side ration of their endowing it without legislative assistance. Rev. J. C. Young, president, and professor of mental philosophy; J. M. Buchanan, professor of mathematics; Rev. W. L. Breckinridge, professor of ancient languages; L. W. Green, professor of belles lettres and political economy; Luke Munsell, M. D., professor of chemistry, natural philosophy, and mineralogy; Rev. Joseph Huber, professor of modern languages; William G. Allen, Henry G. Cummings, tutors of grammar school. The students are required to attend a Bible recitation on the Sabbath. Expenses, exclusive of books and clothing, from $80 to $100 per annum. Some respectable students expend only from $65 to $80. Those intended for the ministry, by working on a farm two hours a day, can be supported on $60 per annum. All students will soon enjoy the same benefits. Connected with the College is a Grammar school and a Primary school. Under the same Board is an Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, endowed by Congress. In Danville is a Female school of a high order, under the care of Rev. James K. Burch. At Monticello is an academy under the care of T. C. Tupper. Near Salem, C. H. Clarke county, is the Sylvan Academy, under the care of Rev. O. S. Hinckley. At Lexington is the Shelby Female Academy, under the care of J. L. and W. Tracy. A Classical school for boys, and an Infant school are connected. The Messrs. Van Dorens have a seminary which they call the Collegi ate Institute, at Lexington. At Winchester is a Female school, superintended by Willis Collins. At Versailles, another similar institution, under the care of Miss C. A. Tillery. At Hillsborough, Samuel David Blythe instructs an English and Classical school. The Transylvania University, at Lexington, is nearly in the center of the valley of the Mississippi. The buildings stand on an eminence, removed from the city. Rev. Benjamin O. Peers, president; John Lutz, D. P., professor mathematics; E. Rovel, professor of languages; Charles E. Bains, principal of the Preparatory department. At Bardstown, is St. Joseph's, a Roman Catholic College. At Georgetown, is a Baptist institution, lately under the care of Rev. Joel S. Bacon. The professors are George W. Eaton, languages and philosophy; S. Hatch, chemistry; William Craig, tutor; and C. Lewis, principal of the Preparatory department. Expenses, $100 per annum. It is 12 miles from Lexington, and 17 from Frankfort. Augusta College is a Methodist institution, in Bracken county, on the Ohio river, established as an academy in 1822, and as a college in 1829.

MISSOURI.

At St. Louis is a Catholic institution, founded in 1829. Edifice is a brick building, 60 feet by 40, about to be enlarged. It has a pleasant situation. Corporations have been formed for 9 academies. In Marion county, a college is about being commenced. Another similar institution is also contemplated.

ILLINOIS.

A thirty-sixth part of each township is granted for the support of schools; and three per cent. of the net proceeds of the United States' lands, sold within the State, is appropriated for the encouragement of learning, of which a sixth part is required to be bestowed on a College or University. A further provision has been made for a University, by the grant of two townships of land by the United States. An 'Illinois Institute of Education,' was lately formed at Vandalia. Illinois College, at Jacksonville. Rev. Edward Beecher, president; Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy; Rev. W. Kirby, professor of Latin and Greek; Erastus Colton, Preparatory department. About $46,000 have been raised in the East and West, toward founding this institution. The building will accommodate 100 students. A philosophical apparatus, worth $600 or $800 has been procured. A president, two professors, and an instructor in the Preparatory department have been provided. The college stands on a rising ground, in front of which is a beautiful prairie of 13,000 acres, or 20 square miles of the richest soil. At Alton, Madison county, an institution for the Baptists is about to be commenced. The library, and other property at Rock Spring will be procured. An organized College of the first order, it is intended soon to establish. Instruction, we believe, has been already commenced. Two or three other institutions are contemplated.

INDIANA.

The thirty-sixth part of each township of land is reserved for the support of education. Reservations are also provided for the benefit of the Indiana College at Bloomington. The funds of this institution will amount, when the land is sold, to $60,000. About half are now sold. Two college buildings have been erected, one 40 feet by 30, the other 75 feet by 55, three stories in height. The situation of the college is very pleasant. The course of instruction is thorough. The Cambridge mathematics are a part. South Hanover College and Indiana Theological Seminary. Located at South Hanover, six miles below Madison, Jefferson county, on the banks of the Ohio. The college edifice is 40 feet by 100, and three stories high. Eight dormitories 12 feet square have been erected, and a carpenter's, a cooper's, and a wagon maker's shop. It was founded in the year 1825, very much through the instrumentality of Rev. Messrs. John F. Crowe, and James M. Dickey. The president is James Blythe, D. D., who is professor of rhetoric, chemistry, natural, mental, and moral philosophy; Rev. John F. Crowe, professor of logic, belles lettres, and political economy; John H. Harney, mathematics and natural philosophy; Mark A. H. Niles, languages; Rev. John Matthews, D. D., theology; Rev. John W. Cunningham, biblical lit.

OHIO.

Three-fourths of a mill on a dollar is levied on the ad valorem amount of the general list of taxable property in the State, for the support of Common schools, We are not aware that there are any flourishing incorporated academies in the State. At Marietta is the Institute of Education, under the supervision of Messrs. Bingham, French, and Adams. It comprises four departments; Infant school, Primary school, Ladies' seminary, and Young Men's High school. The year is divided into two terms. Tuition, from $250 to $7. Students in all the departments, about 130. Provision is made for manual labor. At Granville is a Literary and Theological (Baptist) Institution. Rev. John Pratt, principal; Paschal Carter, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy; A. H. Frink, teacher. It commenced operations in December, 1831. A commodious building has been erected. Annual expenses, about 70 dollars. There is a Female seminary in the same place. At New Franklin there is a College. At Gambier, Knox county, is Kenyon College, an Episcopal institution, founded by Bishop Chase. Rev. Charles P. McIlvaine is now president. Rev. William Sparrow, Milnor professor of theology; Rev. C. W. Fitch, languages; John Kendrick, philosophy and rhetoric; Rev. George Dennison, mathematics and natural philosophy. It has 8,000 acres of land. It received about 13,000 dollars from England. A Diocesan Theological seminary is connected. A very large and commodious building of stone has been erected. Miami University, at Oxford. This institution is in Butler county, adjoining the State of Indiana. The lands of Oxford belong in fee simple to the University. The township is 6 miles square, and contains 3,000 inhabitants. The University was chartered in 1809, and went into operation in 1824. The annual revenue of the institution is more than 4,000 dollars, and it is rapidly increasing. The situation is represented to be delightful. The number of instructors is 11. Ohio University, at Athens. This institution is supported by two townships of land, given by Congress for the purpose. Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., president, and professor of logic, rhetoric, &c.; professors Thomas M. Drake, M. D., natural philosophy and natural history; Rev. William Wall, mathematics; Joseph Dana, Latin and Greek; Daniel Read, academical preceptor. Lane Seminary, at Cincinnati. Rev. Lyman Beecher, D. D., president, and professor of theology; Rev. T. J. Biggs, professor of church history and church polity; Rev. C. E. Stowe, professor of biblical literature; Rev. Ñ. H. Folsom, professor of languages; Thomas D. Mitchell, M. D., professor of chemistry; E. Whitney, teacher. In the early part of 1832, the committee commenced the erection of a seminary edifice, 100 feet long, and 40 deep, and four stories high, with a basement, which will contain more than 100 single rooms. The estimated cost of this building is 8,000 dollars. Near 40 of the rooms are now occupied, and the remainder will be finished by the close of the spring vacation. The committee have recently purchased from Mr. Elnathan Kemper all his farm adjoining that of the semin

ary, containing about 51 acres of his most valuable land. The table has been, to a great extent, furnished from the farm with milk and butter, and with all the vegetables necessary; and as it has been the wish of the students to dispense with tea and coffee, and all articles of luxury, and to live on principles of Christian simplicity and economy, the committee have been able to furnish board at 1 dollar per week, without loss to the institution. Expenses of theological department,-Board, including the two sessions of 40 weeks, at 1 dollar per week, 40 dollars; for rent of room, from 3 to 5 dollars, average 4 dollars; those having double rooms, 2 dollars; washing, 40 weeks, 7 dollars; fuel, 5 dollars; light, 3 dollars; contingent expenses, use of library, wood for recitation rooms, sweeping, &c., 3 dollars; tuition, gratis; total, 60 dollars. Literary department, Expenses the same as in the theological department, 60 dollars; an addition for tuition of 20 dollars; total, 80 dollars. Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati. Students, 110: professors, J. Cobb, J. Whitman, J. Smith, E. Slack, J. Moorhead, C. E. Pierson. An institution, called the Reformed Medical College, has lately been commenced. At Hudson, in Portage county, is the Western Reserve College. Rev. Charles B. Storrs, president; professors, Rev. Beriah Green, sacred literature; Rev. Rufus L. Nutting, languages; Elizur Wright, Jr., mathematics and nat. phil.; Rev. David L. Coe, assistant instructor.

MICHIGAN TERRITORY.

Henry R.

A Society for the Promotion of the Civilization and Christianization of the North-western Tribes, has been recently established at Detroit. Schoolcraft, Esq., is president. It is called the 'Algic Society.'

From this comprehensive and by far the most painstaking and exhaustive survey of the educational institutions of the United States up to the time when this was made, we learn that so late as 1833:— 1. There was no national recognition at Washington by any department, or bureau, or clerk, of the importance of schools and education to the general prosperity of the country, and no information as to the manner in which the lands devoted by the general government for educational purposes had been disposed of.

2. There were only three States (New York, Maine, and Massachusetts) which had provided by law for officially authenticated returns respecting their elementary schools-their number, pupils, teachers, and means of support.

3. There was not a single State or city which had an officer whose whole time was devoted to the supervision of the educational interests of that State or city, and only one State (New York) in which an officer of any other department was charged with the general supervision of Common schools, or a Board to report on the higher institutions of learning.

4. Outside of Boston there was not a single city which had a system of public schools, culminating in a High school-all the higher instruction below the college curriculum being given in incorporated academies and seminaries in no way responsible to the public or the legislature.

5. Not a single State or city Normal school, or seminary for the professional training of teachers had been established.

GIOVANNI LUDOVICO VIVES.

HIS PEDAGOGY AND INFLUENCE ON EDUCATION.*

MEMOIR.

JOHN LOUIS VIVES-whose social position as tutor in the royal family of England, and Cardinal de Croy, as professor at the Universities of Oxford and Louvain, correspondent of Erasmus and other eminent scholars, and whose publications on the principles and methods of Education enabled him to exert a powerful influence on the pedagogy of his age-was born in Valencia in 1492, of an old, but impoverished noble family His mother, a woman of uncommon energy of character, appears to have exercised great influence upon her son, and he often speaks of her with the deepest veneration. He was educated strictly as a Spanish Catholic noble, probably with a little ascetic severity, for the absolute submission of the wife to the husband, and the unconditional obedience and reverence of the children toward the mother, were his ideal of the rule of a Christian family. When fifteen years of age he was counted among the most brilliant pupils at the new Academy of Valencia, and took part with his teacher, Armiguetus-whom Majans, the biographer of Vives, calls "homo insigniter barbarus”—in combating the introduction of the new grammar of the Humanists. In 1509, two years later, we find young Vives at the University of Paris, surrounded by the influence of the Dialecticians, whose theology was the most abstruse, and whose Latin the most barbarous. But even they seemed to feel the necessity of a reform, and Vives devoted himself to studying the works of ancient authors, although, as he tells us, the empty disputations of the schools occupied much of his time.

In 1512 Vives settled in the Valdura family in Bruges, then under Spanish rule. Later he married one of the daughters of his host, at that time a little girl about eight years old, and he ever afterward regarded it as his adopted home.

Two years afterward he published an allegory, "Christi Triumphus," the earliest of his works that has been preserved. The persons are his teachers and fellow-students in Paris, and his aim was to initiate a reform in the poetical style of the period. After revisiting Paris he returned to Bruges, and shortly afterward appears at Lou

*Compiled from an elaborate article in Schmid's “Pädagogische Encyclopädie," by Dr. Lange.

vain as tutor of one of the most distinguished men in the Netherlands, the young Cardinal de Croy, nephew of the Duke of Chievres, Minister of Charles V., who, although scarcely nineteen years of age, had been nominated Cardinal-Archbishop of Toledo, and was already Bishop of Cambrai. These high dignities did not appear to have stood in the way of his studies, and Vives gave him instruction in the ancient classic authors, and it would seem in rhetoric and philosophy, in which he already pursued an independent system. His "Declamations "-written, according to Erasmus, in his best stylewere composed, without doubt, for the political instruction of his distinguished pupil, as indeed he mentions in the dedication to the Archduke Ferdinand. He dwells on the advantages and disadvantages of governing,-how happy and stable a moderate rule, how wretched, on the other hand, to deal with discontented and rebellious subjects; that the prince should do nothing in which his own interests were not subordinated to those of the State. He bewails the times in which he lives, and says his only consolation is in the hope that a new and better period was approaching. We have also a small treatise from the same year, entitled "De Initiis, Sectis, et Laudibus Philosophiae," which is perhaps the first plan of a history of philosophy we possess, and bears evident marks of the author's originality and independence of thought. His "Reflections on the Seven Penitential Psalms," written also for the edification of his pupil, bears evidence of a great mind, although encumbered by the scholastic phrases of the period. In his essay against the pseudo-Dialecticianswritten in 1519, and regarded as one of the most important contributions to the history of the great struggle between the schoolsVives cut himself off from the party to which he at first belonged, and attacked his former associates with vigor.

In 1519, as we learn from a letter to Erasmus, he undertook a journey to Paris with the Cardinal, where, in spite of his late essay, he was warmly received by his former friends. His literary reputation seems now to have been fully established, and in letters from More and Erasmus we read high praises of the Spanish scholar. His attainments were soon to be tested. Early in 1521 the young Cardinal de Croy died, leaving, contrary to all expectation, no provision for his former tutor, and Vives was obliged to turn his labors to some practical end. On the 1st of January, 1521, he began a commentary on the "De Civitate Dei" of St. Augustine, but his health gave way, and he returned from Louvain to Bruges in order to be with his own country-people. Erasmus, who was editing the work, became impatient at the delay, and, indeed, since the death of Cardinal de Croy, a very perceptible change appears in the manner of the courtly Churchman toward Vives. In July of the same year, Vives writes that his health is improving, but that he intends to remain in Bruges in order to have an interview with the Emperor Charles, as