FORENOON.

AFTERNOON.

From this view, it will be seen, that in these various schools all branches of education are carried on which are found necessary for the learned professions, merchandise, mechanic arts, or inferior callings. Discipline is maintained through the Trustees (24 in number) resident within five miles of the city. The second Tuesday of every month is set apart for visiting and examining the schools, advising with the masters, encouraging the students, and attending to any business brought before them. All degrees are conferred on their mandate, after an examination in their presence.

Under these Trustees, the principal masters are constituted into a Faculty, or Common Body, with all the powers necessary for the ordinary government of the schools and good education of the youth. They are to meet, in Faculty, at least once in every two weeks, and at such other times as the Provost, or Senior Member present, shall think fit to call them, or any two members desire him so to do. At these meetings they are to inquire into the state of the schools, and see that the several parts of education be regularly carried on, and the laws of the institution duly executed and observed. They have also power to enact temporary rules and ordinances, to be in force as laws, till the first ensuing meeting of the Trustees; before whom they are then to be laid, in order to be altered, amended, or confirmed, or left probationary for a longer period, or wholly laid aside, as they shall think fit.

By this method, all laws either do, or may, take their rise from masters, who being daily present in the institution, know best what regulations and orders may be wanted. At the same time, as these regulations are to receive their last sanction from the Trustees and Visitors, who are men of experience, influence, and probity, and have children of their own to educate, we may be certain that nothing can obtain the force of a standing law, but what is found salutary and good upon trial.

As many of the youth are too big for corporal punishment, there are small fines by the laws agreeable to the nature of the offense, and the custom of other colleges. Whatever money is thus raised from the slothful and refractory in fines, is appropriated in rewards to the diligent and obedient; so that any youth, who has once been a delinquent, may have an opportunity of getting back, by future care, what he forfeited by former neglect.

These rewards and punishments are both administered in the most public manner; and, in short, the whole discipline is so reasonable and just, that any youth who might desire to break through the rules of this institution in his younger years, can hardly be expected to submit to the rules of civil society when grown up.

The youth all lodge, or will shortly, in the houses of their parents, or in lodgings within the walls of the college; a proper number of which are now erecting, at a very considerable expense.

In this institution, there is a good apparatus for experiments in Natural Philosophy, done in England by the best hands, and brought over from thence, in different parcels. There is also, in the experiment room, an electrical apparatus, chiefly the invention of one of the professors, Mr. Kinnersley, and perhaps the completest of the kind now in the world.

Work Outside of the College.

Mr. Smith was not a non-resistant-through life he returned blow for blow, and he was not slow to assail what he believed to be wrong, and to assert what he thought to be right—and on many of the controversies of his day he preached his sermon, and printed his book. In the agitation which followed Braddock's defeat, he issued a pamphlet on the 'Condition of the Province,' in which he bitterly denounced the position taken by the Quakers in the Assembly, and the dissatisfaction of the Germans, who, having fled to escape the horrors of war at home, were slow to enlist in such en

terprise here. Mr. Smith's remedies were 'heroic '-every member of the Assembly should be compelled to sign a declaration that he would not refuse to defend the country against his Majesty's enemies; no German should be allowed to vote for members of Assembly until he had some knowledge of the English language, and that no newspaper or other periodical, in any foreign language, should be permitted to circulate in the Province.' The ill-feeling provoked by this pamphlet, and his military sermons composed in the same spirit, made him a conspicuous object of attack by the party assailed. In 1758, he delivered and printed, at the request of General Forbes, on the opening of the campaign in 1758, an address urging the Colonies to active and aggressive measures. This involved the author in some side issues with the Assembly, in the progress of which he was committed to jail 'for high and manifest violation of the rights and privileges of the Representatives of the people.' The Trustees thought their Provost was in the right, and directed his classes to attend his instructions in the jail. On his release, at the end of three months, they permitted him to go to England and prosecute his appeal to the Privy Council from the judgment of the Assembly. In this appeal he was successful-for he had the sympathy of 'great and influential personages,' the elder Pitt, among others, who admired his boldness in urging the defense of a distant portion of the Empire against French invasion, as well as for the overthrow of French power on this continent. His discourses were reprinted in England in 1759, and were compared favorably by the Critical Review with those of Bossuet. Before his return he was honored with the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of Aberdeen, and also from the University of Oxford; and still later from the University of Dublin. He returned to Philadelphia in October, 1759, with an Order in Council, affirming that the Assembly had been guilty of high and unwarrantable invasion, both of his Majesty's royal prerogative, and the liberties of the subject. He also presented to the Trustees, from the Hon. Thomas Penn, as a permanent fund, the deed of 2,500 acres of land-one-fourth part of the manor of Perkasie in Bucks county.

At the commencement exercises of the College and Academy, in May, 1761, Dr. Smith delivered a discourse before the Trustees, Masters, and Scholars, which is printed in his collected works. In this discourse he sums up the work of a College under the heads of Languages, the Science of the Human Mind, the Phenomena of Nature and their subserviency to Human Life, Moral Philosophy, and the Power of Expression by Voice and Pen.

!

Collections in England in Aid of his College.*

In 1761 (November) the Trustees found themselves growing poorer in money as the College grew stronger in number of pupils -the support of the institution having exceeded its income for several years about $700, while there was a pressing necessity for more rooms. In this emergency a Committee of the Board recommended an appeal to English liberality as follows:

'We have no resource but once for all to betake ourselves to the generosity of the public; and when we consider the encouragement that has heretofore been given by the mother country to Seminaries of learning on this Continent, at a time when the affairs of America were not thought of haif the importance which they are at present, and these Seminaries far less extensive in their plan than this Academy, and countenanced by the Governments in which they are erected, we can not entertain the least doubt but under our circumstances, a Seminary placed in this large and trading city, and which promises to be of so much use for the advancement of true learning and knowledge, must at this time meet with great encouragement in England, where there are thousands who want nothing more than the opportunity of showing their beneficence and good will to any thing calculated for the benefit of these Colonies. And we have the greatest hopes in this affair from the assurance given by Dr. Smith, of the disposition which he found in sundry persons of distinction, when he was lately in England to befriend the Seminary on a due application to them, and which some of them have been pleased to repeat in their private letters to him.'

The recommendation was adopted, and Dr. Smith was selected, and he embarked from New York in February, 1762. He was furnished with an Address from the Trustees 'to all Charitable persons, Patrons of Literature, and Friends of Useful Knowledge,' and with a letter to 'the Honorable Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esquires.' These documents, prepared by Rev. Mr. Peters, President of the Board, gave a complete resumé of the history of the College, and explained its great usefulness and its present pressing wants. To the Penns, especially, an appeal was made to aid the enterprise in England. Thomas Penn was called the principal Patron of the College, (and well he might have been, for he contributed to its support during his life time nearly £4,500,) and it is evident that great reliance was placed upon his influence in England.

On reaching London he at once waited upon those to whom he looked for aid in his design. 'Mr. Thomas Penn,' he says, ' received me with his usual kindness, and said that he was glad to see me on the scheme of a collection, and would forward it all in his power. It is impossible, indeed, for me to express how hearty and zealous Mr. Penn is in this business. He has put himself down for five hundred pounds sterling.'

'March 19, I waited on the Archbishop of Canterbury, who most cordially assured me that he would do every thing to forward my

• Abridged from Dr. Stillé's Memoirs.

design by mentioning it to his friends, and contributing to it in person, asking if there was any thing else that I expected from him, and if I intended to apply for a Brief, adding that there had been so many applications of that sort of late that he feared it would produce little.' The Brief,' spoken of by the Archbishop, was the technical term given to letters patent written in the royal name to the incumbent of every parish in England, (at that time about 11,500 in number), directing him to recommend to his congregation some charitable object which the King was particularly desirous of promoting, and authorizing collections to be made by specially-appointed Commissioners from house to house throughout the kingdom in aid of the undertaking. It had been the practice to issue such Briefs only in cases of great general interest, such, for instance, as when deep sympathy was excited for the Protestant refugees who flocked to England after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, or when succor was asked for the inhabitants of portions of the country which had suffered from the overwhelming disasters, of famine or pestilence. In later years, it had been the custom to appeal to the public in this way for the support of such societies as that for propagating the Gospel in foreign parts, as well as for various undertakings of a charitable sort in the Colonies.'

In the meantime he made his business known to the Archbishop of York and to several of the most eminent of the other Bishops. They all declared, he says, 'their readiness to concur with the Archbishop of Canterbury in any scheme his Grace might propose for countenancing and forwarding the design.' Nor did he forget to invoke the powerful aid of Rev. Dr. Chandler, at that time the most eminent Dissenting Minister in England. 'That gentleman,' writes Dr. Smith, 'sent for me this week, and told me that though he had been afraid that all his Court interest was gone with the Duke of Newcastle, yet he had been with the present Minister Lord Bute, who had most graciously received him, and told him that none of the charities which the Doctor was concerned in should suffer from the late change, and that if there was any good design that the Doctor could recommend it should be mentioned to the King, who was graciously disposed to favor all pious and laudable undertakings.

Pleasing as was the prospect thus far (July 10, 1762,) when he writes: Just as I was about to set out for Edinburgh, taking several trading towns on the way, Dr. Jay, from New York, which he left June 1st, has just called on me, and told me that some business of his own calling him to England, the people of the College at New York had applied to and empowered him to solicit money for