Your committee are of opinion, that the future | pany a return to cash payments can be realized' effect upon the exchanges of remittances, on ac- they trust they shall not be considered to exceed the count of foreign loans, will be very limited: that powers committed to them by the house, by the preparations for the resumption of cash payments suggestion of such a plan, though it may involve a will tend to diminish that effect; and that subse- temporary departure from the laws which regulat quently to their resumption it will be subject to a ed our currency previously to the restriction. constantly operating control. In corroboration of A plan of this nature has been under the consi this opinion, the committee refer to the manner indration of the committee; and before they explain which the exchanges of France and Holland, (coun-its details, or assign the grounds on which they are tries having a metallic currency) have been affected disposed to recommend the several measures which by similar remittances. form a part of it, they will present the general outline to the house.

The Dutch capitalists have embarked, to a very considerable extent, in the foreign loans that have They propose, that after the 1st May, 1821, the recently been made, and are supposed to have tak-bank shall be liable to deliver a quantity of gold, not en nearly three-fourths of those made by Russia; but less than 60 ounces, of standard fineness, to be first no sensible effect has been produced upon the ex- assayed and stamped at his majesty's mint, at the eschanges or currency of Holland. France, notwith-tablished mint-price of 31. 17%. 104d. per ounce, in standing the great extent of contributions to foreign exchange for such an amount of notes presented to powers, which have been defrayed by that country, them, as shall represent at that rate the value of the has maintained an ample metallic currency. It ap-gold demanded.

pears in the evidence of Mr. Holland and Mr. Irving, That this liability of the bank, to deliver gold in that the price of gold has remained nearly station-exchange for their notes, shall continue for not less ary at Paris for the last four years; that in 1807, than two nor more than three years from the 1st of when there was in this country a variation in its May, 1821, and that at the end of that period cash price, to the extent of seven per cent. there was payments shall be resumed. none in Paris: and that between the 5th Oct. and 22d Dec. last, whilst the variations in exchanges between Paris and this country amounted to 4 per cent. the greatest variation between Paris and any country, which had a metallic currency, did not exceed per cent.

Mr. Rothschild being examined, as to the effect of the contributions which France has paid to foreign countries, upon her exchanges, replied, "perhaps from 1 to 1 per cent."

That, on a day to be fixed by parliament, not later than the 1st Feb. 1820, the bank shall be required to deliver gold, of standard fineness, assayed and stamped as beforementioned, in exchange for their notes, (an amount of not less than 60 ounces being demanded) at 41. 18. per ounce, that being nearly the market price of standard gold in bars, on ait average of the last three months.

That, on or before the 1st Oct. 1820, the bank shall pay their notes in gold of standard fineness, at the rate of 31. 19s. 6d.; and, on or before the 1st May, 1821, as beforementioned, at the ancient standard rate of 31. 17s. 10d.

When your committee consider the extent and value of the exportable produce of this country, they can have no doubt of its ability to command such a portion of the precious metals as may be necessary Your committee proceed to state the reasons for the purposes of internal currency, and to main-which induced them to recommend the adoption of tain them in circulation by the same means by which these suggestions. they are maintained in other countries, where, from By requiring the bank to pay, after the 1st of May, an imperfect state of credit and confidence, and 1821, a given quantity of notes, in standard gold, at the absence of banking establishments, a much lar- the mint price, a security against fluctuation in the ger metallic currency is necessary than this coun-value of paper currency will be provided, of the try will require, in proportion to its foregn trade same nature with that which payments in specie and internal commercial dealings. afforded previously to the restriction act. If the Difficulties must be encountered during the pre-issues of the bank shall, at any time, exceed the parations for the resumption of payments in specie; amount to which they must be limited, in order to but those difficulties are, in the estimation of your maintain their value on a par with gold, the bank committee, outweighed by the important and per-will be subjected to an immediate demand for gold, manent benefit of restoring that standard by which, and will naturally have recourse, as before the repreviously to the year 1797, the value of commodi-striction, to the contraction of the issues of ther ties was measured, and which, though variable in a paper. certain degree, is much less exposed to fluctuation than any other that can be devised.

The chief recommendation of this plan, in the opinion of the committee, is, that it will enable the Your committee abstain from entering more at hank to pay their notes in gold at a much earlier pelarge into this important topic, from a consideration riod than they could pay them in the present gold that the legislature has, on various occasions ex- currency. There cannot, while this plan is acted pressly pronounced its opinion on the policy of re- on, be any demand for gold for the purposes of inestablishing the metallic standard of value; and that ternal circulation; and whatever quantity it would the duty which it has devolved on your committee be necessary to provide, with the view of replacing is no other than that of considering at what period, the small notes at present in circulation, may thereand by what means, that great object can be best fore be dispensed with. That portion of capital effected. They see nothing in the circumstances which must otherwise be applied to the purchase of this country, or of Europe, which can render it of an expensive and unproductive instrument of expedient to postpone preparations for the resump-commerce, will be less available for the employtion of cash payments; and by thus deferring, most ment of productive labor; or at any ratio, time will probably, to aggravate the difficulties which may be be afforded, during the operation of the plan, for inseparable from that measure. If, however, the the gradual abstraction of that capital, and for the committee can suggest to the house any plan by accumulation of such a stock of the precious metals which, in their opinion, the pressure of such difficul- as may enable the bank with perfect safety to supties may be greatly relieved, and, at the same time, ply a metallic currency. Altho' in the event of genethe most important advantages which would accom-ral panic, and a want of confidence in the stability

of paper credit, the bank would be exposed to the suspensions will take place; and to induce a gradual same demand to which they would be liable, were accommodation of commercial transactions, to & cash payments resumed, yet it is probable that the system of currency which, being long discontinued, drain caused by sudden and local alarms would be would not be suddenly resumed without restraint greatly diminished, if not altogether prevented. In speaking of this plan, Mr. Baring observes,curity will be best provided, by requiring the bank under such a system, the whole amount of bullion to revert at an early period to that principle on and embarrassment. They conceive that such sethat would be required, must be that amount which which, previously to the restriction act, their issues the bank would be under the necessity of keeping were regulated-a reference to the price of gold. for the purpose of balancing the variations that may They propose, therefore, that time having been alfrom time to time occur in the amount of currency, lowed for the repayment of a portion of the advan which at different periods the state of the country ces to government, the bank shall undertake at a may require, and farther, any amount which the given period to deliver gold in exchange for their public may be disposed to hoard. I should not notes in the manner already described. think that the amount so required by the bank could much exceed five or six millions, because I should not think that the contraction and expansion of currency at different periods could go much beyond that amount. Hoarding would go certainly to a less extent than under a system of coin, because there could be no small hoards, and persons would be less disposed to hoard larger sums when they had not the means of issuing them as currency, if they should be disposed to do so, otherwise than by selling or carrying them to the bank. Under these circumstances, I should incline to think, that ten millions of bullion would be abundant for every purpose; but it is difficult to speak with accuracy of an untried plan."

the year 1820, the committee cannot anticipate an operation of any of those causes which affect the Between the present time and the beginning of value of the precious metals, so extensive as to pre. vent the bank from counteracting the effect of them by such a reduction of their issues as may be made without producing public inconvenience.

at present, the demand from the bank, which will have to deliver it at that price, will necessarily be If the price of gold shall remain the same as it is very limited. If in the interval any causes shall affect it, and produce a rise in its price, the bank must in that case contract its paper, either positively, as compared with its present amount, or relatively, to With respect to the preservation of the standard thus by increasing its value as currency, proportion. of value, Mr. Baring states, "that he is quite confiately diminish the inducement to demand gold. any increased demand which there may be for it; and dent that the standard of the country, and of course the par value of the paper, would be preserved in much greater purity than under any system of coin." Mr. Holland delivered a paper to the committee in reference to the plan of bullion payments, in which he thus expresses his opinion: "I can venture to assert, as a practical man of business, that there will be little it any difficulty in carrying it into effect; that it will not unnecessarily cramp circulation; that it will not impede the ordinary measures, either of government or the mercantile community, but that, on the contrary, it will restore order and harmony to the system, and give to the country what all parties, who wish its welfare, desire,-a safe and efficient standard of value; variable, it is true, in a certain degeee, but less variable than any standard which any country has ever yet established.

Your committee will now give their reasons for recommending the arrangement, which they have suggested, for regulating the mode in which gold shall be issued in exchange for bank notes, between February 1st, 1820, and May 1st, 1821.

gestion appears to recognize a departure from the ancient standard of value: but it recognizes it no It may be objected that the adoption of this sug. otherwise than as it at present practically exists: it recognizes it for a very limited period, and with no other view than to provide for the gradual return to that standard, the deviation from which it acknow. ledges.

explained the grounds on which they recommend that, with a view to the establishment of a metallic The committee trust that they have sufficiently standard of value at the earliest period, the bank should be required to deliver standard gold in exchange for their notes

tem of bullion payments over that of payment in They do not express any preference for the syscommend them as a permanent substitute: but they consider them the best means of facilitating and inspecie abstractedly; nor are they prepared to resuring the resumption of payments in specie with the least public inconvenience. They are of opiThe committee consider it necessary to fix a de-in this country, has been re-established, the great finite period at which the bank shall be under the impediments to a return to our former system will nion that when once the ancient standard of value obligation of issuing gold at the mint price; and a be overcome; and it will be in the power of the standard be thus established to which the value of bank, or of individuals, by taking the advantage of the paper currency shall conform, and by which its a favorable state of exchange, to increase the supissues shall be regulated. Parliament has, on more ply of the precious metals in this country, to any exthan one occssion since the peace, fixed a period for tent to which they are likely to be required. the return to payments in specie; and when it has consented to a futher suspension of them, has expres-ed to the plan of bullion payments which they have sed an opinion that their resumption was highly de-recommended-first, that by necessarily continuing Your committee are aware that it may be objectsirable; and has assigned as the reason for continuing the notes below five pounds in circulation, it conthe restriction, the expediency of enabling the bank tinues the present inducements to the crime of forto make such preparations as to their discretion and gery; and secondly, that by requiring the presentaexperience might appear most expedient, for ena-tion of a large amount of notes in demand for gold. bling them to resume payments in cash without pub-it gives to the possessor of notes to that amount an ic inconvenience. The committee, therefore, are desirous in recom-tity will not possess. On the first of these objec mending the further postponement of those pay-tions, your committee observe, that it is scarcely accommodation which the holder of a smaller quanments, to devise some additional security that pre- possible to calculate on a resumption of specie payarations shall be made for their resumption; to pre-ments accompanied with the total exclusion of the ent an impression on the public mind that further small notes at a period much, if at all, earlier than

that at which it may take place, if the recommnenda- land, whom they had an opportunity of personally tion of the committee be adopted. When the le-examining, that there is reason to believe that no gislature has, at former periods, contemplated the difficulty would exist, on the part of the bank of removal of the restriction, the necessity of continu- Ireland, in carrying into effect any regulations of ing the circulation of the small notes for some time the same nature with those which may be adopted subsequently has been foreseen, and is at present with respect to the bank of England. provided for by law. It is true, that after the resumption of cash payments, the amount of small bank notes in circulation would probably be diminished, but there seems no reason for concluding that the temptation to forgery, which must depend on a consideration of risks and profit, would be diminished in proportion to the decrease of those notes, provided they were not altogether excluded. The force of this objection will also be lessened proportionately to the degree of success which may attend the attempts that are at present making to devise means of rendering the imitation of bank notes more difficult Your committee have been informed, that the plan recommended by the commission-ture of the circulation of country banks, which can ers appointed for inquiring into the mode of prerenting forgery of bank notes may be expected to be in full operation in about three months, and they have received from two scientific members of that commission (Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Wollaston) the satisfactory assurance, that their confidence in the increased security which the new form of note will afford, as well by creating fresh obstacles to a successful imitation, and by giving a more obvious facility to the public in detecting any attempt to give currency to forged notes, has been confirmed by the progress of their enquiry and experiments since the date of their report, communicated to parliament. With respect to the second objection, your com-into which they are divided, according to their semittee remark, that the object of the plan which they recommend is, by securing a control over the quantity of the circulating medium, to regulate the value of the whole, and to maintain paper on a par with gold. While this object is effected, the holder of notes, to whatever amount, has a security for their value, which, without this plan, he would not possess, during the interval which must precede the resumption of cash payments.

Your committee would here close their report, if they did not think it necessary, shortly to advert to the circulation of country banks. The notes ct all those establishments are exchangeable for the notes of the bank of England. As a part of the currency, therefore, they must be affected by any fluctuation in value to which bank of England notes are now liable; and, consequently, will be alike secured from such fluctuation, by any arrangement which will effectually place and maintain the latter upon a par with a metallic standard of value. Although, from this view of the subject, your committee are led to the conclusion, that there can be nothing in the naform an obstacle to the gradual resumption of cash payments, upon the plan which your committee have suggested, they have made it their endeavor to ascertain the probable amount of that circulation, at different periods; though they have to regret that they have not been able to obtain as precise and full information as might be desired.

There are not sufficient data from which to ascertain the exact amount of country bank notes at any one time in circulation. Your committee called for accounts from the stamp office, of the number of promissory notes stamped in each successive quarter, from the year 1810; and as these accounts show the number of notes stamped in each of the classes

veral denominations, if the nominal value of each is assumed, for the sake of calculation, to be the highest which such note could bear according to the stamp affixed, the total amount stamped in each year would be as follows:

1814

1815

1816

1817

1818

£10,255,841 8,204,906

7,839,923

9,075,258

12,316,688

If these notes on an average circulate for three years, the highest aggregate amount to which they can have reached is £29,232,870.

Should the house determine to act upon the recommendation of the committee, it will be expedient to continue the act which passed in the present session, restricting the further issue of gold coin from the bank. They propose no interference with Your committee are led to conclude, from the the laws which regulate the mint, conceiving it de-information of Mr. Lloyd, that the whole amount sirable to retain, as a check upon any undue con- of notes stamped, which still remain in such a state traction of the issues of the bank, the power which as to be circulated, can never have been at once in individuals at present possess, of receiving coin circulation. He says, "a banker may have 50,000 from the mint in exchange for bullion, without loss notes lying by him, his having paid the duty, and or deduction, at the rate of 3£ 17s. 103d. per ounce. having the notes ready, by no means proves that They recommend, not as an appendage to the plan they are in circulation. Sometimes there may be which they have suggested, but as a politic mea-a very large amount locked up by him, at other sure under any system of currency, the total repeal times they may be almost all in circulation. In time of the laws which prohibit the melting or exporta- of alarm, he takes care to have them as much at tion of the coin of the realm. The committee con- home as possible; in times of posperity and general ceive it to have been clearly demonstrated by long confidence, he has no hesitation in issuing them on experience, that they are wholly ineffectual for the satisfactory security." object for which they were designed; that they of fer temptations to perjury and fraud, and give those who violate the law an unfair advantage over those who respect it.

Mr. Lloyd expressed an opinion, that the issue of paper by the country banks might be from forty to fifty millions; but your committee are rather led to infer, from the general tenor of the information before them, that the amount of this branch of the pa per circulation, throughout Great Britain, has never exceeded from 20 to 25,000,000.

Your committee have received an intimation from the directors of the bank of Ireland, that they shall be prepared to resume cash payments six months afer their resumption by the bank of England. In Whatever may have been the amount, it appears making this communication, the directors contem-undoubtedly to have been liable to great fluctua plated a return to payments in specie; but the com- tions, as may indeed be inferred from the accounts mittee have the satisfaction of stating to the house, of the stamps before alluded to, but with more ceron the authority of the governor of the bank of tre-tainty, from the account farnished by the three chur

tered banks of Scotland, representing the proportions which the quarterly averages bear to each other, of the respective circulation of each bank, at three corresponding periods; the scales by which the circulation of these banks is thus shown, estab. lish the degree of the proportionate variations in each respectively; but it is to be observed that those scales, being constructed upon different data, afford no means of comparing with one another the actual amount of their respective issues.

British linen company
Bank of Scotland
Royal Bank

1,400

8,773

6,720

751 267

issues of the bank of England, the credit of which is fortunately unassailable by the influence of similar circumstances, must have a tendency, by diminishing the amount of the paper currency, to raise the value of the whole.

This, in the opinion of your committee, was one of the effects produced by the rapid contraction of our currency in 1816 and 1817; and to it may be ascribed, in part, the fall in the price of gold, and the favorable state of the foreign exchanges during that interval.

1818. Such contraction is an evil to which the system of 1,265 country banks, resting upon individual credit, may 8,178 be occasionally liable; but your committee are in1,131 clined to hope that it will not be likely either to As a very large part of the currency of Scotland prevail to the same extent, or to endure for so long is furnished by those banks, it must be inferred a period, when the fluctuations to which an incon from the preceding scales, that whatever was the vertible paper currency is exposed, shall be checkamount at the close of 1813, not less than one-third ed by the operation of the plan which they recom. had been withdrawn from circulation in 1816, since mend for the gradual resumption of cash payments. which period an equal amount has been re-issued.

Whether it may be practicable further to provide A fluctuation, corresponding with this in point of against inconvenience to the public and the loss to time, and at least, equal in degree, appears to have individuals, which arise from the occasional insol taken place in the paper issued by the country vency of country banks, and to make such provi banks in England. The number of these establish- sion, without an interference with the rights of proments licensed in 1814 was 940; in 1817, was 752. perty, and the transactions of the community found. Mr. Lloyd stated, that the circulation of the coun-ed on commercial credit, are questions of great diftry banks was at its highest in 1813 and 1814, but was considerably reduced in 1815, and the begin ning of 1817; and being asked as to the amount outstanding at the latter period, when compared with the former, he answered, "I can hardly say; I should think it was reduced nearly one-half."

1819

10

12

16

174 and further information on the same subject will be found in the evidence of Mr. John Smith, a member of the house, Mr. Samuel Gurney, and Mr. Gilchrist.

Whatever may have been the diminution in the amount of the circulation of country banks in 1816 and 1817, it was not in any degree caused by a diminution of the issues of the bank of England. The circulation of country paper is liable to be affected by want of confidence, generally brought on by extensive failures in some of those establishments, and the result of which is, that other country banks, however solvent, participate more or less in the general discredit, and are obliged to restrict their issues, from a regard to their own security.--In the opinion of Mr. Tooke, "A like effect is sometimes produced, and in a much greater degree, from the discredit of their customers, to whom they are in the habit of advancing money; most of their customers being holders of articles which are likely to be affected by a general depression of price"

ficulty, respecting which your committee could not, without further evidence and considerable delay, have enabled themselves to submit an opinion to the house.

Your committee have foreborne from entering into any reasoning upon the effect produced upon the value of our currency, by variations in the numerical amount of the notes issued by the bank of England. So many circumstances contribute to affect that value; such, for instance, as the varying state of commercial credit and confidence-the fluc tuations in the amount of country bank paper-the different degrees of rapidity with which the same amount of currency circulate at different periodsthat your committee are of opinion, that no satisfactory conclusions can be drawn from a mere reference to the numerical amount of the issues of the bank of England outstanding at any given time. May 6th, 1819.

Receipts of cash in the years 1814, 1815
1816, 1817, and 1818

Although there may be reason to infer from the opinion of the witnesses most conversant with the management of country banks, and to whose evidence your committee beg leave to refer, that a reduction in the amount of the notes issued by the bank of England would speedily and necessarily be followed by a proportionate reduction of the country bank paper; still it must be very obvious, that, independently of that cause, the latter is liable to Do. 1816 a sudden and highly inconvenient contraction, un- Do. 1817 der such circumstances of distrust and difficulty as Do. 1818 occurred in 1816. The effects of this contraction, upless obviated by a corresponding increase in the!

Expenditures in the year
1814
Do. 1815

$71,264 94

3,378,207 10

Payments made to the trea

sury during the same pe

riod 379,340 44 Aggregate of expenditures and of moneys paid into the treasury for five years, ending Jan. 1, 1819

3,436,740 19

Leaving a balance in the general postoffice on 1st day of January, 1819,

of

NETHERLANDS,

A Dutch paper mentions, that about 5,200,000lbs. of wool is annually obtained in Holland; and that of this quantity, about 2,300,000lbs. is manufactured in that country.

SWEDEN,

It seems to be an accepted fact in England, that "Alexander the deliverer" is resolved to depose the present king of sweden-late marshal Bernadotte. $12,731 85 It is said that he offered him a Russian government The aggregate amount of net revenue, from the on the confines of Asia, with a revenue of 250,000/ origin of the establishment up to 1st January, 1818, sterling per annum, which Charles-Jean refused to as far as the same has been ascertained, after deduct-accept of. We have yet to hear what effect this ing the compensation to postmasters, cash paid for project of Alexander will have upon the rest of the the transportation of the mail, and all contingent "legitimates." and incidental expenses, is estimated at $1,588,265; the aggregate of payments into the treasury amounted, on the 1st day of January, 1819, to $1,181,728, leaving $406,536, which constitutes a part of the outstanding debt before mentioned; the net revenue being stated from the quarterly returns of the post- A Haytian vessel, the first that ever entered the masters, and not from the balances actually received Baltic, arrived in the sound the latter end of April at the general post-office. The net revenue for the year 1818 is not ascertained, the quarterly returns of the postmasters not having yet been all received.

Foreign Articles.

STATISTICS OF EUROPE.

ZARBARY POWERS.

The plague rages extensively on the coast of Barbary.-400 persons per day are supposed to die off at Fez; many at Teutan, Rabat, &c.

last.

ΠΑΙΤΙ.

SOUTH AMERICA.

A letter from an American, dated at Lima, March 9, informs us that lord Cochrane encourages desertions from neutral vessels-that four men belonging to the Flying Fish, of Boston, having stolen one of her boats, and entered in his ship,-on applica tion being made to him for their restoration, his lordship even refused the captain of the Flying Fish the honor of appearing before him, and would not give up either. This is taking high ground.

From a Paris paper. The present population of Europe, amounts to 177,221,600 persons, scatter ed over 154,450 geographic square miles. This population, considered in an ethnagraphic point of view, comprehends 53,195,000 Teutonians or Ger- Accounts to the 3rd of May have been received Mans, 60,586,400 descendants of the Romans, 45,120- from Buenos Ayres-we learn that a treaty or ar000 Sclavonians, 3,718,000 Caledonians, 3,499,500 mistice had een concluded on the 16th April, beTartars and Bulgarians, 3,070,000 Maggarians, tween the government of Buenos Ayres and the 2,022,000 Greeks, 1,760,000 Finlanders, 1,610,000 agent appointed by the people of Santa Fee and ge Cimminerians, 622,000 Basques, 313,600 Guistes, neral Artigas, the preliminaries to be settled on the 294,000 Arnauts, 131,600 Armenians, 88,000 Mal- 10th May, which it was supposed would lead to a tese, &c. There are 1,179,500 Jews, 3,607,500 general peace between the provinces lately at variMahometans, and 172,432,500 Christians, of whom ance. The new constitution was printing and there are 98,229,000 Catholics, and 41,898,500 Pro- would be published in a few days. The acting dis testants. Europe is divided politically into 78 80-rector had resigned, and it was supposed would be vereign states, nominally independent. Their ag-appointed a senator under the new constitution. gregate forces in peace, are 1,600,000; and on the war establishment, 3,600,000. Their maritime force consists of 409 ships of the line-33 ships of 50 guns, 348 frigates, 1563 vessels of an inferior class.

MORE CARVINGS,

The German papers are quoted by those of Paris and London as asserting, that there is to be another meeting of the allied sovereigns in the course of the present year, to be held at Carlesbad, in Bohemia; and the result expected is great changes in the north.

THE BONAPARTES,

Artigas and his friends are to have a share in the government. It was expected that a declaration of war against Portugal would soon be made at Buenos Ayres. A truce with the Mounteneros had been effected, and they were prepared to assist against the expected expedition from Spain. San Martin was soon to be in the capital of Chili, to invigorate the preparations against Peru. The vessels that went from Valparaiso to Callao had been allowed to enter the port. The British frigate Andromache sailed from thence on the 14th of February. The U. States frigate Macedonian left Valparaiso for Co

Mc Gregor has arrived at Port au Prince, where he expected to receive further reinforcements and embark on a new expedition! It is understood, that his men captured at Porto Bello, had not been put to death, but were retained as prisoners of war. CHRONICLE.

Napoleon, is as usual, on the rock of St. Helena-quimbo, on the 3rd of April. "sulky," as the English say, because he will not lick the hand that smites him, or suffer himself to be exposed to impertinent curiosity. Joseph remains quiet in the United States, improving and extending his estate Louis has received permission of the Austrian government to repair to Teplitz and Egra, in Bohemia, to use the waters of those places. Jerome is at the court of his father in law. Mad. Dred-at Baltimore, on the 1st inst. maj. gen. Levin Murat is at Vienna, and Mad. Bacciochi had obtain-Winder, in the 63d year of his age, a soldier of the ed liberty to reside at Baden.

MARIA LOUISA.

It is reported that the emperor of Austria, while at Rome, solicited of the pope to annul the marage of his daughter, Maria Louisa and Napoleon, that she might be at liberty to wed with the king of Prussia:

revolution, late governor of Maryland, and recently grand master of inasons therein. He was an amià, ble and worthy man. His body was returned to the dust from whence it came, with masonic honors;" and a resolve passed that the members of the grand lodge wear crape on the left arm for thirty days in respect to his memory.