OVERBECK

was born 29th January 1803, at Butterley Hall, Derbyshire, the residence of his father, Benjamin Outram (1764-1805), engineer, and was educated in Aberdeen. In 1819 he joined the Bombay native infantry, organised a corps of wild Bhils (1825-35), and was political agent in Gujrat (1835-38). In 1839 he attended Sir John Keane as aide-de-camp into Afghanistan, and did good service; and his eight days' ride of 355 miles from Kelat through the Bolan Pass to the sea is famous. Political agent in Sind (1840), he defended the Residency at Hyderabad against 8000 Beluchis (1843), and opposed Sir Charles Napier's aggressive policy towards the Ameer. He was afterwards Resident at Satara and Baroda, and in 1854, on the eve of the annexation of Oudh, was made Resident at Lucknow. In 1857 he commanded the brief and brilliant Persian expedition, and he returned to India a G.C.B. when the Mutiny was raging. Lord Canning tendered him the command of the forces advancing to the relief of Lucknow, but he chivalrously waived the honour in favour of his old lieutenant, Havelock, and accompanied him as a volunteer and as chief-commissioner of Oudh. Lucknow was relieved, and Outram took command, only to be in turn himself besieged. He held the Alum-bagh against overwhelming odds, until Sir Colin Campbell relieved him; and his skilful movement up the Gumti led to a complete victory. For his services he was in 1858 made lieutenant-general, thanked by parliament, and created a baronet. He took his seat as a member of the Supreme Council at Calcutta, but in 1860 had to return to England. He spent the winter of 1861-62 in Egypt, and expired at Paris, 11th March 1863. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. See Life by Goldsmid (1880).-GEORGE OUTRAM (1805-56), editor of the Glasgow Herald and author of Scots Lyrics, was his cousin, the son of Joseph Outram, manager of the Clyde ironworks.

Overbeck, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, painter, born at Lübeck, 4th July 1789, studied art at Vienna (1806-10), and settled in Rome, where he allied himself with the like-minded Cornelius, Schadow, Schnorr, and Veit, who, from the stress they laid on religion and moral significance, were scoffed at as Church-Romanticists, Pre-Raphaelites, &c. A Madonna (1811) brought Overbeck into notice; and Bartholdy, the Prussian consul, employed him to adorn his house with Scripture subjects. He next painted in fresco, in the villa of the Marchese Massimo, five compositions from Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered. In 1813 he became a Roman Catholic. His oil-pictures are inferior to his frescoes. Among his famous pictures are a fresco at Assisi, The Vision of St Francis;' 'Christ's Entry into Jerusalem' (Lübeck); 'Christ's Agony in the Garden' (Hamburg); 'Lo Sposalizio' (Berlin); The Triumph of Religion in the Arts' (Frankfort); the Incredulity of St Thomas' (London). Overbeck died 12th November 1869. See Life by Atkinson (1882).

Overbury, SIR THOMAS, was born in 1581, at Compton-Scorpion, Warwickshire. After three years at Oxford (1595-98), he studied at the Middle Temple, then travelled on the Continent. In 1601 at Edinburgh he met Robert Carr, afterwards minion of James I., who in 1611 made him Viscount Rochester. The two became inseparable friends, and Overbury was, through Carr's influence, knighted in 1608. Meanwhile, in 1606, the lovely but profligate Frances Howard (1592– 1632) had married the third Earl of Essex, and

had intrigued with more than one lover-Carr the most favoured. Overbury had played pander; but when Carr proposed to get Lady Essex divorced, and marry her, he declared she might do for a mistress but not for a wife. Lady Essex offered Sir Davy Wood £1000 to assassinate him. On 26th April 1613 Overbury, on a trivial and illegal pretext-his refusal to go on an embassy-was thrown into the Tower, where on 15th September he was poisoned. Three months later Carr (now Earl of Somerset) and his paramour were married. But in 1615 an inquiry was instituted, and four of the humbler instruments were hanged. In May 1616 the countess pleaded guilty, and the earl was found guilty; but by a stretch of the royal prerogative they were pardoned. In 1622 they were released from the Tower; and Somerset survived till 1645. Overbury's works, all published posthumously, include The Wife (1614), a didactic poem; Characters (1614); and Crumms fal'n from King James's Table (1715). They were collected in 1856 by E. F. Rimbault, with a Life. See also Andrew Amos, The Great Oyer of Poisoning (1846), and Gardiner's History of England.

Overstone, SAMUEL JONES LOYD, BARON, Economist and financier, was born in London, 25th September 1796, only son of Mr Lewis Loyd, banker. On leaving Cambridge Loyd entered his father's banking-house, afterwards merged in the London and Westminster Bank. In 181926 he was Whig member for Hythe, and in 1850 was raised to the peerage as Baron Overstone. His famous tracts on the management of the Bank of England and the currency were pub lished in 1837-57. He died 17th November 1883, leaving a fortune of over £2,000,000.

His

Ovid (PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NASO), born 20th March 43 B.C., at Sulmo (Solmona), in the Abruzzi, son of a well-to-do eques, and was trained for the bar; but in spite of extraordinary forensic aptitude, he gave his whole energies to poetry, and visited Athens. He was thrice married; and his life at his country-seat, among congenial friends, was an enviable one. His first literary success was his tragedy Medea. Then came his Epistolæ or Heroides, imaginary love-letters from ladies of the heroic foretime to their lords; but his Amores occupied the sphere he has made peculiarly his own. Medicamina Faciei (a practical poem on artificial aids to personal beauty) seems to have been preliminary to his true master-work, the Ars Amandi, or Ars Amatoria, in three books, which appeared about 1 B.C., followed by a subsidiary book entitled Remedia Amoris-the former teaching how to win and preserve the love of woman. His second period of poetic activity opens with the Metamorphoses, in fifteen books, and with the Fasti, designed to be in twelve, of which six only were completed. The Metamorphoses, according to Bernhardy, surpasses all that antiquity has to show in brilliant and felicitous metrical narration. The Fasti forms in elegiac distiches a poetic commentary on the calendar, seeks to ennoble the policy of Augustus, and revivify forgotten religious ceremonials. Midway in its composition he was banished (8 A.D.). Posterity has failed to fathom the true ground of Ovid's banishment; but nothing could move Augustus to a reprieve of the sentence; so in 9 A.D. he left Rome, as 'relegatus, non exul,' for Tomi, on the Euxine (close to the present Kustendji). There he languished out the last years of his life, and died in 17 A.D. This, his third period, produces but minor notes of melancholy. On his way

from Rome he began the elegies which he published in five books, the Tristia. Similar in tone and theme are the four books of the Epistolæ ex Ponto. His Ibis, written in imitation of Calli machus, and his Halieutica, a poem extant only in fragments, complete the list of his remains. In mastery of metrical form and in creative fecundity Ovid outsoars all the poets of the Augustan cycle. He is the most voluminous of Latin poets, and in this characteristic may be found the cause of his chief defects-his selfrepetition, his too frequent echoings of former felicities, the monotony of his cadences, particularly in the elegiac distich. There are old translations of the Metamorphoses by Golding (1565), Garth, and others; and one by King (1871). Complete editions of the text are by Merkel (1853) and Riese (1872-74); of the Her oides, by A. Palmer (1874), Ibis, by Robinson Ellis (1882), and Tristia, by S. G. Owen (1890). See the monograph by Zingerle (1869-71), and Church's study in Ancient Classics' (1876).

Oviedo y Valdes, GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE (1478-1557), born at Madrid, was sent to St Domingo in 1514 as inspector-general of gold. mines, and, as historiographer of the Indies, wrote after his return a history thereof (1526; trans. by Eden, 1555; new ed. 1851-55).

Owen ap Gruffydd, prince of Gwynedd or North Wales, fiercely resisted Henry II., but ultimately submitted, and died in 1169.

Owen Glendower. See GLENDOWER.

Owen, JOHN (c. 1560-1622), epigrammatist, born at Llanarmon, Pwllheli, became a fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1584, and about 1594 a schoolmaster at Warwick. His Latin Epigrammata (1606-13; best ed. by Renouard, Par. 1794) have been five times translated into English since 1619. Owen, JOHN, Puritan, born at Stadhampton vicarage, Oxfordshire, in 1616, took his B.A. in 1631 from Queen's College, Oxford, and in 1637 was driven from Oxford by dislike to Laud's statutes. Some years he spent as private chaplain; then in 1642 he removed to London, and published The Display of Arminianism, a work for which he was rewarded with the living of Fordham in Essex. In 1646 he removed to Coggeshall, and showed his preference for Independency over Presbyterianism. Cromwell carried him in 1649 as his chaplain to Ireland, where he regulated the affairs of Trinity College. Next year (1650) he went with Cromwell to Scotland. In 1651-52 he became dean of Christ Church and vice-chancellor of Oxford University. Here he wrote his Diatriba de Divina Justitia, his Doctrine of the Saints' Perseverance, his Vindicia Evangelicæ, and his Mortification of Sin in Believers. He was one of the Triers appointed to purge the church of scandalous ministers. He opposed the giving the crown to the Protector, and the year after Cromwell's death he was ejected from his deanery. He purchased an estate at Stadham, and formed a congregation. The writings of this period are Communion with God, On the Divine Original of the Scriptures, Theologoumena, and a diatribe against Walton's Polyglott. These were followed by works on Indwelling Sin, on the 130th Psalm, and on the Epistle to the Hebrews, the last his greatest work. In 1673 he became pastor in Leadenhall Street. Late publications were Concerning the Holy Spirit (1674), Justification by Faith (1677), and Christologia. He wrote replies to a Franciscan and to Bishop Parker, sustained controversies with Sherlock and Stillingfleet,

OWEN

and to the end preached and wrote incessantly. He died 24th August 1683. See Orme's Memoirs (1820), and Life by Thomson, prefixed to Goold's edition of Owen's works (1850–55).

Owen, JOHN, born at Pembroke in 1836, studied at Lampeter, and in 1870 was appointed rector of East Ansley in Devonshire, where he died 6th February 1896. He wrote a series of works on the Skeptics (of the French Renaissance, Italy, &c.).

Owen, SIR RICHARD, Zoologist, born at Lancaster, July 20, 1804, studied medicine at Edinburgh and at St Bartholomew's; became curator in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, where he produced a marvellous series of descriptive catalogues; and in 1884-55 he lectured as professor of Comparative Anatomy, for two years at Bartholomew's, and afterwards at the College of Surgeons. Meanwhile he helped to give new life to the Zoological Society of London, and was a commissioner of health (184346), and for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1856 he became superintendent of the natural history department of the British Museum, but continued to teach at the Royal Institution and elsewhere. F.R.S. (1834), president of the British Association (1857), Associate of the French Institute (1859), C.B. (1873), K.C.B. (1883), recipient of many scientific medals, degrees, and honorary titles from many nations, he gained the immortality of a true worker, and died 18th December 1892. Owen's anatomical and palæontological researches number towards four hundred, and concern almost every class of animals from sponge to man. He greatly advanced morphological inquiry by his clear distinction between analogy and homology, and by his concrete studies on the nature of limbs, on the composition of the skull, and on other problems of vertebrate morphology; while his essay on Parthenogenesis was a pioneer work. A pre-Darwinian, he maintained a cautious attitude to detailed evolutionist theories. See Life by his grandson (1894).

Owen, ROBERT, Social reformer, born, a saddler's son, at Newtown, Montgomeryshire, 14th May 1771. At ten he was put into a draper's shop at Stamford, and by nineteen had risen to be manager of a cotton-mill. In 1799 he married the daughter of David Dale (q.v.), the philanthropic owner of the New Lanark cotton-mills, where next year he settled as manager and partowner. He laboured to teach his work people the advantages of thrift, cleanliness, and good order, and established infant education. He began social propagandisin in A New View of Society (1813), and finally adopted socialism; he lost much of his influence by his utterances on religion. His socialistic theories were put to the test in experimental communities at Orbiston near Bothwell, and later at New Harmony in Indiana, in County Clare, and in Hampshire, but all were unsuccessful. In 1828 his connection with New Lanark ceased; and, his means having been exhausted, the remainder of his days were spent in secularist, socialistic, and spiritualistic propagandism. He died 17th November 1858.-His son, ROBERT DALE OWEN, born in Glasgow, 9th Nov. ember 1800, went to America in 1825 to help in the New Harmony colony. He settled in America in 1827, edited the Free Inquirer in New York, was a member of the Indiana legislature, and entered congress in 1843. Later he helped to remodel the constitution of Indiana; acted first as chargé d'affaires, next as minister at Naples (1853-58); and was an abolitionist and spiritualist. He died 17th June 1877. Among his books

OWENSON

are Footprints on the Boundary of another World (1859) and Debatable Land between this World and the Next (1872), and Threading my Way, an autobiography (1874).-Two other sons, David Dale Owen (1807-60) and Richard Owen (born 1810), were notable geologists. See Holyoake, Co-operation in England (1875); Owen's Autobiography (1857), and that edited by his son (1874); also Lives by Booth (1869), Sargant (1860), and Lloyd Jones (ed. by W. C. Jones, 1890). Owenson, SYDNEY. See MORGAN (LADY).

Oxenford, JOHN, dramatist and critic, born in Camberwell, 12th August 1812, and bred for the law, made his name known by admirable translations of Goethe's Dichtung und Wahrheit and Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe. From 1850 he was dramatic critic for the Times. His Illustrated Book of French Songs (1855) showed a dexterous mastery of the lighter forms of verse. He wrote many plays, among them the Dice of Death, Reigning Favourite, Two Orphans, the libretto for The Lily of Killarney, the farce Twice Killed, &c. He died February 21, 1877.

Oxenham, HENRY NUTCOMBE (1829-88), born at Harrow, was educated there and at Balliol. He took orders in 1854, but entered the Roman Catholic Church in 1857, and was successively professor at St Edmund's College, Ware, and master at the Oratory School, Birmingham. He died March 23, 1888. Oxenham translated from

ACCHIAROTTO, JACOPO (1474-1540?), painter, fled from Siena in 1539 as being implicated in a conspiracy, and was again exiled and recalled." [Pak-kee-a-rot'to.] Pachomius, an Egyptian, superseded the system of solitary recluse life by founding (340 A.D.) the first monastery on an island in the Nile. Packard, ALPHEUS SPRING, entomologist, born at Brunswick, Maine, 19th February 1839, was assistant to Agassiz, and state entomologist of Massachusetts (1871-73), and in 1878 became professor of Zoology and Geology at Brown University. He has written much, and his classification of insects (1863) has been generally accepted.

Pacuvius (c. 220-130 B.C.), earliest of Roman tragic poets and nephew of Ennius, was born at Brundisium, lived in Rome, and wrote dramas after Greek inodels. Only fragments are extant.

Paderewski, IGNACE JAN, Polish pianist, was born in Podolia (Russian Poland), 6th November 1860, and began to play as an infant of three. He studied at Warsaw, becoming professor in the Conservatoire there in 1878. In 1884 he taught in the Strasburg Conservatoire, but thereafter became a virtuoso, making his début at Vienna in 1887, and appearing with phenomenal success at Paris in 1889, at London in 1890, and in America in 1891. He has composed for the piano, for the voice, and for piano and orchestra. [Pa-der-ev'skee.]

Padilla, JUAN DE, a Spanish popular hero, was commandant of Saragossa under Charles V., headed an insurrection against the intolerable taxation, and after some successes was defeated (23d April 1521) and beheaded. His wife held Toledo against the royal forces. [Pa-deel'ya.]

Paganini, NICOLO, a marvellous violinist, was born, a porter's son, at Genoa, 18th February 1784. He gave his first concert in 1793, began his professional tours in Italy in 1805, in 1828-29 made a great sensation in Austria and Germany, and in 1831 created an equal furore in Paris and London.

PAINE

Döllinger and Hefele, and wrote works on the Atonement (1865) and Catholic Eschatology (1876), and two series of Short Studies (1884-85).

Oxenstierna, or OXENSTERN (1583-1654), Swedish statesman, was trained for the church, but entered the public service in 1602, and on the accession of Gustavus Adolphus (1611) was made chancellor. He negotiated peace with Denmark, with Russia, with Poland; and though he sought to prevent the king from plunging into the Thirty Years' War, he supported him in it loyally throughout, and on his death kept the Swedish armies together and sustained the Protestant cause. Christina did not always take his advice; but he remained chancellor till his death under Charles X. See, besides the histories of Sweden, the Life by Fryxell.-His eldest son, JOHAN (1611-57), was a Swedish diplomatist; another (1624-56) succeeded his father as chancellor.

Oz'anam, ANTOINE FRÉDÉRIC (1813-53), a NeoCatholic of the school of Lacordaire, and one of the founders of the Society of St Vincent de Paul, became in 1841 professor of Foreign Literature at the Sorbonne. He wrote Dante et la Philosophie Catholique (1839), Histoire de la Civilisation au Ve Siècle (1845; Eng. trans. 1868), and Études Germaniques (1847-49). A collected edition of his writings fills 11 vols. (1862-75). There are Lives by Karker (1867), O'Meara (1876), and Hardy (1878); and see his Letters (trans. 1886).

He had gambled much in youth, but returned very rich to Italy; and died 27th May 1840. See Life in French by Fétis (1851), Italian by Bruni (1873), German by Niggli (1882), and Engel's From Mozart to Mario (1886). [Pa-ga-nee'nee.]

Page, THOMAS NELSON, born at Oakland in Virginia, 23d April 1853, practised law at Richmond, and has written many stories, some of them in negro dialect (Befo' de War, &c.).

Pages. See GARNIER-PAGES.

Paget, SIR AUGUSTUS (1823-96), G. C.B., P.C., was a distinguished diplomatist, and was ultimately ambassador to Italy and to Austria.

Paget, SIR GEORGE EDWARD (1809-92), studied at Cambridge, and in 1872 became regius professor of Physic there. He was D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., and K.C.B. See his Lectures, with a memoir by C. E. Paget (1893).-His brother, SIR JAMES PAGET, born at Yarmouth, 11th Jan. 1814, became president of the College of Surgeons, surgeon to the Queen and the Prince of Wales, and to Bartholomew's Hospital, vice-chancellor of the University of London, and member of the Institute of France. An LL.D. and a baronet (1871), he wrote Lectures on Surgical Pathology (1853; 4th ed. 1876) and Clinical Lectures (1875).

Paget, VIOLET, born in 1856 and resident in Florence, has as Vernon Lee' written studies, tales, essays, a Life of the Countess of Albany, &c.

Pailleron, ÉDOUARD, French dramatist, was born at Paris, 17th September 1834, and elected to the Academy in 1884.

Paine, THOMAS, deist and radical, was born at Thetford, 29th January 1737, the son of an exQuaker stay-maker. He had by turns been staymaker and marine, schoolmaster, exciseman, and tobacconist, when in 1774 he sailed for Philadelphia. In 1776 his pamphlet Common Sense argued for complete independence; his Crisis came a year later; and Paine, then serving

PAINTER

with the American army, was made Secretary to the Committee of Foreign Affairs. He lost that post in 1779 for divulging state secrets, but was appointed clerk of the Pennsylvania legislature, and in 1785 received from congress $3000 and a farin. In 1787 he returned to England, where in 1791-92 he published The Rights of Man, most famous of the replies to Burke's Reflections, which involved many in heavy penalties. Paine had slipped off to Paris, having been elected by Pas-de-Calais deputy to the National Convention. He voted with the Girondists, proposed to offer the king an asylum in America, and so offending the Robespierre faction, in 1794 was imprisoned; just before his arrest having written part i. of The Age of Reason, in favour of Deism. Part ii. appeared in 1795, and a portion of part iii. in 1807. The book alienated Washington and most of his old friends. After an imprisonment of eleven months he was released and restored to his seat in the Convention, but became disgusted with French politics. In 1802 he returned to America, and he died at New York, 8th June 1809. Paine's ignorance,' says Leslie Stephen, was vast and his language brutal; but he had the gift of a true demagogue-the power of wielding a fine vigorous English.' There are editions of his works by Mendum (1850) and Moncure Conway (4 vols. 1895-96); among biog. raphies are those by Francis Oldys (i.e. George Chalmers, 1791), Cheetham (1809), Rickinan (1814), Sherwin (1819), Vale (1841), Blanchard (1860), and Moncure Conway (1892).

Painter, WILLIAM (1540-94), studied at Cambridge, was master of Sevenoaks school, but in 1561 became Clerk of Ordnance in the Tower. His The Palace of Pleasure (1566-67), largely composed of stories from Boccaccio, Bandello, and Margaret of Navarre, became popular, and was the main source whence many dramatists drew their plots; several of Shakespeare's comedies owe something to his Italian borrowings. There are editions by Haslewood (1813) and Jacobs (1890).

Paisiello, GIOVANNI (1741-1816), Neapolitan composer of ninety operas and a hundred masses, marked an epoch in Italian musical art.

Pakington, SIR JOHN (1799-1880), was Colonial Secretary, First Lord of the Admiralty, and Secretary at War in Conservative ministries.

Palacky, FRANCIS (1798-1876), was a Czech publicist and politician in Prague, and the most distinguished historian of Bohemia. (Pa'-laz-kee.]

Palafox y Melzi, José DE, Duke of Saragossa, was born in 1780, as general made the heroic defence of Saragossa (July 1808 to February 1809), was carried prisoner to France, and not released until 1813. He was made Duke of Saragossa (1836) and grandee of Spain (1837), and died 15th February 1847. [Pal-a-foh' ee Mel-thee.] Palestrina, GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA, musical composer, was born at Palestrina between 1514 and 1529. In 1551 he was made maestro di capella by Pope Julius III., a post to which he was restored in 1571, after having from 1555 been choirmaster at the Lateran and at Sta Maria Maggiore. The Council of Trent entrusted to Palestrina the reform of church music. He blended devotional with artistic feeling, and was the first to reconcile musical science with musical art. He died 2d Feb. 1594. See Italian Life by Baini (1828) and French work by Félix (1895). [Pal-es-tree'na.]

Paley, FREDERICK APTHORP, classical scholar, grandson of the Paley, was born at Easingwold rectory, York, 14th Jan. 1815, and educated at

Cambridge. He was converted to the Roman Catholic faith in 1846, in 1874 was appointed professor at the Roman Catholic college at Kensington, was twice classical examiner to London University and at Cambridge, and continued till his death, 11th December 1888, his arduous labours on editions of Eschylus, Euripides, Hesiod, the Iliad, Sophocles, Propertius, parts of Ovid, Aristophanes, Demosthenes, Plato, Aristotle, Pindar, and Fragments of the Greek Comic Poets (1888). Other works were a treatise on Greek Particles (1881), Greek Wit (1881), and an unsatisfactory edition of the Gospel of St John (1887).

Paley, WILLIAM, born at Peterborough in July 1743, entered Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1759, and in 1763 came out senior wrangler. After three years as an assistant-master at Greenwich, he was elected in 1768 fellow and tutor of Christ's College, and lectured on moral philosophy till his marriage in 1776. He then successively held the livings of Musgrove, Dalston, and Appleby; and was prebendary, archdeacon, and chancellor in Carlisle diocese. In 1785 he published his Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy, expounding a form of utilitarianism, virtue being prudence looking for happiness in a future life. In 1790 appeared his most original work, Hora Paulina, the aim of which is to prove the great improbability of the hypothesis that the New Testament is a cunningly devised fable. It was followed in 1794 by his famous Evidences of Christianity. The Bishop of London gave Paley a stall in St Paul's; shortly after he was made subdean of Lincoln, with £700 a-year; Cambridge made him D.D.; and the Bishop of Durham presented him to the rectory of Bishop Wearmouth, worth £1200 a year. In 1802 he published perhaps the most widely popular of all his works, Natural Theology, or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity (ed. by Brougham and Bell, 1836-39). Paley died May 25, 1805. A complete edition of his works was published by his son (1825), and by Wayland (1837). See the Life by Meadley (1809), and Leslie Stephen's English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (1876),

Palgrave, SIR FRANCIS, historian, born in London in July 1788, son of Meyer Cohen, a Jewish stockbroker; but on his marriage (1823) he assumed his mother-in-law's maiden name. He was called to the bar in 1827; and, knighted in 1832, was in 1838 appointed deputy-keeper of Her Majesty's Records, an office he held till his death, 6th July 1861. Among his works are The English Commonwealth (1832), The Merchant and the Friar, and a History of Normandy and of England (185164). He also edited Parliamentary Writs (183034), Rotuli Curiæ Regis (1835), Ancient Kalendars and Inventories of the Treasury of the Exchequer (1836), and Documents illustrating the History of Scotland (1837).-His son, FRANCIS TURNER PALGRAVE, poet and critic, was born in London, September 28, 1824. He became scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, and fellow of Exeter, was successively vice-principal of a training college, private secretary to Earl Granville, an official in the Education Department, and professor of Poetry at Oxford (1886-95). His works are Idylls and Songs (1854), Essays on Art (1866), Hymns (1867), The Five Days' Entertainments at Wentworth Grange (1868), Lyrical Poems (1871), and the Visions of England (1881). He is best known as the editor of the Golden Treasury of English Lyrics (1861; re-edited 1896); The Children's Treasury of Lyrical Poetry (1875); The Sonnets and Songs of Shakespeare (1877); Selected Lyrical Poems of Her