The new Russian minister to the United States, Mr. Poletica, has arrived at New York. Mr. John Randolph is elected to congress, from Virginia. cheerfully consented; and on the 20th December | Sunday last, in 21 days from Liverpool-they sailed last, her left eye was successfully operated on. No on the same day, and continued in sight of each pain or inflammation succeeded, and about 8 days other nearly the whole of the voyage. · afterwards, I removed the dressings, and permitted her a limited enjoyment of the blessings of vision; her raptures were indescribable. Her newly acquired sense was, however, from want of habit, of very little service to her for several days-she was unable to estimate the distances of objects-and was perpetually in fear of running against every thing she saw. On the day of removing the bandage for the first time, I requested her to designate her husband, who, with several others, was present; this she was enabled to do by hearing him breathe, or by some slight noise that he made. Travelling. The route between New York and Philadelphia has been travelled by the "citizens line" of coaches, in 8 hours and 35 minutes-at the rate of 114 miles per hour! similar case, we suppose, in North Carolina-this sum was regarded as the value of half his estate. A case of crim. con. has also been tried in that state, in which the amount of the verdict was 1000 dollars. The plaintiff had left his wife in search of employment-he was absent but a few months, during which the defendant, by regular license, married the woman! Marriage. A young lady near Philadelphia, has received a verdict of $2,000 against a scoundrel who promised her marriage, and seduced her. Another person a "preacher of a certain religious On the 27th Feb. last, I performed the opera-society," has been brought in for 15,000 dollars in a tion on her right eye: my success in this case was instantaneous--the cataract was removed whole out of the axis of vision, while that in the left eye being soft, was only broken up and lacerated by the instrument, and dissolved by the aqueous humor. No pain or inflammation followed the last operation, and she is now visiting and receiving visits of her friends. She can see without glasses to thread a needle; and so soon as she gets a pair of suitable Sales of bank notes. Since our last, the notes of spectacles, she intends learning to read and write.the banks south of Maryland have depreciated very If this woman, when totally blind, was an object of much. Those of North and South Carolina and Georlove, what must her value be now in the estimation gia cannot be shaved in Baltimore for less than 4 or of her husband? I am very happy to have it in my 5 percent. and those of Kentucky andTennessee are power to say her husband seems fully sensible of at from 10 to 15 per cent. discount! A pretty busithe value of his wife, and very worthy of her affec-ness, truly. tion. Thy sincere friend, CHRONICLE. at Sackett's Harbor, on the 14th inst. lieut. Lewis German, of the U. S. navy-a brave and meritorious officer. He was in the Constitution when she captured the Guerriere and Java. Before the circuit court of the state of Kentucky at Bardstown, was tried towards the close of the last month, a suit for slander, in which Miss Des Marsley, alias Mrs. Fishley, was plaintiff, and Mr. Fishley, of Died on the 23d ult. at his residence near Balti-Louisville, defendant. After a trial of two days, more, Alexander C. Hanson, esq. a senator of the U. the jury being permitted to retire, brought in a verStates, in the 33rd year of his age. dict for the plaintiff, and assessed the damages at twenty-seven thousand nine hundred dollars. This is a curious case, for the parties had been married, and the husband, the defendant, had in a few days after marriage deserted his wife. However, the verdict, it appears, falls to the ground, the judge having decided, that the marriage being a legal one, a suit for slander could not be maintained by the wife Nat. Int. Maine. The separation of Maine from Massachusetts is agitated. It should reasonably take place, and will, no doubt, happen before long. The 5th U. S. reg. of infantry is to embark at De-against the husband. troit for Green Bay, thence ascend the Fox river in batteaux to the portage-when the boats will be drawn across the portage [about one mile] and the troops re-embark on the Quisconsin, descend to its mouth and thence ascend the Mississippi to the St. Peter's river. From the London Statesman of March 10. On America's rising greatness.-By looking over the newspapers of the three great sea-ports of America, any man without being a statesman, may discover the gigantic growth of this infant state in the Pensioners. It is stated that the number of revo-new world, but if the politician examines its treaties lutionary pensioners, who are now receiving their semi-annual dividend at the branch bank in Middletown, (Con.) exceeds 1200, all residents of the state of Connecticut, and the total amount paid to them exceeds $120,000 per annum. with the different powers it is connected with, he cannot but discoverits wise and firm policy. Nothing can shake it in any one respect. Even with Great Britain it has so far gained its point with respect to the great article of the fisheries, that a middle-aged Gen. Gaines intends to fix his head-quarters on man may live to see the time when the Americans Sullivan's island, for the summer months. At a din-will enquire of us what business we have to fish on nergiven to the general by the citizens of Savannah, the following toast was given by Mr. Harney. "The defender of Fort Erie By foes though outnumbered, the fight he maintains: The Ontario sloop of war, capt. Biddle, has arrived at Annapolis, last from Pernambuco, in 29 days— from a two years cruise in the Pacific Ocean, &c. Emigration. A considerable number of persons are arriving in the United States-chiefly from England. Sociability. Three ships arrived at New York on their shores and beds. In fact, our state is attenuating by luxury and extravagance, their's is acquiring additional strength by temperance and economy. Sir W. Jones ('tis thought in the Muse Recal'd} savs Beyond the vast Atlantic deep A dome by viewless Genii had been rais'd; To her the youth of Delaware shall kneel, NEW SERIES. No. 11-VOL. IV.] BALTIMORE, MAY 8, 1819. [No. 11-Vol. XVI. WHOLE No. 40 THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, Mitigation of Slavery-No. 1. One of the subjects proposed to be discussed in the present volume, was the amelioration of the condition of our slaves-with a view to the present and future benefit of all the parties interested; and especially to prepare the way for the well-being of such persons of color as may become legally emancipated. We intend to offer a few remarks upon each of the following propositions, and some of them may be accompanied with considerable details and statistical representations of faets, to elucidate their subject: 1. That slavery must, at some future day, be abo- This subject is one of the highest importance. It is encompassed with difficulties and most fruitful in errors of opinion; for men judge differently, on mat-2. ters of policy, though they may generally agree in the RIGHT, as they are differently educated. On the broad question, ought slavery to exist? there would be very few in the affirmative: but, on that, shall we cause its existence to cease? we should be much divided-and, if it were decided in the affirmative, the manner of it would be severely disputed; and many, perhaps, hopeless of coming to a safe conclusion about it, would relax into the indifference of necessity or despair. It is the policy in some sections of our country, to keep the free people of color as well the shaves, in the grossest ignorance possible-to deprive then as far as practicable, of capacity reasoning and deny them the mean improvement to sink them into the bestial state or taboring machines. Hence 1 certain of the laws passed in respect to persons of color, are calculated to chill the blood of those who regard them as men. ithout On the other hand, in some parts of the umon the people are clamorous for emancipation, It from considering the consequences that must re it, affecting almost equally the welfare of the emancipated and the safety of their late masters. They say, and say truly, that it is wrong to hold slaves: in their present state, however, we hold the opinion, that it would be almost as wrong, speaking generally, to grant them their freedom, having no hope of the success of the colonization scheme, except as to the object to which the present attention of the society, as noticed in our last REGISTER, is directed, in which every good man must feel willing to aid them. To prevent the introduction of a slave, is much more interesting and important than the export of a freemau of color, and much easier done. 3. On the proper means of checking the propaga tion of the slave-species-Among others, by narrowing the extent of country in which they shall be permitted to exist, with a notice of the late debates, &c. in congress about allowing the introduction of slavery into the regions west of the Mississippi. 4. That the present emancipation of slaves in the southern states should not be extensively supported, unless efficient provision is made for separating the free negroes from those who are not-the mixture is fatal to the progress of improvement in both, and at open war with the safety of the persons and property of the white population; and must remain so, until the practices recommended in the second proposition have had operation. That the states in which slavery is not allowed, should offer every reasonable facility and encouragement to free people of color wishing to reside therein; and adopt some measures to lessen the prejudices and antipathies of the whites, in qualifying the blacks to attain a respectabanding in society. propo The range of discussion afforded in sitions will, probably, embrace every thing that we desire to say on the subject, and occupy as much time and room as we can allow to it now-and te shall proceed with it leisurely, in the hope that some little good may result from it. Hints on Domestic Manufactures. Every intelligent man now sees, and many begin We are aware that the thing we are now about to enter upon is exceedingly delicate. The mere to feel the necessity of applying the surplus labor of mention of it rouses the angry passions of one party the people of the United States, to furnish commoalmost to rage, and the other responds in the warm dities for their own wants. We cannot much lon language of an honest, but miscalculating enthusi-ger, be "buyers of [foreign bargains," because we asm. Hating as we do-most solemnly, sincerely cannot pay for them. There is also an increased and religiously hating, all sorts of slavery whether spirit of patriotism among us, to encourage all sorts the subjects of it be white men, as in Europe, or of domestic manufactures. The balance of trade black men, as in America; whether inflicted by prin- has long been against us, and nothing prevented us ces, priests or planters, and whether it affects that from being as "hewers of wood" to the manufacliberty of person or freedom of mind, which it pleas-turers of Great Britain, but the great productiveed the ALMIGHTY to bestow upon man, when Heness of our country, and the extraordinary prices created him,-we may, notwithstanding, advance which our agricultural commodities brought in fo. some doctrines almost as unpleasant to the very ar-reign parts, aided by the genius and enterprize of dent friends of emancipation, as others will prove to our citizens in commercial pursuits. But the means the brutal slaveholder. We are not above advice, nor superior to instruction; but in this case, as in all others which we speak upon, we shall say just what we please, consistent with our own ideas of the right of the matter. VOL XVI.-13. of keeping that balance within reasonable bounds no longer exist-there is so little demand for our products, that a saving voyage is now accounted a good one, by our merchants. Even at the time when there was a foreign market for every thing that we and the raising up of manufactures of cotton equal to our consumption of it in clothing, additionally require about an half of that which we send abroad. But we have said enough on these subjects, and demonstrated the facts so often, that we shall simply refer to them now. However, let any notions be entertained that may, we have arrived to that point in our af fairs, when it is the home market which must be depended upon. had to spare, and our bread-stuffs, cotton, tobacco, factures operated as a tax levied upon them, without &c. were at their highest prices, a girl at Manches- any countervailing advantage. There never was a ter, assisted by labor-saving machinery, gave as more silly notion than this. The foreign demand--much extra value per annum, beyond the amount of i. e. all that we have to spare from our own wants, the cost of her own living, as two or three men in is of no comparison with the demand of the home like manner produced in the United States-and market-so much so, that the sudden transfer of now, when our articles have lost from 30 to 50 per about 300,000 persons to the U. States might con cent. of their former comparative value, the labor of sume all the surplus bread and meat that we have, the same girl will equal in positive productiveness, that of six or eight men-for though the clear profits of the latter are so much reduced, there is no diminution of the quantity of labor required to support their consumption. It is very evident that a balance thus created must be ruinous. Hence it is, that most nations prevent the import of some articles to encourage their product at home, and without which beggary would be their portion. It has been conclusively shewn that Great Britain, with all her ad- The essays that have recently appeared in the Ra vantages and improvements, supported by an im- GISTER, promulgated by the "Philadelphia society mense capital vested in manufactures and commerce, for promoting domestic industry," leaves us little to cannot throw open her ports to receive foreign say at this time, on the general policy and peculiar commodities,because they might be imported cheap- advantages of encouraging this industry;-domes er than her own people can furnish them-nay, she tic manufactures must now be supported, because will not, at this time, receive even bread-stuffs from we cannot pay for foreign products: economy is us, her best customers. It is not the nominal price forced upon us-we must live more frugally, or be of a thing that establishes its value to a purchaser: come bankrupt. In this state of the case, it must it is the means that he has in himself to purchase it- be expected that the national government will exa a man cannot give that which he has not. Every mine the subject with that attention which its im healthy person has an ability to labor, and this may portance requires-and prohibit the introduction of be exchanged for the product of the labor of others, many which we can make at home. Butto either directly or through the medium of money-by nufacturers have a very interesting this, life is sustained or its comforts enjoyed, and -they st pay particular attenthe latter are more or less experienced according ty of goods, and render them to the equality of value reciprocally created or produced by such labor. Hence it is evident that we cannot exchange the labor of six men for the labor I of one woman, except at a ruinous loss; and it be is comes us to find out some way to forbid the exchangé altogether, if we cannot prosecute it on more equitable terms. "The freedom of trade" is a pretty thing to talk about-it looks well upon paper; but exists only in imagination, or by making slaves of one natio pamper another. In n useful for we but pleasing to the eye, careful not to extort unfair prices for them. more owing, perhaps, to the reverse of what e recomended, that our manufacturers failed of revel asonable support after the conclusi. on of the late war, than to any thing else-many were dusted with the depreciation of quality and advance of price. The latter, it is true, will be regulated by the demand; but the former has in itself a principle that must be attended to, if we hope for the establishment of manufactures adequate to the consumption of the country. From the Augusta Herald. The distressing accounts from Great Britain and the continent of Europe, appear to have at length convinced the planters, as well as the merchants, that the staple produce of our state, has really been above its actual value. More than three thousand bales of cotton are stor ed in this city, for which 23 a 24 cts. per lb. has been refused, and which would not now sell for 15 cents. European countries, especially in Eng. land, nt of the exactions of government, the quantity of labor required of the people is far greate than is compatible with their happiness. The three following articles which reached us at But in the United States, where the wants of govern- about the same time, may serve to support the polinent are easily supplied, the people, in general, la-cy we have always advocated.or less than their comfort requires; and hundreds thousands of women and children do little, or nothing because they have little or nothing to do. In the city of Baltimore, there are several thousand persons idle, who are capable of earning from one to three dollars per week, and who would gladly work if proper kinds of labor were accessible to them. Thus it is every where, because men of capital do not find it an object to vest their money in manufacturing establishments, on account of the foreign rivalry. What would we think of a farmer, having the timber at hand, and the knowledge and means at home of making a harrow, for instance, who should put his timber into a cart and carry it some miles off, to a harrow-maker, and wait there while the workman executed the job, which he himself could have done as well at his own house? He ought to be considered as a prodigal. Yet this is the *This proposition may startle some who are af principle upon which nations act when they disre-ways looking abroad. Let us allow to each person lib gard their own industry and depend upon others to of bread, and 3-4lb of meat, and take into calcula supply their wants; it is a principle that must either tion the grain that would be consumed by the exproduce misery and distress, or exceedingly retard tra supply of domestic animals required for them, the rightful progress of prosperity. and then, if we add the whole together, we shall see The idea has been entertained by some of our that our boasted exports would prove inadequate to agriculturalists, that a duty laid upon foreign manu-l the amount of their consumption. Speculations to an immense amount have been entered into, upon a mere hope of profit, and the consequences must be ruinous: indeed the extent of the evil can scarcely be imagined. Men, who six months ago were wealthy, have hazarded their fortunes upon a speculation which has failed; al though they are not actually insolvent, yet their vernment, and to demand that the collectors be inlosses, consequent upon the sudden decline of cot-structed to receive payment for duties due the Unit ton, has swallowed up the profits of years of indus-ed States, in any money which shall be in good cretry. The whole attention of the planter has been devoted to the cultivation of cotton, and what is the consequence? The state of Georgia is obliged to look to the more northern states for bread stuffs.Corn, which might be raised for 50 cents, is imported from Massachusetts, and carried two hundred miles into the interior, at an expense of three to four dollars per bushel. dit in their respective districts.-Petersburg Intel. It is said the arrangements for placing the deposits of the United States in the Farmers' and Mechanics' bank of Cincinnati, have entirely failed. Ohio banks. The bank of Steubenville, the Farmers and Mechanics bank at Steubenville, and the bank of Mount Pleasant, in Ohio, have resumed specie payments. The Western Reserve bank, the bank of Marietta, the bank of Chillicothe, and the Lancaster bank, are said to "continue" to pay specie; as also the St. Clairsville bank, which is winding up its concerns. We would advise every planter, to cultivate at least as much grain as will suffice for his own use; let this be the first object of his attention: this attained he cannot lose money; the surplus of his labor Bank of the U. S. The late orders of the bank of may be applied to the cultivation of cotton and to- the U. S. to their office at Washington City, to force bacco, and is so much clear gain—but what profit the payment of debts lying over, does not seem to can a plantation afford, even if cotton were 50 cents be well relished by the good people of the district a pound, so long as the whole product must be ap--and complaint is made that five years have been plied to the purchase of provisions, for the support of his family and working hands. From New York Advocate. allowed to certain speculators to pay off their notes. Brokers. There is a great outcry about this very accommodating fraternity of shavers, by some of the THE TIMES. The pressure of the times is now be- Dankers. The banks made the brokers, and in the ginning to be most seriously and dangerously felt. rapid decrease of the former(which we most sincereIn New York, four or five highly respectable and in-ly pray for!)-there will be a rapid diminution of shaportant mercantile houses have stopped payment, ing and shavers. But let not bank-makers growl at and there is reason to fear that the evil will be in- their "legitimate" offspring, the brokers! creased. The rage for speculation has carried them Counterfeits. By the amount received at the office beyond their depth, added to which the extraordina- of the REGISTER, we may reasonably suppose that at ry state of commerce in Europe affords no hope of least one million of dollars, in counterfeit five dolbetter prospects. Under such circumstances, pru- lar notes, on the Marine bank of Baltimore, are dence should dictate to our merchants a cessation of spread through the western country. We return further hazardous enterprize; and by a more judi-a number every week. These notes are easily cious application of their means at home, retrieve their past losses. From the Aurora. British dry goods on the decline-good news for the detected by those who are acquainted with the genuine bills but are done well enough to deceive strangers. Some counterfeit tens of this bank, also of the old emission, are met with. The police of New York has published an interLet the American people now turn to the spindle; cepted despatch from a counterfeiter to his partner the day is near at hand, when the cotton planter will in trade, detailing the progress he had made in moearnestly desire his cotton to be sold in domestic mart ney-making--he mentions the names of about FIFonly. The price of cotton we hear, has already fal- TY banks, the plates for striking the notes of which len to 10d. and 11d. in England, per lb. and we may he had got engraved, &c. The story is probable expect to hear of its being still lower-British dry enough, for on most of the banks as stated by him, goods have also fallen in proportion to the fall of the we know that counterfeits are in circulation.--The raw material, at the place of manufacture-33 1-3 business of making and passing off such bills is a reto 50 per cent. and will still fall--let the consumer gular affair--thus one speculation begets another; beware how he purchases goods at this time, for he but we do not hear that any company of counterfeitwill soon have to buy domestic goods at a very lowers have yet been incorporated ander their proper rate; let the wholesale dealers beware how they buy appellation. of British agents, for they will not be able to pay them; the goods will fall too much upon their shelves to enable them to do so. The intention of this communication is to caution the unwary; we are going to have sad times, and plenty of goods under the hammer at any price they will bring. Let the man that can pay twenty shillings take care of himself.-Tom Straddle is almost dismounted, and will soon accompany Jack Manchester home. PETER. Banking, et cetera. Desirable equality. The secretary of the treasury has lately dispatched his circulars to the west, by which every land office in the United States is authorised to receive payments in such money as is in good credit in the district. We have no objection to urge against this arrangement-on the contrary, we would advise the officers of government to receive pay for the public land in any way, and as soon as they can. But we think the Atlantic states have an equal right to participate in the liberality of go We reiterate what we have said-there is no safety to the people in general, that is, those not accustomed to handle and observe many and different bank notes, except in refusing to receive any except such as are issued in their neighborhood, or composing its common currency. Legal tender! We see that certificates to be issued at the mint of the United States, for foreign coin or bullion deposited therein, are recommended as a legal tender, by a writer in the Baltimore Federal Gazette; who would also prohibit the exportation of American coin, and at once bless us with a paper currency. He seems to desire that payment of those certificates in money, might be demanded at the end of "10 or 20 years"-if it should be convenient, in the mean time, to re-coin the cash or coin the bullion! Bank of England. We have received a devise for a bank note, published in England by Mr. Hone. On the left are these words "specimen of a bank note-not to be imitated. Submitted to the consi deration of the bank directors and the inspection of the public. Under these words is the representa tion of manacles-a rope-a figure of Britannia swal- At the same time, the bank of England has re lowing human beings; and a prison window with duced its circulation from thirty six millions stertwelve heads looking through the bars. On the ling, to twenty seven, that is, they have called in right are these words "Bank restriction," under about forty millions of dollars. It is natural to sup which is a gallows, on the supporters of which are pose that private bankers have at the same time written "Bank Post' with eight men and three wo-been compelled to call in about the same amount. men hanging. Over their heads are written, "I pro- These two causes account fully for the great mise to perform No.-ad lib. during the issue of scarcity of money in England, France and Holland bank notes easily imitated, and until the resumption-and for the fall of prices and the want of purchaof cash payments or the abolition of the punishment sers for every article. of death." The note is signed "For the governor and company of the bank of England. J. Ketch." Franklin Gazette. Kentucky. The people of this state are reaping "the full harvest of misery," by reason of their banks, which we mournfully predicted a long time ago "Warrants, writs and executions" are becoming almost as common as bank notes were! There will be no peace for the people until the quantity of the banks are reduced, and those that may remain are compelled to recollect that they cannot do what they please. The paper age must pass away, and speculation must fail. At present, the command of what passes for money is not in those who hold property, but in such as are directors of banks, or who hold shares in them. Real wealth has little to do with the circulation of money, at this time, because the priests of Mammon want it for-themselves. allude chiefly, to the modern money-shops. Many of the old banks are yet highly honorable and eminently useful institutions. We The extent to which this depression will is as go yet unascertained-nor is it in the power of any body to foresee it.—Boston Weekly Report. A London paper of March 28, says "The Gazette of last night contains a list of thirty bankrupts; some of the houses have been established near a century, which is a melancholy proof of the present state of 91 trade and commerce.' The same paper observes that the stocks have fallen one and a half per cent. in consequence of the news of the cession of the Floridas. American Manufactures. At a meeting of a number of the citizens of Baltimore, held at the Merchants' coffee-house, pursuant to a public notice, on Tuesday evening the 23d Feb. 1819: Col. JAS MOSHER was called to the chair, and LEO'D MATTHEWS appointed secretary. Resolved unanimously, That it is expedient to establish a society for the encouragement of American Manufactures and Domestic (Economy. The following was proposed as the constitution of the society, and adopted unanimously: CONSTITUTION of the MARYLAND ASSOCIATION for the encouragement of AMERICAN MANUFACTURES and DOMESTIC ECONOMY. In Virginia. We understand that the office of the bank of the U. States, in this city, not only refuses to receive the notes of the other offices of that bank, (as has been long known to the public) but also refuses the notes of the branches of the Virginia state banks in every case, and even in certain cases the notes of the mother bank, except in payment of debts. Article 1.-This society shall bear the name and It is understood that this measure has been adopted to prevent its notes from being drawn out for the style of "THE MARYLAND ECONOMICAL ASSOCIATION." Article 2.-Each person, on becoming a mempurpose of remittances to the northern towns, where they are worth rather more than the notes of the ber of this society, shall subscribe the constitution state banks, in consequence of being taken in pay-thereof, and thereby pledge himself to promote the ment of custom house bonds; and that this measure objects for which it is established, by giving a preis put in force in those cases only where this inten-ference to American manufactures in all cases where tion of money changing is detected in the transac tion.* The two state banks have also been compelled to refuse the notes of their own branches, except in the payment of debts.-This is intended to prevent the accumulation of balances against them on the part of the office of the United States bank, inasmuch as it will prevent persons holding branch notes from depositing them, and then giving checks in favor of that office. In other words, those who have branch notes, and have no payments to make in the mother banks, will have to resort to the branches, instead of depositing them in the mother bank, as Richmond Enquirer. heretofore. Bad times. The great European houses having agreed to loan the French government eighty millions of dollars, have found themselves hard pressed: and in taking care of themselves, they crush every body else. they may be used or consumed consistently with true economy. Article 3.-All residents of the U. States may be. come members of this association, on paying one dollar at the time of subscribing the constitution, and one dollar annually thereafter. Article 4.-The affairs of the society shall be managed by a president, treasurer, secretary, and six directors, who shall constitute a board of nine di rectors. Article 5. In the absence of the president, the attending members shall have power to appoint a president pro tem. The president, or any two directors, shall have power to call a special meeting of the board, and a majority from time to time may fill up any vacancies that may occur. Article 6.-The directors, or a majority of them, shall organize their own board, form rules and bylaws for its government; and generally do all matters and things which they may conceive will pro*We consider "money changing" as lawful a bu-mote the objects of the society. siness as money-making. Bank notes are as legally Article 7.- there shall be an annual meeting on things of merchandize as bales of old rags, imported the 4th Tuesday in February, for the choice of a from Itals, or collected throughout our own coun-president, treasurer, secretary, and six directors, try, and the value of each depends upon the fa- and for the transaction of such other business as may cility with which the commodity may be converted come before them. into gold and silver, or something that answers all the purposes of those metals. ED. REG. Article 8.-There shall be four general stated meetings of the society in each year, to wit: On the |