the departure hence of English Saxondom, we might exclaim "Sic transit gloria mundi," but believing in the presence and vigour of American Saxondom, we rejoice.

At Pittsburgh we see an example of the evil effects of a depreciated paper currency upon a people. The miners there are now receiving in scrip, three times the amount of wages which formerly contented them when paid in silver dollars. The apparent increase of prosperity has proved a source of temptation to the Irish miners which they cannot resist: drinking and fighting now enter more largely into the avocations of the week, until the play of these savage passions has become a terror to peaceable inhabitants. The ignorant Irishman says "I have fought your battles for you and now I will rule:"with his class it is not more "Ireland for the Irish" than in these days, "America for the Irish." Even a child here knows the comparative worthlessness of greenback currency. While it looked upon a silver coin as a real treasure, worthy of being saved, it regards scrip as a sham and not worth saving. "This is a bad note," said a restaurant keeper on my presenting a dollar bill in payment, and examining it more closely I found that it was an imitation, a forgery. "Give it me back" said I, but the American replied "it will do as well as a good one, there are thousands of bad notes in circulation, and we are obliged to take the good and bad together." I could not reconcile my conscience to aiding the fraud, so pocketed the loss and brought home the note of phantom value; but afterwards was careful to refuse imitation greenbacks.

I had heard of American tressel bridges, but passing over the river Catawissa on a wooden viaduct 100ft. high and 700ft. long, I could not help wishing that American

engineers would construct their works, to have at any rate an appearance of greater stability. Accustomed to the solid works on English railways, there seemed something perilous in the steep gradients and awful curves by which the Blue Ridge and the Alleghanies are passed, into the lower vales of the Susquehanna-but it is the fashion of the land not to be too mindful of the odds. The Susquehanna where I saw it is a beautiful river, flowing through meadows and pastures, and I could not but think of the tragic scenes which were enacted higher up the stream, in ill-fated Wyoming Valley. Valley Forge could tell us of the endurance of privations by the patriot army, and Germantown and Brandywine of scenes of battle. At Brandywine there is still a goodly colony of farmers, mostly of Quaker descent, who retain some of the old customs of their fathers, and prouder title still, they have the reputation of being upright and God-fearing men and women. When the domains of the "keystone" State were granted to William Penn, he proposed to call it 'Sylvania' from its large forests,--but Charles the Second gaily told the favourite that he must prefix his own name and call it Pennsylvania. So it came to pass. The old elm tree under which the good Quaker had his treaty with the Indians signed, is now no more in the land of trees, but a portion of it is fashioned into a chair, the sight of which will satisfy the longings of relic-hunters for a long time to

come.

I halted for a breathing spell in Delaware, a tiny State which bears about the same proportion to its giant neighbours as does our Huntingdon to the county of York, assuming at the outset as a basis of comparison, that Delaware is about a third of the size of our largest county. It takes its name from the river, which again was called

after Lord De-la-Warr, a name still known in the British peerage. Here I notice the finest breed of cattle that I have seen in America, many of the animals being finely shaped, and roaned like our English short-horns. American cattlefanciers whom I met, expressed themselves in terms of admiration about those famed specimens of animal flesh and blood which are yearly seen at our Royal Agricultural shows. Delaware bay is a fine sheet of water, narrow and long, like a fiord, and on the other side of it, in sight lie the lands of New Jersey.

This state is in some parts flat and sandy, and here and there resembles the old Jersey of the English Channel. The good folks cultivate large crops of cranberries. To insure success the fruit requires to be grown scientifically, and then it pays well. A dam is made, each frosty night in spring and autumn the plants are flooded with water from it, which is drawn off again in the morning. By this means they are raised on tracts of sandy soil which would otherwise be valueless. It is a pleasant sight when the fruit is turning red, each berry the size of a thimble. As it will keep during the winter, the fruit is in request among the thrifty housekeepers of New England.

In many of the States a law prohibits the holding of land by foreigners. They may occupy property it is true, but the law can give them no title which would be valid for a bequest or sale of it. The reason of this decree, was a determination to prevent Englishmen from buying large tracts of land in the earlier days of the Republic. With the ownership of land would have come a power of control in State affairs, but the Americans jealously guarded against this species of influence. New Jersey is an exception in this respect. Within the boundaries of this State a foreigner is free to buy and hold land or other

property if he pleases. For this reason the docks of the Cunard Company are constructed in Jersey-city and not in New York. This arrangement is inconvenient for passengers; but was apparently the only mode of securing a legal title to the docks to a Company which is a British corporation. I came up to Jersey-city from the South in time to witness the welcome given to General M'Clellan. He had arrived in the steamer "Cuba" after a long stay in Europe, and his friends were determined to give him a hearty reception. As the fine mail-steamer rounded to, and came into port, her deck was a scene of gaiety and excitement. It was a pleasant sight to me to set eyes again upon the British flag.