calls "a gross violation of the constitution," yetmity among those who envy his reputation, without they made the act theirs by adoption; and if this ability to emulate his virtues. But, surely, the implied accusation is just, those officers ought to deadliest foe of gen. Jackson cannot, for a moment, be impeached; and, 3d, because the senate should credit such a charge as this. I dare venture to not prejudge a case which they may be required assert, that not a single member of the select comto examine judicially; and on which this anticipa-mittee, malignant as appears to be the hostility of tion of censure would disqualify them to act.

This subject was, on the 18th November, refer red, by the house of representatives, to two committees, the military and foreign; and one month after, on the 18th December, Mr. Lacock moved in the senate, for a committee on the same subject He appears to have been the moving principle throughout the whole investigation in the senate To his exertions are the public indebted for the commencement of the business, its peculiar character of virulence, and the singular document by which it is terminated.*

some of them to the general, believes that he led an army to the field, and jeopardized the lives of valuable citizens, in order to speculate with security in Spanish lands; or that he risked the ruin, both of health and reputation, and prostrated the constitution to secure the paltry advantage of buying a few acres in Florida. We read of men whose dangerous political ambition prompted to the commission of awful crimes towards their country; but the monstrous act of overturning a free constitution and making unauthorized war, with the despicable view of a triling pecuniary emolument, is yet, and The Seminole war was discussed in the lower may it long be, unheard of and unrecorded. If that house for more than three weeks, and yet not a sin- committee do not believe the charge they have adgle member suggested the slightest censure either vanced, what can be their views, and how will they on gen. Jackson for the employment of volunteers, explain their motives to their country? It would or on gen. Gaines for the unauthorized call on the be both indecorous and useless to indulge in the Creek nation. It was reserved for Mr. Lacock to language of resentment and recrimination; but it make the discovery of a violation of the constitu- would be injustice to the country to withhold the tion in these acts; and the honesty of his views, in expression of a deep conviction, that this most unadvancing such a charge, is to be found in the just and illegal trial originated in dishonest motime he made his report-when the senate had buttives-from feelings of personal hostility in one of six days to sit, and it could not be discussed; and the members, and, in others, of a disposition to in declining to annex the customary resolution, so gratify a junta. It is right to state, that two memas to admit of discussion and afford the friends of bers of the committee were opposed to the report. gen. Jackson an opportunity of defence. In fine, it One of those, who was not personally acquainted was obviously intended to counteract the effects with the general, and who sat in the convention apprehended from the vote of the house and the which formed the constitution, was too well acforce of public opinion; and was, incontestibly, de quainted with the principles of that sacred instru signed to inflict a wanton blow on the feelings and inent, to sanction any proceedings calculated to do character of gen. Jackson, under the imposing sancit vital injury; and the other had too long known general Jackson to entertain any doubt of his purition of a regard for public duty. It is needless to consume time in an exposition ty. When the course of these gentlemen is conof reasons for thinking such a trial of any man's mo- trasted with that of the majority in the committee, tives and conduct unfair and unconstitutional. It the people will have no difficulty in conceiving the is enough to remark, that justice consists not mere.impure motives by which that majority were goly in awarding punishment for crime, but in giv verned. The principles which guided the commander ing to individuals accused of misconduct a full and impartial hearing, and an opportunity of advancing in chief, in the movements of the Seminole cam. all accessible testimony for the elucidation of paign, have been so ably developed and supported their acts, and the uprightness and innocency of by men of integrity and talents, that it is deemed their intentions. This justice has been denied to unnecessary now to review them. The orders gen. Jackson. His public acts and private charac- which governed him are before the world The ter have both been made the subjects of systema-selection and use of the means for their complete tic investigation; and, without a hearing, he has execution are well known. If he left any thing been pronounced guilty of the awful crime of strik undone which was necessary to give prace and ing at the liberties of his country, by an infrac-security to the southern frontier," or if he unnetion of its constitution; and has received, in a cen sure, the cruellest punishment that can pierce the bosom of a soldier.

cessarily superadded to the sufficient means of effecting this object any act injurious to the country and destructive of the constitution, the grounds for And what is the motive to which all the gene. a fair judgment are with the nation, and its award, ral's acts in Florida have been attributed? His either of blame or approbation, will doubtless be operations, say the committee, were conducted just. This article shall be confined to the cluci"on reasons of his own, unconnected with his miliation of some obscurities, and the correction of several misstatements of facts in the narrative of the tary functions"-and these "reasons" were merce nary views and speculations, which the occupan-report. The argumentative part shall only be cy of the Spanish territory would facilitate and touched incidentally. It is stated, in the first page of the report, "that mature! It is to be hoped that general Jackson will never degrade himself by answering a charge in the spring or summer of 1817, the regular as foul as it is ridiculous-a charge totally unsup troops were withdrawn from the posts on the ported by any of the documents, and abundantly Georgia frontier, and concentrated at fort Montgo refuted both by them and by his character. No mery, on the Alabama river, a considerable dis man in public life, who marches steady and erect tance west of the Georgia line." This is calculatalong the path of duty, can fail to awaken an en-ed to create an impression, that gen, Jackson is, sued the order for evacuating the posts south of

Mr. Lacock's son was contractor's agent and Georgia, and thereby jeopardized that frontici, by failed in supplying fort Scott. It has been intimat-opening the way for savage incursion. But, in the ed, that the father was interested in the contract. commission of this military error, he was no way

instrumental. The order for the movement of the | tion, and achieved the victories of Talega, E▾ucktroops to the Alabama was issued from the war de-faw, and the Horse Shoe. The same men who pepartment, by Mr Crawford, contrary to the gene-retrated the swamps of Florida, covered Mobile ral's opinion, who considered the movement both from British visitation; and the same troops, offidangerous and impolitic. cers and men, (d. Jdefeated Wellington's veterans I page 2, it is stated, that gen Gaines ordered on the shore of the Mississippi, and saved New Ormaj. Twiggs "to surround and take an Idian vii-leans from incendiary pollution. Did congress, lage called Fowl Town, about 14 miles from fort ther, adjudge the act of raising them "unconstituScot, and near the Florida line." The order of tional," or did they approve the measure and make maj Twigs was, to bring to fort Scott the chief appropriation for paying them? I will not say that of Fowl Town, who had repeatedly been called to the sanctioning an act by one congress obliges an interview, and as of en contumaciously refused every succeeding congress to approve all similar to appear. The object of general Gaines was to proceedings. But, where a measure of important have a definitive understanding with the chief, re-necessity is adopted on personal responsibility, and spec ing his hostile or friendly intentions; and the approved by the government or the nation, it must importance of such an understanding induced the be some motive, different from a regard for princigeneral to order his forcible capture, if gentle ple, that could prompt a committee of congress, at means proved ineficient. another period, to censure a similar measure urged by similar necessity, and productive of similar benefit.

We

In the same page, is this remarkable paragraph: "On the receipt of this order," (the order under which gen. J proceeded on the Seminole cam- It is thought unnecessary to enter minutely into Paiga,) gen. Jackson, instead of observing the or an enquiry on the powers of either the war departders of the department of war, by calling on the ment or a major-general commanding, to raise, on governor of Tennessee, then in Nashville near the an emergency, a body of mounted volunteers. place of his residence, chose to appeal (to use his shall leave this discussion to those who are fond of own expressions) to the patriotism of the West cavillig at forms, and raising technical objections Tennesseans, who bad served under him in the to the most important and necessary measures. One thousand mounted gun men and Suffi e it to say, that gen. Jackson had to choose two companies of what are called life guards, with between two modes of raising the requisite force: the utmost alacrity volunteered their services, the one productive of pernicious delay, (e.) and from the states of Tennessee and Kentucky, and calculated to ensure ultimate defeat-the other, repaired to his standard. Officers were appointed more simple, less expensive, and creative of an arto command this corps by the general himseif, or other my, fraught with ardent enterprise, and willing to persons acting under his authority. Thus organiz-endure every privation in giving safety to their ed, they were mustered into the service of the

last war.

United States."

brethren of the south. To select was not difficult. I was a choice between defeat and victory; the full performance of an urgent duy, or the disgrace of the general and the destruction of his army.

At the time this order was received, the governor of Tennessee was either in Knoxville or the Cherokee nation; and to have waited the result of T comini tee are grossly erroneous in asserting the usual process of drafting, would have produced that general Jackson appointed the officers of the the two evils, of much loss of valuable time; and volunteer corps. (ƒ) He did not appoint one of the raising of a force reluctant in disposition and them. It is true that he appealed to the officers inefficient in character and equipment. General who had gallantly fought with him in the wilderJackson immediately dispatched a letter to govern-ness of the Creek nation, and on the plains of New or McMinn, apprising him of the call for volun- Orleans, and again roused them to the defence of teers, and informing him, that in case the call their frontiers. (5) But their appointments to should not be promptly and effectually answered, command were in all cases made by the choice of h should require of him one thousand drafted mili-the men they brought into field; and many of the tia.(b.) The governor warmly approved the ste; the officers, high in rank, accepted subordinate comgeneral had taken, and added to his force one commissions. Col. Hayne was ordered to take com pany of mounted volunteers, who joined the army at Fort Gadsden. General Jackson's letter of the 12th January, apprised the department of the mea. sites, and the secretary approved and sanctioned it. ()

and of the volunteers, to organize, muster, and march them to the frontier.

It may be well to remark, before qui ting this subject, that the field officers of the Georgia troops were appointed by choice of the men, after the

nole campaign. They assembled in 1814, at the call for volunteers, chose their officers, and cheer fully obeyed them, although none were commis stoned. They followed the same course exactly in 1817-8, and, in both cases, victory followed their march.

Corps of the same character with the Tennessee volunteers were raised in other parts of the coun (d) It is worthy of remark, that the same regitry, and under different officers, during the late ments, similarly officered, and nearly the sam war ith Great Britain. In the northwestern cam-men who were at New Orleans, were in the Semipaign, general Harrison was joined by a body of volunteers, led by colonel Johnson-and governor Shelby, authorized the general to form them into corps, and appoint such officers as the men might elect. Another body of men, from Ohio, joined the army on the march of general Harrison for the relief of Fort Wayne, without any authority, and uncomissioned by the stae executive. These organized themselves and appointed their officers. Their services were accepted for ten days, and they receive pay for that period.

The muster rolls of the volunteers, in 1814 and 1818, now on file in the war office, establishes this fact.

(e) See Doc. A. (f) See Doc. M. (g.) The importance of rapid movements, at It is well known that exactly the same kind of that time, is best proved by a reference to Doc. F troops filowed general Jackson into the Creek na-containing an extract of a letter to col Arbuckle then at Fort Scott, in an extremely difficult situa

(b) See Doc. B. (c) See Docs. C. D. L. K. I. tion.

concentration of the militia on the west bank of the Oakmulgee, and beyond the civil jurisdiction of Georgia.

such measures as would have been more pernicious than inactivity. In either case his conduct would have been jus ly reprehensible.

In page 5, the committee remark, that the whole strength of the Seminoles, when combined, did not exceed one thousand men, opposed to whom, under general Gaines, were "1800 regulars and militia, besides 1500 Indians, illegally subsidized by the last mentioned general. What, then, in this state of the case, becomes of the plea of necessity?" Imunition and provision. Spanish officers escorted will ask, if the committee did not know, that cor rect information of the numbers and positions of the Indians was only obtained after the termination of the campaign? General Gaines was led to believe, from his enquiries on this subject, that the number of Seminoles exceeded 2,800 warriors. Would it have been prudent to march half this number of men to the frontier, had the general even If these facts had been known at the war ofbelieved the numbers of the enemy to be exagge-fice, it is not to be doubted, that an order would rate? The strength of the Seminoles might easily have been augmented by auxiliary bands from the more easterly parts of Florida, and it became general Jackson's duty, under this consideration, to raise such a force as would ensure success in every emer gency. Can it be wrong to act against an enemy, with a larger force than his own; or is it impolitic sad unmilitary to use that superiority which will ensure success? Such a principle may govern those who lead men to battle to gratify ambition, and weare barren laurels for their brows. But such battles general Jackson never has fought, and never will fight. He has too dear a regard for the character of his country and the lives of her citizens, to endanger either in useless contests; and far may it ever be from him, to draw either on the purse or the blood of the republic, to purchase the wreath of unprofitable glory.

But admit the orders of gen. Gaines to be obli gatory on general Jackson-the case contemplated by these orders never occurred. The Indians were not found under the guns of a Spanish fort, but were sheltered within it. It was their depot, from whence they drew their public stores, both of amparties of Indians to place them in security from our attacks. The war was planned in St. Marks. The Indian power of attorney was executed there, and countersigned by F C. Luengo, the commandant; and the councils for the arrangement of every warlike movement were held in the quarters of that officer.

have been issued for the seizure of St. Marks. For when they, and the acts of the general induced by them, were known, the president approved of the measure. It had not been conceived that the Spanish officers had made themselves parties in the war; and no previous order could have been expected to meet a case which was not supposed to exist.

In page 6, the committee remark, that "here also (at St. Marks) were taken two Indian chiefs, one of whom pretended to possess the spirit of prophecy; they were hung without trial, and with little ceremony." The committee have forborne to state, that Francis the Prophet had long been one of our direst and most dangerous foes--that he had a brigadier's commission from Great Britainand that he successfully employed his superstitions influence and the promises of his trans-atlantic It is is said, that the Indians were illegally sub friends to instigate his deluded brethren to deeds sidized by general Gaines. General Mitchell's let-of rapine and massacre. They seem also to have ter of the 14th December, 1817, to the secretary of forgo ten that Homathlimico, the other chief, had war, apprises the department that the friendly In-headed the party who in cold blood murdered Scott dians should be employed; and general Gaines, in a and his unhappy companions-struck the reeking letter of the 2d December, also informs the secreta tomahawk into the bosoms of defenceless women, ry of the contemplated employment of Indians; and "dashed out the brains of their infants against which communication was received at Washington, the boat." on the 26th December. If, then, the executive were early a prized of general Gaines's intention, the secretary, by not disapproving the measure, adopted it; and the committee knowing this fact, in attributing improper and illegal views to general Jackson, only afford an additional display of splenetic hostility to the army, and the most wanton and studied disregard of truth.

Was it mere "technical retaliation" under which these monsters were executed, or, was their death an awful but just punishment for their unhallowed crimes? It is wrong to speak of the policy of executions; and I trust that mere policy shall never be urged as an excuse for depriving a fellow-being of existence; but criminals are executed both for example and punishment, and the awful example The committee accuse the general of disobe- made of Francis and Homathlimico had a wide dience of orders, inasmuch as he disregarded the spread influence. Two Indians had been taken injunction to general Gaines to abstain from at-with them and released; and, in a few days, the tacking Spanish garrisons, without special instruc-whole Ocheese tribe surrendered at discretion. tions from the department. They were treated humanely, furnished with transportation and provision, and sent into the Creek nation.

K is a clear principle that no order given to one officer can be made part of an order subsequently given to another officer, for the performanc of the An effort is made by the committee to shew, that, same duty, without a special reference to the first, at the time gen. Jackson believed the war to be and an express direction to be governed by it. Jack-ended, he had resolved on occupying Pensacola. son's orders were general: he was told to terminate To establish this charge, they more than once rethe conflict, and give tranquility to the frontier; fer to extracts from his letters, wherein he states and, in these orders, no instructions can be found that the Seminoles are dispersed and their means for his government by the orders previously given of annoyance destroyed. It will be recollected, to general Gaines. In selecting he means of ac-that these letters were written after the end of that complishing the objects of the campaign, the com- part of the campaign which was conducted in East manding general's powers were discretionary, and for his judgment in using those pow powers, was he alone responsible. The only mode in which he could have disobeyed the order, was either to have remained inactive at Nashville, or to have adopted

Florida, and had a necessary reference to the general's success in securing that portion of our fron tier immediately open to the incursions of the eastern Seminoles. At the time the despatches were written, the number of hostile Indians in West

Florida were unknown: and, without attributing | laughed at by the Indians. Relieved from all apto generai Jackson the powers of prophecy and prehension of attack, and the privation of their magic, it was impossible, in stating "the Seminole Spanish depots, they would leisurely have concenwar was en led," that he meant to exiend the re-trated their forces, and broken the cordon at almark to all future aggressions, both on the eastern most any point. It was then necessary to attack and westers extremities of our southern border. them, and, as in West Florida they never were The Seminoles in East Florida were dispersed, not embodied, the general had either to march his exterminated-their towns were burnt and their whole army in pursuit of each little squad of warcattie taken from them; of course, when scattered riors, and exterminate them in detail, or to and in a state of starvation, the commanding gene-adopt such measures as would relieve his army ral safely said the war with them was at an end. from useless toil and bloodshed, and his counBut the means of subsistence they might soon try from unnecessary expense. This measure was again procure from labor and the sympathy of their the provisional occupation of Florida. It was an Spanish friends east of Shawanee-and, these ob-act of necessity; the necessity we were under, ia tained, they still possessed the power of concentra- all cases, to protect the lives and liberties of our tion and incursion; although it was confidently trusted that the awful lesson which they received would have a permanent salutary influence.

In West Florida, the same outrages had for some time been committed, almost daily, on the frontier of Alabama; and the letter from governor Bibb of the 19th May, which was received on the arrival of the army at the Escambia, plainly shewed that that territorial border called as loudly for defence and security as the frontier of Georgia.

citizens. If the occupation of Amelia Island is justifiable, the seizure of Pensacola is still more so; for the lives of our citizens are of infinitely greater importance than the plunder of our commerce, and the security of a frontier from Indian invasion, of much greater interest than the prevention of smuggling.

To destroy the scattered parties in West Florida, capt. Boyles, with two companies of rangers, was ordered to scour the country, and his gallantry and success are well known.

In page 7, of the report, there is a sentence calculated to induce a belief that the terms of capitulation were forcibly imposed upon the governor and garrison of Pensacola. These terms were proposed by the governor himself, before surrendering the Barancas; and were fully acceeded to, except in such points as affected the security of the occupancy, and the objects of the campaign.

East and West Florida were similarly situated; both were inhabited by Indians hostile to the U. S. in both had British instigation cherished and matured this spirit of hostility; and in each, had the savages a depot, whence they drew their warlike munitions, and on which they could retire in case of defeat. Of all these facts, the general had the fullest proofs; and with these proofs before him, he had to choose between retiring from Florida into Tennessee, content with doing half his duty, by se- It was unnecessary to remark that gen. J. abocuring half the frontier, or executing his orders en-lished the revenue laws of Spain, (p. 6.) The catire, by pursuing the same course to tranquilize the west, which he had successfully adopted in the

east.

pitulation engaged for the transportation of all the officers of government, civil and military, to Havan na. What then became of their revenue laws?I mean not now to enter upon a defence of the The governor virtually abolished them himself. occupancy of Pensacola. General Jackson believed It is not a fact that all the officers of the new goit necessary, and therefore he did it. If it saved vernment were military men. The temporary gothe life of a single frontier settler, it was right; vernor, col.King, is an officer of the army; but civil and it can only be proved wrong by shewing, that officers were appoined in the different departments there was not a single body of Indians in West from among citizens, and M. M'Kenzie, a native of Florida at the time when Pensacola was occupied. Mobile, was placed at the head of the magistracy. The savages west of Pensacola bay were scattered The civil rights of the inhabitants were secured to in the swamps, obtaining, after their dispersion by them, and, in some instances, particular privileges the movement of major Youngs, and general Jack of individuals were held sacred, which were totalson's advance into the country, a miserable subsist-ly repugnant to the nature of our political instituence by hunting and depredating on the cattle of tions. the inhabitants. Had these Indians, irritated by In the 9th page of the report, there is a remark defeat, been granted access to their old depot, they that before general Jackson could make a hostile would, in parties of ten and twenty, have commit- movement on the Spanish possessions, they must ted more murders on our open border than could have "opposed him by physical not moral force.' ever have sat easy on gen. Jackson's conscience, It is not easy to understand this distinction, but had any act or neglect of his, facilitated their com-I presume the committee mean by moral force, the use of persuasion and instigation among the Indians, Common sense as well as national law prohibits and furnishing them with arms and ammunition. If any violation of neutrality to prevent any evil re- the use of such a "moral force" is not to be opposmotely prospective. But where the expected dan-ed and avenged, without an infraction of natural ger is both of vital character and certain occur law, and the constitution, in what a situation we rence, to neglect any means of preventing it is not are placed? The adoption of such a principle, foronly falsely generous but grossly criminal. Indi- ever puts a stop to frontier emigration, and the viduals may make such sacrifices, when mere per-proud spread of our hardy population. It declares sonal danger or inconvenience is apprehended, but to the enterprising settler of the wilderness, that to avert so dangerous an evil as the murderous in. it is illegal to protect him from the Indian incurcursion of a savage foe, all accessible means of sesion; and it says to the infamous emissaries of Bricurity and prevention are imperiously called for. tain: Your safety is now secure; go among our InMen who know the Indian character, are well dians, and, by gold and superstition, spirit them aware of the folly of defensive operations to re-to reiterate outrage; deluge our frontier in blood; strain their massacres and predatory expeditions. we dare not touch you; standing under the shelter If the whole army had been extended in a cordon, of our constitution, your punishment would be a along the southern frontier, they would have been stab to the liberties of our country.

mission.

In regard to gen. Jackson's order to gen. Gaines | documents in his possession. It should be recollectto occupy St. Augustine, it is only necessary to ed that the general himself furnished the copy of say, that it was issued in conformity to the same his order to gen. Gaines respecting the seizure of principle which governed the general in all his St. Augustine. movements in Florida, viz: That where the Spaniards identified themselves with the Indians, by arming or sheltering them, they were to be treated as enemies in our own defence; one of the most sa. cred necessities imposed on man.

Foreign Articles.

ENGLAND, &c.

American stocks on the 29th of Dec.-Bank Shares 247. nothing doing in other stocks:

John Bull is very loath to give up the king's diamonds. The idea is repeatedly given out as if one of the "royal dukes" had stolen them-which is likely enough.

In page 11, the committee ask, "if these things are admitted in the south, will not they be consi- British stocks on the 30th-3 per cent. reduced dered as authorised in the north?" I answer yes. 77 1-4 1-2 3-8; 4 per cent. consols, 94 1-2 a 7-8. It is needless to remark on that part of the report Mr. Rodney's long letter to the secretary of state, which regards the execution of Arbuthnot and is published in several of the London papers. Ambrister. The committee admit, "that having The resolution offered by Mr. Spencer, in relaleft their country and united their fate with savation to the United States' Bank, is published in the ges with whom the United States were at war, Times of the 30th December. they forfeited their claim to the protection of their own government, and subjected themselves to the same treatment, which ought, according to the principle and practice of the American government, to be extended towards those with whom they Much speculation also exists as to what the queen were associated." If their crimes merited punish-did with her money, a few thousand pounds only ment, (and where, in the catalogue of depravity, having been reported as discovered. Certain of her can we find a blacker crime than the excitement horses have been shot, "to prevent their falling into of savages to butcher women and children?) and the work of dust carts," &c. Dignity to the last! the civil powers of our country had no jurisdic--the slaughter of old servants, rather than the cost tion over their acts, it remains only to state, that of maintaining them. general Jackson had the right and the power to ex- The London bills of mortality, including the outecute the law of nature and nations upon them.-parishes in Middlesex, Surrey, and the city of WestIf the two great points are admitted, the guilt of minster, give the following results-christened the prisoners and the power of the general, what | 12,530 males and 11,703 females; total 24,233; buobject have we in cavilling at the mode of their ried, 9,883 males and 9822 females-total 19,705. trial? An error in the formal part of their proceed. ings would not have proved the innocence of the ac- The divisions in the ministry have caused a gene cused,and of course could not vitiate the whole trans-ral rupture, and all the ministers resigned on the 24th action. If the conduct of these men had been such of Dec. last. All the resignations were accepted as was imputed to them, their death was richly me- but the duke of Richelieu's who immediately formrited; and if it is even admitted, that gen. Jackson, ed a new ministry. Several persons, distinguished in punishing such monsters, erred in formalities, in the reign of Napoleon, are included in it. It does the establishment of their guilt and the application | not appear that any important result is likely to enof the corrective, not only consummated his duty,sue from these proceedings. M. de St. Cyr is at the but repaired all the insubstantial defects which head of the war department, and Drouct of the mamight have given impunity to crime. rine.

FRANCE.

SPAIN.

It has been generally rumored that the queen of Spain was poisoned-the why is not suggested. The conversation seems to be general as to an expected revolution in Spain, where things appear to have arrived nearly at the worst possible state.

To conclude-these remarks are presented to the world, from a deep conviction that the report of the committee not only does the greatest injustice to general Jackson, but in its character and tendency is destructive of our dearest rights. Eve ry citizen of the republic is wanting in duty to his country who does not solemnly protest against so It now appears that Charles IV. actually applied novel and unconstitutional a proceeding. If into the congress of Aix la Chapelle for a restoration quisitorial investigations can be instituted into the to the throne of Spain-promising to acknowledge character of individuals, at the will of the legisla-the independence of the revolted colonies, to foretive branch of our government, why did the great ver forbid the entrance of the prince of peace, as framers of our constitution give us a judiciary and the infamous Gudoy is called, into the kingdom, executive? If the senate can assume the judicial that he would govern with moderation, &c. It is and executive functions, why may not the presi-not known whether any decision was taken on his dent usurp the legislative power? If such a prece-application-but the people of Spain seem to be dent is acquiesced in by the honorable body, from desirous of his return.

one of whose committee it emanated, it is greatly to

ITALY.

be feared, that such an usurpation will be infinitely The grand duke of Tuscany has lately purchased, more dangerous than the open efforts of ambition, it is said, a manuscript of about 50 pages in the hand even when supported by the licentiousness of stand-writing of Tasso, for the sum of 4000 francs. ing armies.

Washington, March 5, 1819.

SOUTH AMERICA.

A letter from Aux Cayes, dated Jan. 28, saysP. S. It has been intimated that some gentlemen general Gregor McGregor has just arrived here of the committee have expressed their regret, that with an armed ship and brig, he expects hourly all the facts on the subject of their enquiry had from Londen ten other vessels which sailed in comnot been obtained before they made their report. pany with him-the object of his visit is not known. No excuse is left them for not procuring all the In conversation with one of the principal officers facts; for general Jackson stated to one of the se this day, he told me, he expected there would be lect committee, that he was willing to appear be-from two to four thousand troops on board the shipfore them as a witness and expose to them at the ping and they should immediately, on the arrival of