in many points, show such a strong fa- honour. Let the energies of my great soul be called into mily likeness. Both nations have made no inconsidera- action by opposition. The delicious perfume of the ceble advances in civilisation, but upon different paths. The dar is discovered only when the tree is struck by the axe English nation, in commerce, in learning, in political of the woodman; the latent fire of the flint is brought management, has acted for itself. The part of the govern-out only by violent concussion. ment has been to watch and check its sometimes overhasty progress. The German nation, on the contrary, has been | led on by a government more advanced than itself. The Englishman has acted like a free and irresponsible agent. The German like a schoolboy. Hence the Englishman is the slave of prejudices and narrow views, but he acts with determination and precision. The German is liberal and enlightened, but soft and unable to act for himself. The latter judges the world, scrutinizes the merits of individuals, and arranges them on a well-graduated scale of desert. The former commands the world, making other nations, willingly or reluctantly, the agents of his aggrandisement.

THE INCIPIENT AUTHOR.

TENNANT.

"I shall write a novel. There is competition there. Every body has been writing novels, from John Galt up to Sir Walter Scott. I shall dispute with him his pre-eminence. I shall drag him from the throne, where, like the mysterious Lama of Thibet, he has so long sat supreme. There shall be a greater than the Great Unknown. I never admired those Waverley Novels; nothing more easy than to surpass them. Let me begin at once. I may finish a couple of chapters before dinner, could I only find a commencement. It must be something striking; I shall burst upon the reader's attention without a moment's warning. I shall infuse fear, wonder, and horror into his whole soul, and his eye will travel over my pages spell-bound. I have it. I shall enter upon my story thus:—

Ha!

The

"It was twelve at night. A thunder-storm was gathering in the sky. A horseman galloped across the wold, and entered the recesses of the forest. He was in black armour, and he wore his visor down. A light My brain swims round, my pericranium glows, Like baker's oven, with poetic fire. gleamed from one of the towers of the castle, just as the muttering thunder awoke the lightning in the purple "Now," said Vivian, seating himself resolutely before clouds'-(A very happy expression.) The stranger his well-appointed desk, "I shall be no longer a dallier knocked at the great gate; the porter opened it, and, round the brink of fame. This pen is the sceptre of my without a word, he rode into the court. The lady sat immortality; that paper the Magna Charta of my legiti- in her banqueting-hall, but the rosy wine stood untasted mate sway over the mind of man. Let them say what before her. She thought in silence of her own true they like of me, I know that I was born for glory. I knight, A heavy tread was heard along the corridor. know it by the throbbing of my heart, by the galloping of The warrior, who wore his visor down, stood before her. my pulse, by my moonlight walks, by my being in love, "'Tis he! 'Tis my betrothed!" the lady cried, and she by my fragments of unfinished sonnets, by my 'extem- raised the goblet to her lips to pledge him joyfully. pore' in Lucy's album, by my dreams of shattered dia- knight unclasped his helmet, and laid it on the table, but monds, garlands of flowers, rainbows, pearls, dew-drops, it was the head of a skeleton that was seen beneath. A and ladies' eyes. I know, by all these signs, and a thou-scream echoed through the castle; the domestics rushed sand more, that I am to move like a sunbeam through the world. I am not vain-nobody ever accused me of that; but if the gods are determined upon giving me glory, how can I help it? They have stuffed my brains as full of brilliant thoughts as they would a casket of jewels. I know not which to take out first. It is a concentration of rays, and all are equally dazzling. What a head I have got! How beautifully round and protuberant are all my knobs! What a noble bump this ideality is! I feel it swelling in my hand like a golden pippin. I was born a cheese-cutter if I was not born a genius. "What am I to write? I must give something to the

to the hall. A helmet lay upon the floor; but the stranger and the lady were gone for ever.'

"Lord bless me! I have got to the conclusion already. Though set in long primer with twenty leads between every line, this would not make above half a dozen pages, with four lines to the page. I must think of something on a more extensive plan. Unless I can produce three volumes, I may as well go to the booksellers with a ream of manuscript sermons in my pocket. My genius seems admirably adapted for the terrible, and my style a fine essence of the beauties of Radcliffe, Maturin, and Lewis. But I have all the versatility of a Chinese puzzle. I can